[Evoked Potentials on Faces Presented in Emotional Context].

Ability for face recognition is a key skill for our social behavior. A lot of attention is devoted to investigation of emotional faces and expressions perception, but issue of context influence on face recognition process is not so explored. In the current study subjects had watched emotional film fragment before their EEG were recorded during the task with photos of neutral faces: actors from the film and fillers (actors who didn't appear in the film). Method of event-related potentials were used (ERP). The difference between amplitude of P200 component on faces of culprit and victim was found that may be connect with different subjective rele- vance of stimuli for person, who watched the film. Correlations between personal traits of subjects (anxiety, aggression, animosity) and enhanced amplitude of P200 on face of victim in comparison with filler face also were found. Further investigation of emotional context influence on face perception process is necessary.

[Sialic acids and O-acetyl groups as markers of biological activity of microbial polysaccharides in plague and cholera agents].

AIM: To determine sialic acids and O-acetyl groups content in Yersinia pestis and Vibrio cholerae antigens in order to establish their association with biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following antigens of Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain--capsular antigen (F1), major somatic antigen (MSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Pla-protease, allergen pestin PP--as well as O-antigens (O-AG) of V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 were used in the study. Sialic acids were identified by the thiobarbituric method, and O-acetyl groups--according to Alicino. Specific polysaccharides in the MSA and O-antigens were detected by the immunodiffusion assay. RESULTS: Sialic acids were found in LPS, Pla-protease, allergen pestin PP, and all cholera O-AG; their absence was demonstrated in MSA and F1. O-acetyl groups were identified in cholera O-AG of both studied serogroups as well as in LPS, Pla-protease, MSA and pestin PP of Y. pestis. Tendency to correlation between O-acetyl groups content in MSA and serological activity titer was observed. CONCLUSION: Sialic acids and O-acetyl groups identified in carbohydrate-containing antigens of Y. pestis and V. cholerae could be characterized as reaction-active markers of pathogenetic mechanisms of cholera and plague infections as well as immunochemical activity of microbial polysaccharides.

Effect of long-term hypokinesia on monoamine system and antioxidant status of the brain.

Long-term hypokinesia (30 days) was accompanied by activation of the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems. Exhaustion of the antioxidant system was observed on days 10-30 of immobilization.

[The effect of a series of short immobilizations on the indices of the peripheral erythron and on the bone marrow erythroblastic islets in rats]. / Vliianie serii korotkikh immobilizatsii na pokazateli perifericheskogo otdela éritrona i éritroblasticheskie ostrovki kostnogo mozga krys.

Stress adaptation to short-lasting immobilisation both by an intensive and "soft" schedule, demonstrated an obvious effect upon erythron status. While the intensive adaptation regimen suppressed erythropoiesis in erythroblast islets, the "soft" adaptation exerted the opposite effect.

[Functional status of the sympatho-adrenal system of rats during emotional-painful stress]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie simpato-adrenalovoi sistemy krys pri émotsional'no-bolevom stresse.

Within 2-24 hrs after cessation of the 5-hr emotional-nociceptive stress the content of noradrenaline decreases in myocardium, small intestine, striatum, hypothalamus. The neuronal uptake of H3-NA and its synthesis decreased in atria. The compensatory response of small intestine to the lack of the adrenergic transmitter involves an increase of its sensitivity to NA and simultaneous decrease of its sensitivity to acetylcholine. Starting from the 2nd day after cessation of the stress the sympatho-adrenal system begins its normalizing and practically restores by the 5th day.

[Protection of the rat adrenergic system with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid during emotional-painful stress]. / Zashchita adrenergicheskoi sistemy krys gamma-oksimaslianoi kislotoi pri émotsional'no-bolevom stresse.

The anxiety neurosis decreased the catecholamine concentration in the rat striatum, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex, heart and small intestine. The decrease in noradrenaline concentration during the stress was followed by activation of the synthesis and suppression of the transmitter binding in the heart as well as enhancement of the adreno- and cholino-reactivity in the small intestine. Absence of noradrenaline content changes during stress in the seminal duct was followed by no changes of adreno-reactivity in this organ. Preliminary administration of 75 mg/kg of GABA prevented the above changes during the stress. This defensive action of the GABA seems to be based on limiting the activation of sympathetic-adrenal system and decrease of the respective transmitter release.

[Dynamics and physiological significance of GABA-system activation in brain and cardiac muscle during emotional-pain stress]. / Dinamika i fiziologicheskoe znachenie aktivatsii GAMK-sistemy v golovnom mozge i serdechnoi myshtse pri émotsional'no-bolevom stresse.

Effect of emotional-painful stress (EPS) on activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system was studied in animal brain hemispheres and heart muscle. Activation of the GABA-system, developed in brain and heart tissues after EPS, exhibited various physiological importance in the tissues. In brain tissue activation of the GABA-system occurred together with inhibition of FAD-dependent oxidation of succinate in tricarboxylic acid cycle and therefore it might lead to an increased accumulation of the inhibitory metabolite gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, which is important in limitation of the stress stimulation. In heart muscle activation of the GABA-system was realized simultaneously with an increase in FAD-dependent oxidation of succinate and could represent the shunt, which enables to produce the additional amount of succinate, in spite of inhibition of NAD-dependent oxidation of alpha ketoglutarate in tricarboxylic acid cycle. The functioning of the GABA-system as the shunt, responsible for high intensity of FAD-dependent oxidation, might be important both in sufficient resynthesis of ATP in heart muscle and in formation of additional amount of NADPH, essential for biosynthesis.

[Activation of GABA system metabolism in the cerebral hemispheres during exposure to different stress factors]. / Aktivatsiia metabolizma GAMK-sistemy v polushariiakh golovnogo mozga pri deistvii razlichnykh stressornykh faktorov.

The paper concerns the basic parameters of GABA metabolism in 4 groups of animals: after emotional pain stress; after twofold administration of formalin; after coronary artery ligation; after narrowing of the aorta ostium. GABA metabolism in all brain systems was shown to be activated in all types of exposure to stress. One of the final GABA metabolites, hydroxybutyric acid, prevents undue enhancement of pituitary-adrenal function and injury to the internal organs during stress. This suggests that the GABA-ergic system plays the role of a nonspecific inhibitory mechanism that limits the stress-syndrome and averts stress injuries under exposure of the body to various extreme factors.

[Prevention of stress damage to the body by antioxidants and the beta-blocker Inderal]. / Preduprezhdenie stressornykh povrezhdenii organizma antioksidantami i beta-blokatorom inderalom.

Ulcerous impairments of gastric mucosa and an increase in activity of some enzymes in blood plasma were observed in rats after severe emotional-pain stress (EPS). The activity of cytoplasmic enzymes in blood plasma reached maximal values immediately after EPS and then returned to the initial level within the first day. At the same time, activity of lysosomal enzymes reached the highest values only at the end of the first day after EPS and their increased activity was maintained within 5 days. Ulcerous impairments of stomach as well as destruction of cellular membranes, responsible for an increase in the enzymatic activity in blood plasma, might be prevented by beta-adrenoblocking agent inderal. These data suggested that the impairments were due to the effect of excessive amount of catecholamines. Antioxidants dibunol and OP-6, administered prior to EPS, prevented the impairments caused by stress more effectively as compared with inderal; other antioxidants--alpha-tocopherol acetate and sodium selenite were less effective. The data obtained support the assumption on the leading role of lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis of the stress impairments; these data established that the impairments caused by stress might be prevented using the combination of antioxidants and beta-adrenoblocking agents.

[Allergenic and anaphylactoid properties of carcinostatic compounds of platinum]. / Allergennye i anafilaktoidnye svoistva kantserostaticheskikh soedinenii platiny.

Different effects of platinum salts on the organism were studied comparatively. The toxic effect was estimated by LD50; the carcinogenic one--by the action on Ehrlich ascites tumor; the anaphylactoid effect was evaluated by the degree of the arterial pressure fall, the development of bronchospasm and an increased blood histamine level in cats under intravenous injection of platinum salts. The sensitization action of platinum salts was assessed on guinea pigs. All these effects are found to be dependent on the salts chemical composition, and they are manifested in an independent route.

[Hepatic energy metabolism disorders in emotionally-painful stress and prevention of these disorders with sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate]. / Narusheniia énergeticheskogo metabolizma pecheni pri emotsional'no-bolevom stresse i preduprezhdenie étikh narushenii gammaoksibutiratom natriia.

Content and biosynthesis of glycogen in rat liver tissue as well as transition of 14C from main substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle to CO2, examined in liver slices, were studied under conditions of stress caused by pain and emotion. The stress was accompanied by mobilization of the glycogen deposits; glycogen synthesis in liver tissue and oxidation of pyruvate, asparate succinate or alpha-ketoglutarate in tricarboxylic acid cycle were inhibited. At the same time, the stress was accompanied by ulcerous impairments of gastric mucosa. The phenomena observed appear to be due to increased activity of adrenergic and sympathoadrenal systems. Prior to the stress administration of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate, which activates the inhibitory GHB-ergic system of brain, prevented distinctly the impairments found.

[Myocardial energy metabolic disorders in emotional-pain stress and the prevention of these disorders by using sodium gamma-oxybutyrate]. / Narusheniia énergeticheskogo metabolizma miokarda pri émotsional'no-bolevom stresse i profilaktika étikh narushenii s pomoshch'iu gamma-oksibutirata natriia.

Marked disorders of energy metabolism in the heart muscle simultaneously with the development of ulcerous lesions of the stomach were revealed in animals which had suffered an emotional-pain stress (EPS). These disorders are displayed in the fact that two hours after EPS, the glycogen reserve in the animal's myocardium diminishes, resynthesis of glycogen and oxidation of the main substrates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are inhibited, and malate dehydrogenase and possibly other dehydrogenase systems of the mitochondria are partly inactivated. Such decrease in the activity of the metabolic tracts is attended by depression of the force and rate of cardiac contractions revealed on inducing a high rate of contractions. The preliminary administration of sodium gammaoxybutyrate to a considerable extent prevents all the changes in the animal's myocardium occurring due to the effect of EPS.