Exploring the Complexities: Understanding the Clinicopathological Spectrum of Tuberculosis in the Head-and-neck Region.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) affecting the head-and-neck area can often resemble cancer, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. A better understanding of this condition is necessary for early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. This study examines the clinical and pathological characteristics of different types of TB in the head-and-neck region. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed patients diagnosed with TB in the head-and-neck region at a health center between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2024. The study population consisted of patients who were diagnosed with TB of the head and neck. RESULTS: The study analyzed data from 30 patients, comprising 14 (47%) males and 16 (53%) females, all of whom tested negative for HIV. Most cases (15, 50%) were observed in the age group of 15-24 years, with 5 (15.6%) subjects falling in the age bracket of 0-14 years. Among the types of lesions detected, cervical tubercular adenitis was the most frequently observed lesion, found in 22 (73%) subjects. Females are more susceptible to cervical tubercular adenitis, while males are more likely to experience laryngeal TB. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestation of TB affecting the head-and-neck region can exhibit a diverse range of symptoms, which may lead to misinterpretation and diagnostic errors. Therefore, health-care practitioners must understand and include the condition in differential diagnoses.

"Pleomorphic adenoma in salivary glands: Insights from a 100-patient analysis".

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign epithelial tumour originating from the salivary gland, specifically the parotid gland. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the clinical and pathological features of PA by examining the characteristics of the tumour, including its histological structure and immunohistochemical profile. Materials and Methods: Over 8 years, beginning in October 2015 and ending in October 2023, an exhaustive retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. The research focused on 100 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and involved a meticulous examination of the clinical and pathological characteristics obtained by retrieving the pertinent files. Results: Out of all the primary tumours, the majority (n = 70) was found in the parotid gland, followed by PA that developed from the minor salivary glands of the palate (n = 07), the submandibular gland (n = 17), and the lacrimal gland (n = 04). Only two cases had a primary tumour located in the lips. Females were more susceptible to these tumours than males. The parotid gland tumours showed a distinct trend in laterality, with 73 cases observed on the right side. In 85%, the initial symptom of the condition was painless swelling. Conclusion: Salivary gland PA is typically a benign tumour. However, a subset of these tumours can exhibit a malignant phenotype. The preferred treatment is surgical excision with adequate margins.

Exploring the Oral Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Oral Lesions.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to report all cases of oral tuberculosis (TB), a rare manifestation of the fatal infectious disease primarily affecting the pulmonary system. The report also evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of oral TB lesions. METHODS: A total of 25 patients who presented with oral lesions between August 2013 and August 2023 were diagnosed with TB through surgical biopsy despite having no prior history of the disease. Their clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed for further study. RESULTS: In a study of 25 patients with oral TB, all patients were found to have the disease, with 16 males and 9 females affected. The gender distribution was skewed toward males, with a 1.77 male-to-female ratio. Twelve cases of the affected sites were reported in the mandible, six cases in the buccal mucosa, four in the lips, two in the gingiva, and one in the tongue. The age range of affected patients was 0-70 years old, and all lesions were indicative of primary TB. The appearance of the affected mucosa varied, with ulceration and swelling being the most common manifestations. CONCLUSION: Patients who present with oral ulcerations and swellings should be evaluated for the possibility of TB. To confirm and differentiate this condition from other diseases, obtaining a biopsy specimen for histological analysis and performing acid-fast stains and cultures is recommended. These tests will enable a precise diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.

KAI-1 and p53 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas: Markers of significance in future diagnostics and possibly therapeutics.

CONTEXT: KAI-1/CD82 is a tumor suppressor gene with decreased gene expression being associated with increased invasive ability of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). p53 protein functions in the G1-S phase of the cell cycle to allow repair of damaged DNA. In the present study, p53 and KAI-1 expression was investigated using monoclonal antibodies in OSCC. AIMS: The aim of this study was to detect KAI-1 and p53 expression in OSCCs and to assess the relation between both in OSCCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included histopathologically diagnosed thirty cases of well- and moderately differentiated OSCCs to study the expression of KAI-1 and p53 antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis; one-way ANOVA; least square difference method and independent t-test. RESULTS: OSCCs exhibited 41.62% positivity for KAI-1 while p53 positive cells were recorded to an extent of 60.82%. A significant positive correlation was observed between KAI-1 and p53 expression in OSCCs. CONCLUSIONS: Although a significant amount of work is still required to uncover the mechanisms of action and regulation of KAI-1 and p53 expression, control of the complex metastatic processes would be of interest in controlling the tumor biology in OSCCs as well as other types of malignancies to enhance prognosis in the affected patients and to help protect against future metastasis in the going to be treated and treated patients.

Prevalence of Dental Anomalies among School Going Children in India.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies according to gender among children. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted a group of 600 children, of them 293 (48.8%) were males and 275 (45.8%) females which were taken with proper sampling technique. Type III clinical examination was done to know the prevalence of dental anomalies. The Statistical software namely SPSS version 16.0 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used at p value of 0.05 or less. RESULTS: Impactions (39.2%) were the most common anomaly in this study and most of the impacted teeth were related to maxilla. A significant difference was seen in case of hypodontia, microdontia and talons cusp according to gender in which first two anomalies were more among females and last one among males. Children with one dental anomaly were 25.8%, and 13.4% were having more than one. CONCLUSION: The percentage of dental anomalies were high specially impaction and rotated teeth. So these anomalies should be treated earlier to avoid further complications. How to cite this article: Kathariya MD, Nikam AP, Chopra K, Patil NN, Raheja H, Kathariya R. Prevalence of Dental Anomalies among School Going Children in India. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(5):10-4.