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1.
J Clin Med ; 13(17)2024 Aug 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39274297

RESUMEN

Objective: We analyzed the obstetric and cardiac characteristics and results of pregnant women with heart disease (HD) and compared their results with those of healthy controls. Methods: In this retrospective single-center case-control study, women with HD attended between 2010 and 2018 were matched at a 1:2 ratio (according to date of delivery, parity, and singleton or twin pregnancy) with controls without heart disease treated in the same referral center. Results: We identified 141 pregnant women with HD, of whom 132 reached 22 weeks of gestation and were paired with 264 healthy controls, for a total of 396 participants and 408 newborns. Most common HDs were congenital HD (53 women), arrhythmia (46), valvular HD (35), and cardiomyopathy (16), having women with more than one coexisting HD. During pregnancy or the puerperium, 19.9% of mothers experienced a major adverse cardiac event (MACE), with 5% requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The rates of cesarean section were 37.1% in the case group and 18.2% in the control group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.66 (95% CI = 1.66-4.26, p < 0.001). We also found a higher use of general anesthesia, with an OR of 10.73 (95% CI = 2.32-49.75, p = 0.002); more prolonged hospitalizations, with an OR of 2.91 (95% CI 1.02-8.35, p = 0.023); and a higher incidence of low neonatal weight, with an OR of 1.96 (95% CI 1.09-3.52, p = 0.012). There were no differences between groups in terms of gestational age at delivery; however, we observed greater prematurity in women with HD, without reaching statistical significance. The rate of congenital heart disease among the newborns of mothers with HD was 13.2%. Conclusions: HD increases maternal morbidity during pregnancy and it is associated with higher rates of cesarean section and low birth weight.

2.
J Cancer ; 15(15): 4789-4800, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39132154

RESUMEN

Tumor nodules or tumor deposits (TDs) are a histopathological prognostic factor that are associated with a negative evolutionary course in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). There are still controversial aspects of TDs, including how they should be integrated into the TNM classification system. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive value of TDs for cancer-related survival (CRS) and time-to-recurrence survival (TTR) and to evaluate the prognostic value of TDs in patients whose tumors also presented lymph node metastasis (LNM). In this retrospective observational study, all patients treated for CRC between January 2010 and December 2020 at the same hospital were included. CRS and TTR were classified by tumor stage. The results were compared between patients whose tumors had TDs and patients whose tumors did not. A total of 1426 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. TDs were detected in 178 patients (12.5%): 60 had tumors without LNM, and 118 had LNM. Patients with TD tumors had a lower CRS at 60 months after diagnosis (42% vs. 82%; p < 0.001) and a shorter TTR (34% vs. 79%; p < 0.001). Cox multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of TD was associated with an increased risk of death from CRC (HR: 1.820; 95% CI: 1.327-2.496) and an increased risk of recurrence (HR: 2.315; 95% CI: 1.743-3.073). In each N stage category, the CRS was significantly lower in the subgroup with TD+: in patients with N1a tumors, the CRS was 44% when TD+ vs. 70% when TD- (p = 0.019); in the N1b group it was 36% vs. 66% (p < 0.001); in the N2a group it was 34% vs. 58% (p = 0.012); and in N2b tumors it was 23% vs. 53% (p = 0.031). The present study shows that the information on the presence of TDs is complementary to that provided by LNM and allows the identification of subgroups of patients in each N stage determined by two metrics, CRS and TTR. TDs should be included in the definition of TNM system categories in patients who simultaneously present with LNM.

3.
Biomolecules ; 14(8)2024 Aug 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39199335

RESUMEN

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely lethal tumor with increasing incidence, presenting numerous clinical challenges. The histopathological examination of novel, unexplored biomarkers offers a promising avenue for research, with significant translational potential for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ferroptosis markers (TFRC, ALOX-5, ACSL-4, and GPX-4), circadian clock regulators (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2), and KLOTHO in a retrospective cohort of 41 patients deceased by PDAC. Immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) and multiple statistical analyses (Kaplan-Meier curves, correlograms, and multinomial linear regression models) were performed. Our findings reveal that ferroptosis markers are directly associated with PDAC mortality, while circadian regulators and KLOTHO are inversely associated. Notably, TFRC emerged as the strongest risk marker associated with mortality (HR = 35.905), whereas CLOCK was identified as the most significant protective marker (HR = 0.01832). Correlation analyses indicate that ferroptosis markers are positively correlated with each other, as are circadian regulators, which also positively correlate with KLOTHO expression. In contrast, KLOTHO and circadian regulators exhibit inverse correlations with ferroptosis markers. Among the clinical variables examined, only the presence of chronic pathologies showed an association with the expression patterns of several proteins studied. These findings underscore the complexity of PDAC pathogenesis and highlight the need for further research into the specific molecular mechanisms driving disease progression.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Ferroptosis , Proteínas Klotho , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/mortalidad , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidad , Ferroptosis/genética , Pronóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Relojes Circadianos/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Glucuronidasa/genética , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo
4.
Histol Histopathol ; : 18763, 2024 May 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38832442

RESUMEN

Bone defects are due to trauma, infections, tumors, or aging, including bone fractures, bone metastases, osteoporosis, or osteoarthritis. The global burden of these demands research into innovative strategies that overcome the limitations of conventional autografts. In this sense, the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising approach in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) for the on-demand generation and transplantation of tissues and organs, including bone. It combines biological materials and living cells, which are precisely positioned layer by layer. Despite obtaining some promising results, 3D bioprinting of bone tissue still faces several challenges, such as generating an effective vascular network to increase tissue viability. In this review, we aim to collect the main knowledge on methods and techniques of 3D bioprinting. Then, we will review the main biomaterials, their composition, and the rationale for their application in 3D bioprinting for the TERM of bone.

5.
J Mol Med (Berl) ; 102(8): 987-1000, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38935130

RESUMEN

The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a complex signaling pathway that has an important role in the immune system cells. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts as an immune checkpoint on the T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and myeloid cells. Its ligand, the programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1), is expressed in the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The binding of both promotes the downregulation of the T cell response to ensure the activation to prevent the onset of chronic immune inflammation. This axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) performs a crucial role in the tumor progression and the escape of the tumor by neutralizing the immune system, the engagement of PD-L1 with PD-1 in the T cell causes dysfunctions, neutralization, and exhaustion, providing the tumor mass production. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of the PD-1/PD-L1 system in immune function, cancer, and the potential therapeutic implications of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer management.


Asunto(s)
Antígeno B7-H1 , Neoplasias , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/inmunología , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Animales , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Transducción de Señal , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Inmunomodulación , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional
6.
Curr Issues Mol Biol ; 46(5): 3839-3865, 2024 Apr 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38785507

RESUMEN

Pancreatic cancer is a type of gastrointestinal tumor with a growing incidence and mortality worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of cases, and late-stage diagnosis is common, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% in high-income countries. The use of biomarkers has different proven translational applications, facilitating early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Several studies have shown a correlation between the tissue expression levels of various molecules, measured through immunohistochemistry (IHC), and survival rates in PDAC. Following the hallmarks of cancer, epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, together with immune evasion and tumor-promoted inflammation, plays a critical role in cancer initiation and development. In this study, we aim to explore via IHC and Kaplan-Meier analyses the prognostic value of various epigenetic-related markers (histones 3 and 4 (H3/H4), histone acetyl transferase 1 (HAT-1), Anti-Silencing Function 1 protein (ASF1), Nuclear Autoantigenic Sperm Protein (NASP), Retinol Binding Protein 7 (RBBP7), importin 4 (IPO4) and IPO5), metabolic regulators (Phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM)) and inflammatory mediators (allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12A and IL-18) in patients with PDAC. Also, through a correlation analysis, we have explored the possible interconnections in the expression levels of these molecules. Our results show that higher expression levels of these molecules are directly associated with poorer survival rates in PDAC patients, except in the case of IL-10, which shows an inverse association with mortality. HAT1 was the molecule more clearly associated with mortality, with a hazard risk of 21.74. The correlogram demonstrates an important correlation between almost all molecules studied (except in the case of IL-18), highlighting potential interactions between these molecules. Overall, our study demonstrates the relevance of including different markers from IHC techniques in order to identify unexplored molecules to develop more accurate prognosis methods and possible targeted therapies. Additionally, our correlation analysis reveals potential interactions among these markers, offering insights into PDAC's pathogenesis and paving the way for targeted therapies tailored to individual patient profiles. Future studies should be conducted to confirm the prognostic value of these components in PDAC in a broader sample size, as well as to evaluate the possible biological networks connecting them.

7.
Int J Biol Sci ; 20(7): 2532-2554, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38725847

RESUMEN

Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various stress conditions by the degradation of intracellular components. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of autophagy's cellular and molecular basis, biological significance, pharmacological modulation, and its relevance in lifestyle medicine. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern autophagy, including macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Moreover, we highlight the biological significance of autophagy in aging, immunity, metabolism, apoptosis, tissue differentiation and systemic diseases, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss the latest advancements in pharmacological modulation of autophagy and their potential implications in clinical settings. Finally, we explore the intimate connection between lifestyle factors and autophagy, emphasizing how nutrition, exercise, sleep patterns and environmental factors can significantly impact the autophagic process. The integration of lifestyle medicine into autophagy research opens new avenues for promoting health and longevity through personalized interventions.


Asunto(s)
Autofagia , Estilo de Vida , Humanos , Animales , Envejecimiento , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo
8.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 13(5)2024 May 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38790696

RESUMEN

Preeclampsia, a serious and potentially life-threatening medical complication occurring during pregnancy, is characterized by hypertension and often accompanied by proteinuria and multiorgan dysfunction. It is classified into two subtypes based on the timing of diagnosis: early-onset (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE). Despite being less severe and exhibiting distinct pathophysiological characteristics, LO-PE is more prevalent than EO-PE, although both conditions have a significant impact on placental health. Previous research indicates that different pathophysiological events within the placenta may contribute to the development of preeclampsia across multiple pathways. In our experimental study, we investigated markers of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and lipid peroxidation pathways in placental tissue samples obtained from women with LO-PE (n = 68) compared to healthy control pregnant women (HC, n = 43). Through a comprehensive analysis, we observed an upregulation of specific molecules associated with these pathways, including NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX-1), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX-5), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL-4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in women with LO-PE. Furthermore, increased ferric tissue deposition (Fe3+) was observed in placenta samples stained with Perls' Prussian blue. The assessment involved gene and protein expression analyses conducted through RT-qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry assays. Our findings underscore the heightened activation of inflammatory pathways in LO-PE compared to HC, highlighting the pathological mechanisms underlying this pregnancy disorder.

9.
Cancers (Basel) ; 16(10)2024 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791875

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in our population. In this regard, rectal cancer accounts for more than half of colorectal cancer deaths, and its incidence is expected to increase in the coming years. There have been significant changes in neoadjuvant therapy regimens, with promising results, as demonstrated by the recent RAPIDO and PRODIGE23 studies. Around 40% of patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer show some degree of response to neoadjuvant treatment, with complete tumor regression observed in up to one in five patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study. A total of 181 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery were analyzed. Clinical and pathological data were collected from the patients, including assessment of tumor regression through histopathological studies after surgery. The Mandard tumor regression grading system was used to categorize tumor response into different grades. RESULTS: The results showed a significant association between the degree of tumor regression and several important clinical outcomes. Specifically, patients with higher tumor regression had significantly better disease-free survival than those with less regression (p = 0.004). In addition, tumor regression was also correlated with the incidence of local recurrence (p = 0.018) and distant metastasis (p = 0.032). These associations suggest that tumor responsiveness to neoadjuvant therapy may influence the long-term progression of the disease. Regarding tumor deposits and the presence of lymphadenopathy, these factors were also found to be significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Patients with tumor deposits had a higher incidence of local recurrence (p = 0.025) and distant metastases (p = 0.041), while the presence of lymphadenopathy increased the risk of local recurrence (p = 0.013). These findings highlight the importance of evaluating not only tumor regression but also other pathological markers to predict prognosis and guide clinical management. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of tumor regression was not an independent predictor of survival compared to other variables such as nodal stage and presence of tumor deposits. This indicates that while tumor regression is an important factor, other elements also play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This study provides additional evidence for the importance of tumor regression, tumor deposits, and lymphadenopathy as predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

10.
Front Psychol ; 15: 1387162, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38817830

RESUMEN

The connection between physical activity and cognitive function has become a focus of attention in educational research in recent years. Regular exercise has been shown to have significant positive effects on physical health, but it also appears to have a significant impact on cognitive function and academic performance. Of all the exercise modalities, resistance training has drawn interest for its ability to improve cerebral abilities in addition to physical well-being. However, there is limited available knowledge exploring the relationship between resistance training regimens and academic performance. This narrative review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking resistance training to academic performance. Firstly, we will examine the biological mechanisms and psychosocial links that potentially connect resistance training to academic performance to find and describe the different mechanisms by which resistance training improves academic performance. In the next part of the work, we delve into the existing observational and intervention studies that have explored the relationship between resistance training and academic performance. Lastly, we provide practical recommendations for including resistance training in institutional education settings, emphasizing the need of dispelling myths and addressing barriers to increase participation as well as the relevance of considering key training variables and adaptation of protocols to developmental stages, always guided by a properly trained professional. Overall, the available evidence supports that resistance training provides potential benefits to the academic performance of youth students with many biological and psychosocial factors that explain this relationship. However, most of the studies are observational, and broader interventional studies are needed to understand and maximize the benefits of this type of physical exercise.

11.
Front Psychiatry ; 15: 1369579, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38745783

RESUMEN

Background: X (previously known as "Twitter") serves as a platform for open discussions on mental health, providing an avenue for scrutinizing public perspectives regarding psychiatry, psychology and their associated professionals. Objective: To analyze the conversations happening on X about psychiatrists, psychologists, and their respective disciplines to understand how the public perception of these professionals and specialties has evolved over the last 15 years. Methods: We collected and analyzed all tweets posted in English or Spanish between 2007 and 2023 referring to psychiatry, psychology, neurology, mental health, psychiatrist, psychologist, or neurologist using advance topic modelling and sentiment analysis. Results: A total of 403,767 tweets were analyzed, 155,217 (38%) were in English and 248,550 (62%) in Spanish. Tweets about mental health and mental health professionals and disciplines showed a consistent volume between 2011 and 2016, followed by a gradual increase from 2016 through 2022. The proportion of tweets discussing mental health doubled from 2016 to 2022, increasing from 20% to 67% in Spanish and from 15% to 45% in English. Several differences were observed on the volume of tweets overtime depending on the language they were written. Users associated each term with varied topics, such as seeking for help and recommendation for therapy, self-help resources, medication and side effects, suicide prevention, mental health in times of crisis, among others. The number of tweets mentioning these topics increased by 5-10% from 2016 to 2022, indicating a growing interest among the population. Emotional analysis showed most of the topics were associated with fear and anger. Conclusion: The increasing trend in discussions about mental health and the related professionals and disciplines over time may signify an elevated collective awareness of mental health. Gaining insights into the topics around these matters and user's corresponding emotions towards them presents an opportunity to combat the stigma surrounding mental health more effectively.

12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(10)2024 May 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38791563

RESUMEN

Chronic venous disease (CVD) comprises a spectrum of morphofunctional disorders affecting the venous system, affecting approximately 1 in 3 women during gestation. Emerging evidence highlights diverse maternofetal implications stemming from CVD, particularly impacting the placenta. While systemic inflammation has been associated with pregnancy-related CVD, preliminary findings suggest a potential link between this condition and exacerbated inflammation in the placental tissue. Inflammasomes are major orchestrators of immune responses and inflammation in different organs and systems. Notwithstanding the relevance of inflammasomes, specifically the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3)- which has been demonstrated in the placentas of women with different obstetric complications, the precise involvement of this component in the placentas of women with CVD remains to be explored. This study employs immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to examine the gene and protein expression of key components in both canonical and non-canonical pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain-caspase 1, caspase 5, caspase 8, and interleukin 1ß) within the placental tissue of women affected by CVD. Our findings reveal a substantial upregulation of these components in CVD-affected placentas, indicating a potential pathophysiological role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of this condition. Subsequent investigations should focus on assessing translational interventions addressing this dysregulation in affected patient populations.


Asunto(s)
Inflamasomas , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Placenta , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Enfermedad Crónica , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Placenta/metabolismo , Placenta/patología , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/genética , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/patología , Enfermedades Vasculares/genética , Enfermedades Vasculares/patología
13.
Int J Med Sci ; 21(5): 848-861, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38617004

RESUMEN

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a type of death that occurs suddenly and without any apparent explanation, affecting infants between 28 days of life and up to a year. Recognition of this entity includes performing an autopsy to determine if there is another explanation for the event and performing both an external and internal examination of the different tissues to search for possible histopathological findings. Despite the relative success of awareness campaigns and the implementation of prevention measures, SIDS still represents one of the leading causes of death among infants worldwide. In addition, although the development of different techniques has made it possible to make significant progress in the characterization of the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying SIDS, there are still many unknowns to be resolved in this regard and the integrative consideration of this syndrome represents an enormous challenge to face both from a point of view scientific and medical view as humanitarian. For all these reasons, this paper aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of SIDS, exploring from the base the characterization and recognition of this condition, its forensic findings, its risk factors, and the main prevention measures to be implemented. Likewise, an attempt will be made to analyze the causes and pathological mechanisms associated with SIDS, as well as potential approaches and future paths that must be followed to reduce the impact of this condition.


Asunto(s)
Muerte Súbita del Lactante , Lactante , Humanos , Muerte Súbita del Lactante/epidemiología , Muerte Súbita del Lactante/etiología , Conocimiento , Factores de Riesgo , Síndrome
14.
Biomolecules ; 14(3)2024 Feb 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38540696

RESUMEN

Calcification is a process of accumulation of calcium in tissues and deposition of calcium salts by the crystallization of PO43- and ionized calcium (Ca2+). It is a crucial process in the development of bones and teeth. However, pathological calcification can occur in almost any soft tissue of the organism. The better studied is vascular calcification, where calcium salts can accumulate in the intima or medial layer or in aortic valves, and it is associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, aortic and peripheral artery disease (PAD), and diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD), among others. The process involves an intricate interplay of different cellular components, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, and pericytes, concurrent with the activation of several signaling pathways, calcium, Wnt, BMP/Smad, and Notch, and the regulation by different molecular mediators, growth factors (GFs), osteogenic factors and matrix vesicles (MVs). In the present review, we aim to explore the cellular players, molecular pathways, biomarkers, and clinical treatment strategies associated with vascular calcification to provide a current and comprehensive overview of the topic.


Asunto(s)
Calcio , Calcificación Vascular , Humanos , Calcio/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Sales (Química) , Transducción de Señal , Calcificación Vascular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas
15.
J Clin Med ; 13(6)2024 Mar 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38542017

RESUMEN

Introduction: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of chorionicity on maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in triplet pregnancies in our environment. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out on triplet pregnancies that were delivered in a tertiary center between 2006 and 2020. A total of 76 pregnant women, 228 fetuses and 226 live newborns were analyzed. Of these triplet pregnancies, half were non-trichorionic. We analyzed maternal characteristics and obstetric, fetal, perinatal and neonatal complications based on their chorionicity, comparing trichorionic vs. non-trichorionic triplet pregnancies. Prematurity was defined as <34 weeks. We measured perinatal and neonatal mortality, composite neonatal morbidity and composite maternal morbidity. Results: Newborns with a monochorionic component had a lower gestational age at birth, presented greater prematurity under 34 weeks, lower birth weight, greater probability of birth weight under 2000 g and an APGAR score below 7 at 5 min after birth, more respiratory distress syndrome and, overall, higher composite neonatal morbidity. The monochorionic component of triple pregnancies may entail the development of complications intrinsic to shared circulation and require premature elective termination. This greater prematurity is also associated with a lower birth weight and to the main neonatal complications observed. These findings are in line with those that were previously published in the meta-analysis by our research group and previous literature. Discussion: Triplet gestations with a monochorionic component present a higher risk of obstetric, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

16.
Front Genet ; 15: 1345459, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469117

RESUMEN

Vascular diseases pose major health challenges, and understanding their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential to advance therapeutic interventions. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is a cellular state characterized by cell-cycle arrest, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype macromolecular damage, and metabolic dysregulation. Vascular senescence has been demonstrated to play a key role in different vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, chronic venous disease, and venous ulcers. Even though cellular senescence was first described in 1961, significant gaps persist in comprehending the epigenetic mechanisms driving vascular senescence and its subsequent inflammatory response. Through a comprehensive analysis, we aim to elucidate these knowledge gaps by exploring the network of epigenetic alterations that contribute to vascular senescence. In addition, we describe the consequent inflammatory cascades triggered by these epigenetic modifications. Finally, we explore translational applications involving biomarkers of vascular senescence and the emerging field of senotherapy targeting this biological process.

17.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396708

RESUMEN

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disorder affecting 4-5% of pregnancies globally, leading to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and reducing life expectancy in surviving women post-gestation. Late-onset PE (LO-PE) is a clinical type of PE diagnosed after 34 weeks of gestation, being less severe than the early-onset PE (EO-PE) variant, although both entities have a notable impact on the placenta. Despite the fact that most studies have focused on EO-PE, LO-PE does not deserve less attention since its prevalence is much higher and little is known about the role of the placenta in this pathology. Via RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry methods, we measured the gene and protein expressions of several macroautophagy markers in the chorionic villi of placentas from women who underwent LO-PE (n = 68) and compared them to normal pregnancies (n = 43). We observed a markedly distinct expression pattern, noticing a significant drop in NUP62 expression and a considerable rise in the gene and protein expressions of ULK1, ATG9A, LC3, ATG5, STX-17, and LAMP-1 in the placentas of women with LO-PE. A major induction of autophagic processes was found in the placental tissue of patients with LO-PE. Abnormal signaling expression of these molecular patterns in this condition aids in the understanding of the complexity of pathophysiology and proposes biomarkers for the clinical management of these patients.


Asunto(s)
Placenta , Preeclampsia , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Placenta/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Autofagia/genética , Preeclampsia/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles
18.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0297840, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38422027

RESUMEN

Global biodiversity is negatively affected by anthropogenic climate change. As species distributions shift due to increasing temperatures and precipitation fluctuations, many species face the risk of extinction. In this study, we explore the expected trend for plant species distributions in Central America and southern Mexico under two alternative Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) portraying moderate (RCP4.5) and severe (RCP8.5) increases in greenhouse gas emissions, combined with two species dispersal assumptions (limited and unlimited), for the 2061-2080 climate forecast. Using an ensemble approach employing three techniques to generate species distribution models, we classified 1924 plant species from the region's (sub)tropical forests according to IUCN Red List categories. To infer the spatial and taxonomic distribution of species' vulnerability under each scenario, we calculated the proportion of species in a threat category (Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered) at a pixel resolution of 30 arc seconds and by family. Our results show a high proportion (58-67%) of threatened species among the four experimental scenarios, with the highest proportion under RCP8.5 and limited dispersal. Threatened species were concentrated in montane areas and avoided lowland areas where conditions are likely to be increasingly inhospitable. Annual precipitation and diurnal temperature range were the main drivers of species' relative vulnerability. Our approach identifies strategic montane areas and taxa of conservation concern that merit urgent inclusion in management plans to improve climatic resilience in the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot. Such information is necessary to develop policies that prioritize vulnerable elements and mitigate threats to biodiversity under climate change.


Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Cambio Climático , Animales , México , América Central , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Bosques
19.
Histol Histopathol ; 39(9): 1133-1140, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38230588

RESUMEN

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with a growing incidence reported worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, which is often diagnosed at advanced stages, making its prognosis and medical management difficult. The identification of histopathological biomarkers has allowed a more precise stratification of pancreatic cancer patients, providing additional information about their prognosis and offering possible therapeutic targets to be explored. The prognostic value of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) has been evaluated in breast and prostate tumors, however, their usefulness has not been assessed in pancreatic cancer. In the present work, we analyzed the relationship between the protein expression of RANK and RANKL with the survival of 41 patients with pancreatic cancer followed for 60 months, by performing immunohistochemistry and Kaplan-Meier curves. Our results demonstrate a direct association of high expression levels of RANK and RANKL with poorer survival of pancreatic cancer patients in comparison to those with low/medium and null expression levels of both markers. Further studies should be conducted to explore the carcinogenic role of both components in this type of tumor, as well as additional promising translational uses.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Ligando RANK , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/biosíntesis , Masculino , Femenino , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B/metabolismo , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/mortalidad , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Inmunohistoquímica , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto
20.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 60(1)2024 Jan 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38256428

RESUMEN

Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy in the present day, particularly affecting women as one of the most common forms of cancer. A significant portion of patients initially present with localized disease, for which curative treatments are pursued. Conversely, another substantial segment is diagnosed with metastatic disease, which has a worse prognosis. Recent years have witnessed a profound transformation in the prognosis for this latter group, primarily due to the discovery of various biomarkers and the emergence of targeted therapies. These biomarkers, encompassing serological, histological, and genetic indicators, have demonstrated their value across multiple aspects of breast cancer management. They play crucial roles in initial diagnosis, aiding in the detection of relapses during follow-up, guiding the application of targeted treatments, and offering valuable insights for prognostic stratification, especially for highly aggressive tumor types. Molecular markers have now become the keystone of metastatic breast cancer diagnosis, given the diverse array of chemotherapy options and treatment modalities available. These markers signify a transformative shift in the arsenal of therapeutic options against breast cancer. Their diagnostic precision enables the categorization of tumors with elevated risks of recurrence, increased aggressiveness, and heightened mortality. Furthermore, the existence of therapies tailored to target specific molecular anomalies triggers a cascade of changes in tumor behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to offer a comprehensive review of the clinical, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility of the principal biomarkers currently in use, as well as of their clinical impact on metastatic breast cancer. In doing so, our goal is to contribute to a more profound comprehension of this complex disease and, ultimately, to enhance patient outcomes through more precise and effective treatment strategies.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores
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