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1.
Adm Policy Ment Health ; 50(6): 999-1009, 2023 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37689586

RESUMEN

While there are many data-driven approaches to identifying individuals at risk of suicide, they tend to focus on clinical risk factors, such as previous psychiatric hospitalizations, and rarely include risk factors that occur in nonclinical settings, such as jails or emergency shelters. A better understanding of system-level encounters by individuals at risk of suicide could help inform suicide prevention efforts. In Philadelphia, we built a community-level data infrastructure that encompassed suicide death records, behavioral health claims, incarceration episodes, emergency housing episodes, and involuntary commitment petitions to examine a broader spectrum of suicide risk factors. Here, we describe the development of the data infrastructure, present key trends in suicide deaths in Philadelphia, and, for the Medicaid-eligible population, determine whether suicide decedents were more likely to interact with the behavioral health, carceral, and housing service systems compared to Medicaid-eligible Philadelphians who did not die by suicide. Between 2003 and 2018, there was an increase in the number of annual suicide deaths among Medicaid-eligible individuals, in part due to changes in Medicaid eligibility. There were disproportionately more suicide deaths among Black and Hispanic individuals who were Medicaid-eligible, who were younger on average, compared to suicide decedents who were never Medicaid-eligible. However, when we accounted for the racial and ethnic composition of the Medicaid population at large, we found that White individuals were four times as likely to die by suicide, while Asian, Black, Hispanic, and individuals of other races were less likely to die by suicide. Overall, 58% of individuals who were Medicaid-eligible and died by suicide had at least one Medicaid-funded behavioral health claim, 10% had at least one emergency housing episode, 25% had at least one incarceration episode, and 22% had at least one involuntary commitment. By developing a data infrastructure that can incorporate a broader spectrum of risk factors for suicide, we demonstrate how communities can harness administrative data to inform suicide prevention efforts. Our findings point to the need for suicide prevention in nonclinical settings such as jails and emergency shelters, and demonstrate important trends in suicide deaths in the Medicaid population.


Asunto(s)
Medicaid , Suicidio , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Humanos , Philadelphia/epidemiología , Prevención del Suicidio , Factores de Riesgo
2.
Front Chem ; 10: 988227, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36339045

RESUMEN

The spectral quality of sunlight reaching plants remains a path for optimization in greenhouse cultivation. Quantum dots represent a novel, emission-tunable luminescent material for optimizing the sunlight spectrum in greenhouses with minimal intensity loss, ultimately enabling improved light use efficiency of plant growth without requiring electricity. In this study, greenhouse films containing CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots were utilized to absorb and convert ultraviolet and blue photons from sunlight to a photoluminescent emission centered at 600 nm. To analyze the effects of the quantum dot film spectrum on plant production, a 25-week tomato trial was conducted in Dutch glass greenhouses. Plants under the quantum dot film experienced a 14% reduction in overall daily light integral, resulting from perpendicular photosynthetically active radiation transmission of 85.3%, mainly due to reflection losses. Despite this reduction in intensity, the modified sunlight spectrum and light diffusion provided by the quantum dot film gave rise to 5.7% improved saleable production yield, nearly identical total fruiting biomass production, 23% higher light use efficiency (g/mol), 10% faster vegetative growth rate, and 36% reduced tomato waste compared to the control, which had no additional films. Based on this result, materials incorporating quantum dots show promise in enabling passive, electricity-free spectrum modification for improving crop production in greenhouse cultivation, but extensive controlled crop studies are needed to further validate their effectiveness.

3.
Commun Biol ; 4(1): 124, 2021 01 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33504914

RESUMEN

Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) involving plants will be required to realize self-sustaining human settlements beyond Earth. To improve plant productivity in BLSS, the quality of the solar spectrum can be modified by lightweight, luminescent films. CuInS2/ZnS quantum dot (QD) films were used to down-convert ultraviolet/blue photons to red emissions centered at 600 and 660 nm, resulting in increased biomass accumulation in red romaine lettuce. All plant growth parameters, except for spectral quality, were uniform across three production environments. Lettuce grown under the 600 and 660 nm-emitting QD films respectively increased edible dry mass (13 and 9%), edible fresh mass (11% each), and total leaf area (8 and 13%) compared with under a control film containing no QDs. Spectral modifications by the luminescent QD films improved photosynthetic efficiency in lettuce and could enhance productivity in greenhouses on Earth, or in space where, further conversion is expected from greater availability of ultraviolet photons.


Asunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas , Ambiente Controlado , Lactuca , Puntos Cuánticos , Espectro de Acción/métodos , Espectro de Acción/normas , Biofortificación/métodos , Calibración , Cobre/química , Productos Agrícolas/química , Productos Agrícolas/efectos de la radiación , Radiación Electromagnética , Humanos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lactuca/metabolismo , Lactuca/efectos de la radiación , Luz , Fotosíntesis/efectos de la radiación , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de la radiación , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Actividad Solar , Sulfuros/química , Compuestos de Zinc/química
4.
Pediatr Dermatol ; 28(4): 476-7, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20553397

RESUMEN

Trichophyton tonsurans is currently the leading cause of tinea capitis, but was only introduced into the United States less than six decades ago. In this study, we found a prevalence of 11% in Birmingham, Alabama, which is similar to earlier reports from other geographic regions. Despite previous reports concerning escalation, the prevalence appears to be stable over the past decade.


Asunto(s)
Tiña del Cuero Cabelludo/epidemiología , Alabama/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Cuero Cabelludo/microbiología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Trichophyton/aislamiento & purificación
5.
J Am Acad Dermatol ; 58(4): 650-2, 2008 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18249464

RESUMEN

Leishmaniasis, an infection caused by various species of Leishmania protozoa, is usually transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. The clinical presentations are extremely diverse and dependent on a variety of host and parasitic factors. Although rare in the United States, cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in south-central Texas. At this time, no autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are known to have been reported in north Texas. We report 9 autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis obtained in residents of north Texas. None of these patients had any travel history to areas known to be endemic for Leishmania.


Asunto(s)
Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Niño , Enfermedades Endémicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Texas/epidemiología
6.
Am J Dermatopathol ; 29(6): 564-5, 2007 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18032953

RESUMEN

Epidermal inclusion (infundibular) cysts are common tumors encountered in the practice of dermatology and dermatopathology. Although benign, numerous pathological processes, including benign and malignant tumors, inflammatory dermatoses, and certain infectious entities, have been reported to occur within the epithelial lining of infundibular cysts. We report a rare case of malignant melanoma in situ involving the epithelium of an epidermal inclusion cyst in contiguity with an adjacent malignant melanoma.


Asunto(s)
Quiste Epidérmico/patología , Melanoma/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia , Quiste Epidérmico/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/complicaciones , Lesiones Precancerosas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cutáneas/complicaciones
7.
J Drugs Dermatol ; 5(4): 339-40, 2006 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16673801

RESUMEN

Nail psoriasis can be debilitating and as therapeutic options are limited, it can be notoriously difficult to treat. As there are many new medications currently undergoing clinical trials in psoriasis, questions have arisen concerning the effectiveness of these new therapies with regard to psoriatic nail disease. We present the results of a prospective, open-label, proof of concept study to determine the efficacy and safety of alefacept in subjects with moderate to severe nail psoriasis.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Uña/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Alefacept , Esquema de Medicación , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento
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