[Influence of the blood gas composition and mechanical ventilation parameters of the medical evacuation prognosis of critically ill patients.]

The clinical estimation of the state of patient is one of the basic components of the checking of the state of patient, but more precise and more objective indices today become necessary. The arterial blood gases analysis helps to select the optimum regime of mechanical ventilation. The medical evacuation of the critically ill patients frequently requires the correction of the parameters of respiratory support. The conducted investigations showed that the prognostics of unfavorable outcome within the first three days from the moment of the medical evacuation are hypercapnia, which exists during the process of evacuation in spite of the correction of the parameters of mechanical ventilation, reduction in the saturation of the arterial blood. The forecast of the medical evacuation is located as well in the direct correlation with the manifestation of acidosis, and at the moment of the completion of the transfer of the patient the greatest prognostic significance they possess the low level of the partial tension of oxygen in the artery. The application of a portable express- analyzer of blood gases permits implementation of correction parameters of respiratory support and to increase quality and safety of the medical evacuation of patients.

Porphyrin­silver nanoparticles hybrids: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity.

The preparation of light-activated hybrid antibacterial agent combining the porphyrin molecules, bound to the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) surface is reported. AgNPs were synthesized by N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-initiated reduction without additional reducing agents. The chemical structure of protoporphyrin IX was modified with the aim to introduce thiol groups. The size distribution and shape features of AgNPs were checked using TEM and HRTEM microscopies. The introduction of thiol groups into the porphyrin was proved by IR spectroscopy. The AgNPs-porphyrin binding was performed in solution and confirmed by fluorescence quenching, Raman spectroscopy and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). The antibacterial tests were performed against S. epidermidis and E. coli upon to LED illumination and in the dark. The synergetic effect of AgNPs and porphyrin as well as light activation of the created antibacterial conjugates were observed.

The mitochondrial protein TCAIM regulates activation of T cells and thereby promotes tolerance induction of allogeneic transplants.

Primary T cell activation and effector cell differentiation is required for rejection of allogeneic grafts in naïve recipients. It has become evident, that mitochondria play an important role for T cell activation. Expression of several mitochondrial proteins such as TCAIM (T cell activation inhibitor, mitochondrial) is down-regulated upon T cell receptor triggering. Here we report that TCAIM inhibited spontaneous development of memory and effector T cells. CD4(+) T cells from Tcaim knock-in (KI) mice showed reduced activation, cytokine secretion and proliferation in vitro. Tcaim KI T cells tolerated allogeneic skin grafts upon transfer into Rag-1 KO mice. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from these mice did not infiltrate skin grafts and kept a naïve or central memory phenotype, respectively. They were unable to acquire effector phenotype and functions. TCAIM altered T cell activation-induced mitochondrial distribution and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. Thus, TCAIM controls T cell activation and promotes tolerance induction probably by regulating TCR-mediated mitochondrial distribution and mROS production.

[Resection of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava].

Experience in treatment of leiomyosarcoma of the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava at any separately taken clinic is scarce. Given a rare nature of the pathology involved, whose diagnosis and management require joint participation of various-specialty physicians, we have considered it wise to present our own clinical case report.

[Surgical treatment of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava].

The presented review of the literature is generalization of the currently existing data of foreign and Russian literature concerning treatment of a rare non-organic retroperitoneal tumour from smooth-muscle tissue, i. e., leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. The authors also formulate and lay down the basic principles of surgical interventions depending on the scope and level of the lesion, as well statistical analysis of the outcomes of surgical management of the this severely ill patient cohort.

[Clinical peculiarities of posttraumatic arteriovenous fistulas].

Analysed herein are clinical manifestations of, and outcomes of successful surgical management for postoperative arteriovenous fistulas.

Intracerebral development of transplanted glioblastoma C6 cells in rats after preliminary exposure to neuropeptides and an MAPK inhibitor.

The invasive growth, proliferation, and transcriptional regulation of glioma C6 cells treated with endothelin-1 and PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2 were studied. The proliferation of glioma C6 cells was assessed in different growth conditions by prior in vitro treatment with endothelin-1 followed by implantation into the brain. In vitro studies showed that PD98059 inhibited the proliferation of cultured glioma C6 cells and activated transcription factors E2F1 and Myc-Max. Endothelin-1 significantly increased the proliferation of glioma C6 cells. The model used in this study was experimental and may allow the specific features of the in vitro behavior of cultured invasive cells to be identified.

[Intracerebral progression of the transplanted rat C6 glioblastoma cells pretreated with neuropeptides and MAPK inhibitor].

The authors have monitored C6 glioma cell invasive growth, proliferation and transcriptional regulation after pretreatment with endothelin-1 and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059. To explore proliferation of C6 glioma cells in different growth conditions, they were treated in vitro with endothelin-1 and implanted into the brain. In vitro studies have indicated that PD98059 inhibited the proliferation of cultured C6 glioma cells and induced the activation of E2F1 and Myc-Max transcriptional factors. Endothelin-1 strongly increased C6 glioma cell proliferation. The model used in this study is experimental, but it may provide an insight into the specific behavior of in vitro cultured invasive cells.

[Forensic and medical aspects of lethality from thromboembolytic complications of trauma, diseases and certain pathological conditions]. / Sudebno-meditsinskie aspekty letal'nykh iskhodov ot tromboémbolicheskikh oslozhnenii travm, zabolevanii i nekotorykh patologicheskikh sostoianii.

A total of 743 lethal outcomes of thromboembolytic complications of trauma, diseases and certain pathological conditions as observed in 1999-2001 and in the three quarters of 2002 were studied. The undertaken analysis confirmed two factors provoking the pathological thrombosis, i.e. 1. Pathological changes observed in the surface vascular wall preconditioned by mechanical damages, atherosclerotic process and aging; and 2. A slower blood flow due to an impaired blood circulation, a forced positioning and to hypodynamics. While deciding on a possibility of a direct cause-effect relation between past traumas, surgeries, poisonings and death of thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries (TEPA), such relation can be mentioned only on rare occasions. It is more often the case that an indirect, mediated relationship is found, when TERA evolves due to an unfavorable combination of risk factors, i.e. a forced immobility, changing coagulated blood system, impaired blood vessels etc.

[Various aspects of thanatogenesis and forensic medical diagnosis of combined poisoning with ethanol and psychotropic substances]. / Nekotorye aspekty tanatogeneza i sudebno-meditsinskoi étanolom i psikhotropnymi sredstvami.

Epidemiological and some medicolegal aspects of fatal poisonings with basic groups of psychotropic drugs in combination with ethanol are discussed and some recommendations concerning the improvement of medicolegal diagnosis of such poisonings are presented.