Evaluation of the effects of 2 different adhesive-coated bracket systems on white spot lesion formation.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effects of 2 different adhesive-precoated (APC) bracket systems on white spot lesions (WSLs). METHODS: The study had a split-mouth design, and 34 patients were included. The APC Flash-Free (FF) and APC II system brackets were used. At the end of the treatment, digital photographs of each tooth were taken, the WSLs were scored, and lesion areas were calculated. In the same session, the mineralization level of the teeth was measured by DIAGNOdent. The 2 bracket systems were compared in terms of bonding time. RESULTS: There was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the number of WSLs or the size of the lesion areas. In the maxillary arch, 55.3% of the teeth in the FF group and 61.2% in the control group were healthy. In the mandibular arch, no lesions occurred in 61.2% of the teeth in the FF group and 64.7% of the control group. In the evaluation of DIAGNOdent measurements, WSL formation was detected in 3 teeth in the FF group and 4 in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the evaluation of bonding times. CONCLUSIONS: The effects did not differ between FF and conventional brackets in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The use of FF brackets significantly shortened the bonding time.

Effectiveness of surface polishing after debonding of metal brackets from different CAD-CAM materials.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to compare and evaluate the surface texture of different restorative computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials before bonding and after debonding of metal orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 rectangular ceramic test specimens (n = 20 in each group) were prepared using feldspathic ceramic blocks (FLD; served as control), hybrid ceramic blocks (HC), and lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (LDC). Surface roughness (Ra) analysis was conducted using a profilometer before bonding the metal brackets. After the debonding and polishing procedures, a second surface roughness analysis was conducted on each specimen. The shear bond strength (SBS) test was applied to each specimen using a universal test machine for debonding the metal brackets. The debonded specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and scored using a 4-step adhesive remnant index (ARI). The Ra and SBS values and the ARI scores were saved, and the data were analyzed statistically at a significance level of 0.05. One specimen from each group was examined under atomic force microscopy to visualize surface roughness. Furthermore, one specimen from each group was additionally prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in SBS measurements were observed between all three groups. The highest SBS values were obtained from the FLD group, the lowest from the LDC group. The HC group showed significantly (P = 0.001) lower Ra values than the LDC and FLD groups after debonding and polishing. No significant differences were observed in the ARI scores between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid ceramics could be a suitable alternative for fixed restorations in adult patients receiving subsequent treatments with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Comparison of orthodontic root resorption of root-filled and vital teeth using micro-computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the difference in orthodontic root resorption between root-filled and vital teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen individuals who required bilateral premolar tooth extraction due to orthodontic treatment and had a previously root-filled premolar tooth on one side were included in the study. The experimental group consisted of root-filled premolar teeth, and the control group consisted of contralateral vital premolar teeth. A 150-g buccally directed force was applied to these teeth using 0.017 × 0.025-inch TMA cantilever springs. The premolars were extracted 8 weeks after the application of force. Images were obtained using micro-computed tomography. Resorption measurements were obtained using the Image J program. RESULTS: The mean values for resorption were 0.08869 mm3 for the root-filled teeth and 0.14077 mm3 for the contralateral teeth, indicating significantly less resorption for the root-filled teeth compared with the contralateral teeth after the application of orthodontic force (P = .003). In both groups, the most resorption was seen on the cervical-buccal and apical-lingual surfaces. The mean resorption value of the cervical region was 0.06305 mm3 in the control group and 0.0291 mm3 in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Root-filled teeth showed significantly less orthodontic root resorption than vital teeth.

Effectiveness of an antibacterial primer used with adhesive-coated brackets on enamel demineralization around brackets: an in vivo study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to assess the clinical effect of an antibacterial monomer-containing primer on preventing white spot lesions (WSLs) during fixed orthodontic treatment. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The study included 35 patients. A split-mouth design was used during bonding of the brackets. In Clearfil (CF) group, adhesive-coated brackets (APC Plus Victory series, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded with an antibacterial monomer-containing primer (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan). In Transbond (TB) group, the same adhesive-coated brackets were bonded using a conventional primer (Transbond XT Primer; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). The mean duration of orthodontic treatment was 16 months. Digital images of each tooth were used to assess the WSLs. The areas of the WSLs were measured with a software. The bond failures during orthodontic treatment were also recorded. RESULTS: After fixed orthodontic treatment, 23 of the 35 patients showed one or more WSLs. Of the total of 666 teeth, 114 WSLs occurred over the orthodontic treatment time. Rates of WSL in the CF and TB groups were 8.03% and 9.24%, respectively. The difference in WSL rates between the two groups was not statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in the lesion areas between the groups. Moreover, the difference in bracket failure rates between the two groups was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term clinical study indicated no significant difference between the antibacterial monomer-containing primer group and the control group in the efficacy of reducing demineralization throughout the orthodontic treatment.

Hemostatic effects of adrenaline and Ankaferd (blood stopper) during orthodontic attachment bonding

Background/aim: Moisture prevention during the bonding of orthodontic attachments on impacted teeth is crucial for accomplishment. It was aimed to compare the hemostatic effects of adrenaline and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) during the surgical exposure of the impacted maxillary canine. Materials and methods: The study consists of 20 patients, whose orthodontic treatments were outlined with the surgical exposure of maxillary impacted canine. Patients were divided into groups of 10; where each group was treated with one of the two medicines to control bleeding. Group A was treated with adrenaline, and group B was treated with Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS). The bleeding period was recorded as the time from the exposure of the crown until the inception of bonding. Results: It was observed that both the bleeding period and the cumulative duration were significantly shorter in group B (the ABS group) than in group A (the adrenaline group) (P < 0.05), but no significant deviation in bonding times was recorded. Conclusion: ABS is a good alternative hemostatic agent for the prevention of bleeding at the surgical exposure of impacted teeth without affecting the bonding.

In vivo effect of antibacterial and fluoride-releasing adhesives on enamel demineralization around brackets: A micro-CT study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the preventive effect of two different adhesives on enamel demineralization and compare these adhesives with a conventional one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients requiring the extraction of their first four premolars for orthodontic treatment were included in the study. One premolar was randomly selected, and an antibacterial monomer-containing and fluoride-releasing adhesive (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray Medical, Okayama, Japan) was used for orthodontic bracket bonding. Another premolar was randomly selected, and a fluoride-releasing and recharging orthodontic adhesive (Opal Seal, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) was used. One premolar was assigned as a control, and a conventional adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was used. The teeth were extracted after 8 weeks, and the demineralization areas of the 45 extracted teeth were analyzed using microcomputed tomography with software. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the white spot lesion (WSL) rates of the adhesives (P > .05). The volumes of the WSLs varied from 0 to 0.019349 mm3. Although Opal Seal showed the smallest lesion volumes, there was no significant difference in volumetric measurements of the lesions among the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated no significant differences between the preventive effects of the adhesives used in this in vivo study over 8 weeks.

Maxillary sinus volume in patients with impacted canines.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the maxillary sinus volumes in unilaterally impacted canine patients and to compare the volumetric changes that occur after the eruption of canines to the dental arch using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre- (T0) and posttreatment (T1) CBCT records of 30 patients were used to calculate maxillary sinus volumes between the impacted and erupted canine sides. The InVivoDental 5.0 program was used to measure the volume of the maxillary sinuses. The distance from impacted canine cusp tip to the target point on the palatal plane was also measured. RESULTS: Right maxillary sinus volume was statistically significantly smaller compared to that of the left maxillary sinus when the canine was impacted on the right side at T0. According to the T1 measurements there was no significant difference between the mean volumes of the impaction side and the contralateral side. The distance from the canine tip to its target point on the palatal plane were 17.17 mm, and the distance from the tip to the target point was 15.14 mm for the left- and right-side impacted canines, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the mean amount of change of both sides of maxillary sinuses after treatment of impacted canines. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment of impacted canines created a significant increase in maxillary sinus volume when the impacted canines were closer with respect to the maxillary sinus.

In-vitro bond strengths and clinical failure rates of metal brackets bonded with different light-emitting diode units and curing times.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical failure rates and the in-vitro bond strengths of metal brackets bonded with different light-emitting diode (LED) devices and curing times. METHODS: Forty patients were included in the clinical part of this study. A split-mouth design was used, with the adhesive in group 1 cured for 10 seconds with an LED unit (Elipar S10; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), and the adhesive in group 2 cured for 3 seconds with another LED unit (VALO Ortho; Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah). Bond failures during 12 months of orthodontic treatment were recorded. In-vitro performance of the brackets was also compared by bonding brackets to extracted premolars and using the same light units and curing times (n = 20 for each group). The adhesive remnant index was used to determine the bond failure interface. RESULTS: Clinical bond failure rates were 2.90% for the Elipar and 3.16% for the VALO curing units. The difference in bracket failure rates between the 2 LED devices was not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found between the in-vitro bond strengths of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings regarding long-term clinical survival rates and in-vitro bond strengths indicate that bracket bonding can be safely accomplished in 10 seconds of light-curing with an Elipar LED and 3 seconds of light-curing with a VALO LED.

The Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Involving Both Jaws.

Supernumerary teeth are frequently seen anomalies however its occurrence in both jaws is rare without being associated with complex syndromes. This case report describes the orthodontic and surgical treatment of a 13-year-old boy with nonsyndromal multiple and abnormal supernumerary teeth. The patient had several erupted and unerupted supernumerary teeth involving both jaws. Two abnormal tuberculate type erupted supernumerary teeth were present at the site of upper central incisors which leads to the impaction of the permanent incisors. In this report, clinical and radiographic evaluation as well as the treatment alternatives of this rare case was presented.

Displacement of maxillary canines after facemask treatment: a case report.

The aim of case report is to present the displacement of maxillary canines after orthopedic treatment. A 9 year-old male patient with Class III malocclusion had treated by facemask treatment combination with rapid maxillary expansion and orthopedic changes were obtained. After two years, palatally impactions of maxillary canines were observed.

Evaluation of the soft tissue treatment simulation module of a computerized cephalometric program.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the treatment simulation module of Quick Ceph Studio (QCS) program to the actual treatment results in Class II Division 1 patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six skeletal Class II patients treated with functional appliances were included. T0 and T1 lateral cephalograms were digitized using QCS. Before applying treatment simulation to the digitized cephalograms, the actual T0-T1 difference was calculated for the SNA, SNB, ANB angles, maxillary incisor inclination, and protrusion and mandibular incisor inclination and protrusion values. Next, using the treatment simulation module, the aforementioned values for the T0 cephalograms were manually entered to match the actual T1 values taking into account the T0-T1 differences. Paired sample t-test were applied to determine the difference between actual and treatment simulation measurements. RESULTS: No significant differences were found for the anteroposterior location of the landmarks. Upper lip, soft tissue A point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue B point measurements showed statistically significant difference between actual and treatment simulation in the vertical plane. CONCLUSION: Quick Ceph program was reliable in terms of reflecting the sagittal changes that would probably occur with treatment and growth. However, vertical positions of the upper lip, soft tissue pogonion, soft tissue A point, and soft tissue B point were statistically different from actual results.