Antioxidant potentialities and gastroprotective effect of Reichardia picroides extracts on Ethanol/HCl induced gastric ulcer rats.

The goal of this study was to determine for the first time the polyphenol content, antioxidant, and gastroprotective properties of the roots and leaves of Reichardia picroides. TPC considerably varied as a function of organs and solvent nature and ranged from 50 to 284.80 mg GAE/g DW. Leaves exhibited the highest amount of phenolics by using acetone 70%, the same tendency was observed for antioxidant activity. Besides, in vivo gastro-protective effects following HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer models displayed that roots extract at a high dose (500 mg) seemed to be the best performing extract with a decrease of ulceration index (UI) and an increase in the percentage of protection (PP), SOD, CAT, and GPX activities. All these data have been proved with principal component analysis (PCA). Overall, the results indicated that R. picroides could be considered a valuable source of natural compounds, which are beneficial for human health.

Phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Tunisian medicinal Tamarix africana Poir.

The current study aimed to evaluate Tunisian Tamarix africana Poir biological activities. In this study, novel biological activities of the shoot extracts related to their phenolics investigated. Secondary metabolite contents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of four extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) were investigated. Antioxidant activities were assessed via in vitro and ex vivo assays. Besides, anticancer activity was investigated against human lung carcinoma (A-549) and colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells. The anti-inflammatory ability was evaluated via inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. Methanol and water extracts displayed the highest antioxidant (IC50 = 3.3 and 4.3 µg/mL respectively), which are correlated activities correlated with phenolic contents. Hexane extract exhibited an important anti-inflammatory effect inhibiting NO ability by 100% at 80 µg/mL. Besides, T. africana extracts were found to be active against A-549 lung carcinoma cells with IC50 values ranging from 20 to 34 µg/mL. These results suggested that T. africana is considered as a potential source of readily accessible natural molecules with a promising effect on human health and diseases.

Chemical profiling of maceration and decoction of Tamarix gallica L. organs and in vitro biological properties.

Tamarix gallica L. is a halophytic medicinal shrub traditionally used in the treatment of liver disorders. Leaf and flower infusions are widely used for anti-diarrheic and anti-inflammatory preparations. In this work, we have explored the combined effect of method (Maceration and Decoction) and solvent extraction (70% Methanol, 70% Ethanol, 70% Acetone, and Water) on phenolic composition and biological activities (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) of different T. gallica organ extracts (Leaves, Flowers, Stems, and Fruits). Obtained results showed that Tamarix leaves reveal more potent antioxidant activity. Methanol (70%) was the best maceration solvent for the extraction of leaves and flowers with high total antioxidant and anti-radical capacities. HPLC analysis showed that catechin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, isoquercetin were the major phenolics in 70% methanolic extract. Furthermore, this extract showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity. This prospect could be of great importance in the valuation of this halophyte as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid Alleviates Salt Stress Toxicity in Barley by Suppressing ROS Accumulation and Improving Antioxidant Defense Systems, Compared to Halo- and Gibberellin Priming.

Plants are highly sensitive to various environmental stresses, which can hinder their growth and reduce yields. In this study, we investigated the potential of seed priming with salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and sodium chloride (NaCl) to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress in Hordeum vulgare at the germination and early seedling stages. Exposing H. vulgare seeds to salt stress reduced the final germination percentage and seedling shoot and root growth. Interestingly, all seed treatments significantly improved salt-induced responses, with GA3 being more effective in terms of germination performance, plant growth, and photosynthesis. SA priming exhibited promising effects on antioxidant defense mechanisms, proline, sugar, and ascorbic acid production. Notably, SA priming also suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation and prevented lipid peroxidation. These findings highlight the ability of SA to manage crosstalk within the seed, coordinating many regulatory processes to support plant adaptation to salinity stress.

Does Lycium europaeum leaf have antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects

The purpose of the present investigation is to assess, for the first time, the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Lycium europaeum extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats via a single subcutaneous alloxan injection (120 mg/kg). Lycium europaeum aqueous extract was orally administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were assayed at the end of the experimental period in all investigated groups. Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were sought in the serum and pancreas. Lycium europaeum extract significantly increased HDL-C and reduced blood glucose, TC, LDL-C and TG as compared to the alloxan-control group. Lycium europaeum extract was also efficient in reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats by increasing SOD, CAT and GPx activities both in the pancreas and the plasma of the animals. Moreover, Lycium europaeum extract contained considerable levels of polyphenols and flavonoids. It also exhibited an important antioxidant capacity and a remarkable ability to quench DPPH radicals and reduce irons. The obtained results highlight potentially relevant health beneficial effects of Lycium europaeum extract, reversing hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic and oxidative stress effects in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Therefore, it may be considered as a promising alternative or complementary agent to diabetes treatment.

Phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Tunisian Diplotaxis simplex (Brassicaceae).

This study investigates the polyphenol content of Diplotaxis simplex extract and the biological activities of the main organ. The analysed extracts showed that polyphenol contents varied considerably as a function of organs. Furthermore, novel biological activities of this species were assessed. Flower extracts exhibit a potent in vitro antioxidant capacity using oxygen radical absorbance capacity and displayed a strong anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting nitric oxide release, by 79.3% at 160 µg/mL. Our findings suggested that the Diplotaxis flower is a valuable source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

A new flavonol glycoside from the medicinal halophyte Suaeda fruticosa.

A new flavonol glycoside, namely 3-(α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[ß-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-ß-glucopyranosyloxy) isorhamnetin was reported from methanol extracts of aerial parts of Suaeda fruticosa for the first time. In this work, liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry, high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to identify this new compound. Structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HSQC, HMBC and (1)H-(1)H COSY. Antioxidant potentialities of a pure compound were evaluated. The estimation of antioxidant capacities using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC method) and a cell based-assay (WS1) indicated that this new flavonol exhibited the highest antioxidant activities with an ORAC value of 5.0 ± 0.3 µmol Trolox/µmol and inhibited the tBH-induced oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin with an IC50 value of 4.9 ± 0.6 µM.

The antioxidant properties of new dimer and two monomers of phenolic acid amides isolated from Limoniastrum guyonianum.

Limoniastramide, a new dimer of phenolic acid amide, isolated from Limoniastrum guyonianum, along with two natural monomers N-E-caffeoyl tyramine (1) and N-E-feruloyl tyramine (2), using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. We investigate the antioxidant activities of Limoniastrum amides using various in vitro assays. Results showed that N-E-feruloyl tyramine and N-E-caffeoyl tyramine exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity compared to the dimer (IC50=0.5, 0.6 and 6.5µg/ml, respectively). In addition, they have significant capacities to inhibit the bleaching of ß-carotene. Limoniastramide presented the best activity with an IC50 value equal to 8µg/ml. Finally, the N-E-caffeoyl tyramine showed the highest reducing power (EC50=26µg/ml) compared to the other molecules. The present study found that L. guyonianum amides have effective in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activity which can be used in pharmacological and food industry due to their antioxidant properties.

Variability of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two lettuce varieties under Fe deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Fe deficiency affects food growth and quality in calcareous soils. In this study, the effect of Fe deficiency on growth parameters, phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of two lettuce shoots varieties (Romaine and Vista) were investigated. RESULTS: Fresh matter production, pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) and Fe2+ content were significantly reduced by Fe deficiency in both varieties. However, restriction of these parameters was particularly pronounced in Romaine variety as compared to Vista. Moreover, Fe deficiency caused decreases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, whereas ascorbate peroxidase and malondialdehyde concentrations were not significantly affected. On the other hand, Fe deficiency in Vista variety induced an increase in polyphenol and flavonoid content as compared to Romaine variety. In addition, total antioxidant capacity and antiradical test against DPPH radical decreased in leaves of Romaine variety after 15 days of treatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the higher polyphenol content in Vista variety supports the involvement of these components in the stability of antioxidant capacities and then in its protection against oxidative damage generated by Fe deficiency in lettuce plants.

Isolation of powerful antioxidants from the medicinal halophyte Limoniastrum guyonianum.

The antioxidant capacities of the crude extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate partitions of Limoniastrum guyonianum Boiss. (Zita) were investigated in this study. The ethyl acetate phase exhibited a significant antioxidant activity as judged by total antioxidant activity, DPPH test and reducing power. Fractionation of this extract by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) using quaternary Arizona solvent systems composed of n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water led to ten fractions. The antioxidant capacities of these fractions were assessed using the same previous tests. Fraction 8 showed the highest antioxidant capacity (1291.1mg GAE/g DR), the power ability to quench DPPH radical (IC(50)=2µg/ml) and to reduce Fe(3+) (EC(50)=65µg/ml). From this fraction, three powerful flavonoids were isolated (1-3): gallocatechin (1), epigallocatechin (2) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (3). These findings suggest that the antioxidative property of L. guynianum is may be related to the presence of these flavonoids, which can be used in various industrial fields.

Municipal solid waste compost application improves productivity, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity of Mesembryanthemum edule.

Organic wastes were successfully used as soil amendment to improve agrosystems productivity. Yet, the effectiveness of this practice to enhance plant antioxidant capacities has received little attention. Here, we assess the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (at 40 t ha(-1)) on growth, polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of Mesembryanthemum edule. MSW compost application significantly increased the soil contents of carbon, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium. This was associated with higher nutrient (N, P, and K) uptake, which likely led to the significant improvement of the plant biomass and relative growth rate (RGR) (+93% on average) as compared to the control. In the same way, the fertilizing effect of the added organic matter significantly enhanced the antioxidant potential M. edule, assessed by radical scavenging activity, iron reducing power and ß-carotene bleaching capacity. This was associated with significantly higher antioxidant contents, mainly total phenols and flavonoids. Heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) concentrations were slightly increased upon compost application, but remained lower than phytotoxic values. Overall, our results point out that short-term MSW compost application at 40 t ha(-1) is efficient in enhancing the productivity together with the antioxidant potentiality of M. edule without any adverse environmental impact.