Retraction Note: MALAT2-activated long noncoding RNA indicates a biomarker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

MALAT2-activated long noncoding RNA indicates a biomarker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the long noncoding RNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 2 (MALAT2) in the prognosis of stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) patients. The expression of MALAT2 was evaluated in cancer tissues from 146 stage II/III GC patients undergoing radical resection and 60 paired normal samples using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Differences in the expression of MALAT2 between 23 GC and paired normal colonic mucosa samples were analysed with the Wilcoxon test. Relationships between the expression level of MALAT2, patient clinico-pathological parameters and disease-free survival and overall survival were analysed using the uni-variate Kaplan-Meier method and the multivariate COX regression model. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that MALAT2 was frequently over-expressed in cancer tissues and this over-expression was found to significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis and tumor stage. The ectopic expression of MALAT2 contributed to the migration of human GC SGC-7901 cells, whereas knockdown of MALAT2 inhibited the migration of the SGC-7901 cells in vitro. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the migratory effects revealed that MALAT2 induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through an MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanism as treatment with the MEK inhibitor, U0126, decreased migration and reversed the EMT in the MALAT2 over-expressed SGC-7901 cells. The expression of MALAT2 is upregulated in GC tissues, and a higher expression level of MALAT2 might serve as a negative prognostic marker in stage II/III GC patients which implies the potential application of MALAT2 in the therapeutic treatment of GC.Cancer Gene Therapy advance online publication, 27 February 2015; doi:10.1038/cgt.2015.6.

Glucose-6-phosphatase as a marker for tumors of liver and kidney origin.

Glucose-6-phosphatase is primarily a liver and kidney enzyme. This enzyme was studied in various tumors, however, glucose-6-phosphatase activity was found only in tumors of liver, kidney, or adrenal origin. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was useful in identifying the tissue origin of extrarenal Wilms'. Metastatic tumors within the liver or kidney that originated from other tissues did not have glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Therefore, it is suggested that glucose-6-phosphatase can be used as a specific enzyme marker for tumors of liver and kidney origin.

Partial splenic embolization in the management of thalassemia major.

Six patients with beta-thalassemia major underwent partial splenic embolization as an alternative to splenectomy. One patient required 2 embolizations. All 6 patients showed a marked reduction in transfusion requirements. Transfusion requirements fell to a level within that reported by other authors following total splenectomy, although significantly above that of a group of patients from the same institution who underwent total splenectomy. It is felt that this procedure provides an acceptable alternative to splenectomy in these patients with the possible preservation of some splenic immune function.

Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization of children with sickle cell disease. I. Clinical reactions to immunization and relationship to preimmunization antibody.

Vaccine reaction data were obtained from 154 patients with sickle cell disease immunized with tetradecavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. There was a high rate (70%) of mild reactions, primarily at the site of injection. Fever over 100 degrees F was uncommon and precipitation of symptoms similar to sickling crisis was rare. Development of local reactions was associated with the level of preimmunization pneumococcal antibody titer.

Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization of children with sickle cell disease. II. Serologic response and pneumococcal disease following immunization.

One-hundred seventy-four children with sickle cell disease (SCD) were immunized with a single dose of tetradecavalent pneumococcal vaccine. Preimmunization and postimmunization antibody against 13 of the 14 pneumococcal capsular antigens was measured by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). The ability of each antigen to stimulate antibody following immunization was characterized by one of three types of responses: (1) poor antibody response regardless of the age at immunization (capsular types 6A, 14, and 19F); (2) improving antibody response with advancing age at immunization (capsular types 1, 4, 9N, 12F, 18C, and 23F); and (3) good antibody response regardless of age at immunization (capsular types 2, 3, 7F, and 8). An increase in antibody following immunization was significantly correlated (P less than 0.0005) with an increasing level of preimmunization antibody titer for all 13 antigens. Through the first 24 months of study, two episodes of pneumococcal sepsis caused by group 23 pneumococci were documented in two children immunized prior to 24 months of age (incidence rate, 4.40/100 patient-years in children less than 5 years of age), and one additional episode caused by a group 23 pneumococcus occurred in a 5 7/12-year-old child (incidence rate, 0.66/100 patient-years in children greater than 5 years of age). These observations suggest that anamnestic immune response significantly contributed to the enhanced antibody response observed in older children and adults. Only modest vaccine efficacy may be expected among children with SCD who receive a single dose of pneumococcal vaccine.

The use of bacteria as markers of leukemic lymphocytes and for the isolation of natural killer cells.

Human lymphocyte subpopulations as well as leukemic lymphocytes can be identified and enumerated in blood smears by using bacteria that bind spontaneously to lymphocytes or by using bacteria to which antibodies are chemically coupled. The mechanism of natural binding of bacteria to lymphocytes was shown to involve a lectin on the lymphocyte surface and a carbohydrate on the bacteria. Also, we found that natural killer (NK) cells can be separated by negative selection using monolayers of bacteria. A subpopulation of T cells, identified by their binding of B. globigii, was shown to be suppressors for NK cells.

The effect of epinephrine on granulocyte adhesion.

Preincubation of blood from normal human volunteers with epinephrine significantly decreased the granulocytes ability to adhere to nylon fibres. Possible significance for the in vivo correlation is discussed.