RESUMEN
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 may affect both central and peripheral nervous systems. Unlike in adults, in whom majority of severe cases derive from respiratory complications, neurological involvement is one of the main causes of severe COVID-19 in children. This study aimed to detect viral respiratory pathogens, mainly SARS-CoV-2, in nasopharynx and cerebrospinal fluid samples utilizing qRT-PCR (TaqMan) in a pediatric population in Brazil. We evaluated four children with neurological symptoms and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: three presenting with meningoencephalitis and one presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. All four patients had mild respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was identified in two cerebrospinal fluid samples. SARS-CoV-2 involvement should be considered for differential diagnosis in pediatric cases presenting neurological alterations even if symptoms such as headache, anosmia, or dizziness are absent.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the performance in phonological processing skills, reading speed and reading comprehension before and after phonological remediation in a restricted group of schoolchildren with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with dyslexia. METHODS: Thirty-two schoolchildren from the 2nd to 8th year of Elementary School of both genders, with diagnosis of ADHD and Dyslexia according to the DSM-5, participated in this study. All patients underwent Phonological Remediation Program consisted of 18 weekly sessions. RESULTS: The results, expressed in z scores, showed a statistically significant difference between before and after remediation assessments in phonological processing skills, such as syllabic and phonemic awareness, working memory and lexical access. Rhyming task was analyzed separately because it represents another level of segmentation and, for this result, there was no significance. Besides these results, there was a statistically significant difference in reading speed and reading comprehension. CONCLUSION: The phonological remediation program contributes to the development of phonological processing, reading speed and reading comprehension in this population.
OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho da avaliação do processamento fonológico, velocidade de leitura e compreensão de texto antes e depois da aplicação de um programa de remediação fonológica em um grupo restrito de escolares com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e dislexia. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 32 escolares do 2º ao 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de TDAH e dislexia de acordo com o DSM-5, atendidos no Ambulatório de Neurologia Infantil do IPPMG/UFRJ. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica, que consistiu em 18 sessões semanais. RESULTADOS: Os resultados, expressos em escore z, indicaram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as avaliações pré e pós-remediação nas habilidades do processamento fonológico, como em consciência silábica e fonêmica, memória de trabalho e acesso lexical. A tarefa de rima foi analisada separadamente, pois é considerada uma tarefa com nível de segmentação distinto de outros níveis silábicos e, para este resultado não houve significância. Além desses, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa também nos testes que medem velocidade de leitura e compreensão de texto. CONCLUSÃO: O programa de remediação fonológica contribui para o desenvolvimento do processamento fonológico, leitura e compreensão textual nesta população.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Dislexia , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lingüística , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Fonética , LecturaRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho da avaliação do processamento fonológico, velocidade de leitura e compreensão de texto antes e depois da aplicação de um programa de remediação fonológica em um grupo restrito de escolares com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e dislexia. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 32 escolares do 2º ao 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de TDAH e dislexia de acordo com o DSM-5, atendidos no Ambulatório de Neurologia Infantil do IPPMG/UFRJ. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao programa de remediação fonológica, que consistiu em 18 sessões semanais. Resultados: Os resultados, expressos em escore z, indicaram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as avaliações pré e pós-remediação nas habilidades do processamento fonológico, como em consciência silábica e fonêmica, memória de trabalho e acesso lexical. A tarefa de rima foi analisada separadamente, pois é considerada uma tarefa com nível de segmentação distinto de outros níveis silábicos e, para este resultado não houve significância. Além desses, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa também nos testes que medem velocidade de leitura e compreensão de texto. Conclusão: O programa de remediação fonológica contribui para o desenvolvimento do processamento fonológico, leitura e compreensão textual nesta população.
ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the performance in phonological processing skills, reading speed and reading comprehension before and after phonological remediation in a restricted group of schoolchildren with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with dyslexia. Methods: Thirty-two schoolchildren from the 2nd to 8th year of Elementary School of both genders, with diagnosis of ADHD and Dyslexia according to the DSM-5, participated in this study. All patients underwent Phonological Remediation Program consisted of 18 weekly sessions. Results: The results, expressed in z scores, showed a statistically significant difference between before and after remediation assessments in phonological processing skills, such as syllabic and phonemic awareness, working memory and lexical access. Rhyming task was analyzed separately because it represents another level of segmentation and, for this result, there was no significance. Besides these results, there was a statistically significant difference in reading speed and reading comprehension. Conclusion: The phonological remediation program contributes to the development of phonological processing, reading speed and reading comprehension in this population.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Dislexia , Lectura , Fonética , Lingüística , Memoria a Corto PlazoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Scholastic achievement in a nonclinical sample of ADHD children and adolescents was evaluated taking into consideration variables such as comorbid learning disorders, family income, and parental education which may also be associated with poor academic performance. METHOD: After screening for ADHD in 396 students, the authors compared academic performance of 26 ADHD individuals and 31 controls paired for gender, age, and intelligence level considering both mathematics and Portuguese language scores. Learning disorders were investigated and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV ) criteria were met using structured interviews. RESULTS: The prevalence of academic underachievement was 2.98 times higher in students with ADHD, the most frequent subtype being predominantly inattentive. Parental educational level, family income, and comorbid learning disorders could not explain the discrepancies between ADHD students and controls. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD seems to be associated with poor academic performance even in the absence of comorbid learning disorders, lower family income, and parental educational level.
