RESUMEN
In an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease in mice, oral administration of trehalose disaccharide reduces neuroinflammation assessed by the expression level of microglia activation marker Iba1 and affects the neutrophil degranulation activity. A potential anti-inflammatory effect of 4% trehalose solution associated with a decrease in the activity of leukocyte elastase in plasma was revealed.
RESUMEN
We studied the possibilities of inhibition of neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in C57Bl/6J mice and transgenic model of early PD stage (5-monthold B6.Cg-Tg(Prnp-SNCA*A53T)23Mkle/J mice) by autophagy activation through mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways with rapamycin and trehalose, respectively. Therapy with autophagy inducers in a "postponed" mode (7 days after MPTP intoxication) restored the expression of the dopaminergic neuron marker tyrosine hydroxylase and markedly improved cognitive function in the conditioned passive avoidance response (CPAR; fear memory). The transgenic model also showed an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the nigrostriatal system of the brain. An enhanced therapeutic effect of the combined treatment with the drugs was revealed on the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, but not in the CPAR test. Thus, activation of both pathways of autophagy regulation in PD models with weakened neuroinflammation can restore the dopaminergic function of neurons and cognitive activity in mice.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/prevención & control , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/farmacología , Adenina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inhibidores mTOR/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/genética , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Enfermedad de Parkinson Secundaria/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad de Parkinson Secundaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson Secundaria/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/genética , Sirolimus/farmacología , Sirolimus/uso terapéutico , Sustancia Negra/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Negra/patología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/fisiología , Trehalosa/farmacología , Trehalosa/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Male rats were exposed to single or repeated (19 days) cold treatment (4°C) and non-cold stress (60-min shaking on a laboratory shuttle device). Retabolil had a hypotensive effect, which was accompanied by the prevention of a stress-induced increase in the concentration of a hypertensive hormone aldosterone. Under conditions of repeated stress, these effects were realized via µ-opioid receptors. Our results suggest that retabolil can be used as a hypotensive and aldosterone-blocking agent, at least during stress exposure in animals (and probably in humans).
Asunto(s)
Aldosterona/sangre , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Masculino , Nandrolona/uso terapéutico , Nandrolona Decanoato , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Opioides mu/metabolismoRESUMEN
In male rats, repeated but not single exposures to stress increased the conversion of corticosterone (CS) to 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHCS), particularly on the background of administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Naltrexone given 20 min before DHEAS at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, at which it selectively blocks mu opioid receptors, prevented this effect of DHEAS, which is evidence that it is mediated by mu opioid receptors. This action of DHEAS involved endogenous ACTH and was thus mediated by central regulatory mechanisms. Our results, along with published data, lead to the first proposed scheme for the physiological regulation of the interconversion of CS and 11-DHCS in conditions of repeated stress with the involvement of DHEAS and mu opioid receptors.
Asunto(s)
Corticosterona/análogos & derivados , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/farmacología , Receptores Opioides mu/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico , Animales , Corticosterona/metabolismo , Masculino , Naltrexona/farmacología , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
In male rats exposed to repeated stress, the decrease in stress reactivity produced by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (recorded by the decrease in stress-induced concentrations of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in blood plasma) was observed 1-6 days postinjection and involved central regulatory mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/uso terapéutico , Estrés Fisiológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiopatología , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/sangre , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Corticosterona/sangre , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Acute stress was accompanied by reduction of 11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone in male rats. The reverse reaction predominated during repeated stress and increased after administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Treatment with mu-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 20 min before administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate abolished this effect.
Asunto(s)
Corticosterona/análogos & derivados , Corticosterona/sangre , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/metabolismo , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Deshidrogenasa de Tipo 1/metabolismo , Animales , Masculino , Naltrexona/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Opioides mu/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate prevented the increase in corticosterone level in rats induced by repeated exposure to stress. The mu-opioid receptor blocker naltrexone administered in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 20 min before treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate abolished the effect of this agent. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and naltrexone had no effect on rats after acute stress.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico , Animales , Corticosterona/sangre , Sulfato de Deshidroepiandrosterona/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Naltrexona/administración & dosificación , Naltrexona/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The relevance of the social contact test "Wall" for evaluation of sexual motivation of male mice was tested and confirmed. Motivation of C57BL/6J male mice with alternative social experience (winners and victims in 10 and 20 daily male-male confrontations) was evaluated. Elevated primary sexual interest was detected in aggressive animals after 10 confrontations, while in submissive animals this interest was decreased; however after 20 confrontations sexual motivation in both groups was characterized by rapid exhaustion and low basal level of testosterone. Hence, the sexual function of male mice is inhibited under conditions of long social conflicts irrespective of previous experience of victories or defeats in male-male confrontations.