RESUMEN
Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a benign neuroectodermal tumor typically in the dermis or subcutis, although deep soft tissues and organs are occasionally involved. Multifocal GCTs are estimated to occur as many as 10% of patients. A 40-year-old female presented with multiple GCTs asynchronously involving various body sites including gastrointestinal, gynecologic, breast, urinary, and soft tissue systems. Pathologic examinations suggested benign GCTs. TruSight Tumor 170 next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis performed on four resected tumors revealed subclonal mutation of PIK3CA p.H1047R identified in the esophageal GCT but not in the right vulva or the two cecal GCTs, suggesting that each is a primary tumor with a distinct genetic profile, rather than metastasis. PIK3CA p.H1047R is a common mutation in many cancers. Our benign GCT case demonstrates PIK3CA mutation with a low mutant allele frequency of 7%, which may represent an evolving subclone and might confer a more aggressive behavior.
RESUMEN
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
RESUMEN
The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) latrophilin 3 (ADGRL3) has been associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use in human genetic studies. Knockdown in multiple species leads to hyperlocomotion and altered dopamine signaling. Thus, ADGRL3 is a potential target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders that involve dopamine dysfunction, but its basic signaling properties are poorly understood. Identification of adhesion GPCR signaling partners has been limited by a lack of tools to acutely activate these receptors in living cells. Here, we design a novel acute activation strategy to characterize ADGRL3 signaling by engineering a receptor construct in which we could trigger acute activation enzymatically. Using this assay, we found that ADGRL3 signals through G12/G13 and Gq, with G12/13 the most robustly activated. Gα12/13 is a new player in ADGRL3 biology, opening up unexplored roles for ADGRL3 in the brain. Our methodological advancements should be broadly useful in adhesion GPCR research.
