RESUMEN
Introducción: el síndrome metabólico es más frecuente en niños y adolescentes con obesidad. Objetivo: determinar algunas características clínicas, antropométricas y de laboratorio en niños obesos con síndrome metabólico. Métodos: estudio transversal con 59 niños y adolescentes obesos con edades entre 2 y 14 años, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple de 20 consultorios del municipio Urbano Noris, de Holguín, atendidos en abril-mayo de 2010. Las variables fueron: sexo, edad, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal, presión arterial, colesterol total, triglicéridos, glucemia, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol, microalbuminuria y los índices colesterol total/HDL-colesterol y LDL-colesterol/HDL-colesterol, además, la presencia de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Se empleó el análisis de varianza y la prueba c2 en SPSS y nivel de significación del 0,05. La pesquisa se realizó según los criterios cubanos basados en el Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol de Estados Unidos. Resultados: la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico fue del 55,9 %. Estos pacientes presentaron valores superiores de la presión arterial, los triglicéridos, la glucemia, LDL-colesterol y de los índices aterogénicos y concentraciones más bajas de lipoproteínas de alta densidad, que el grupo sin síndrome metabólico (n= 26). Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el síndrome metabólico y la hipertensión arterial, no así con la microalbuminuria y la diabetes mellitus. No se encontraron diferencias de género. Conclusiones: es importante el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes para una mejor caracterización de este estado, y se recomienda una intervención basada en cambios de estilos de vida.
Introduction: the metabolic syndrome is more frequent in children and adolescents with obesity. Objective: to determine some clinical, anthropometry and laboratory features in obese children with metabolic syndrome. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 59 obese children and adolescents aged between 2 and 14, selected by randomized sampling of 20 consulting rooms from the "Urbano Noris" municipality, Holguín province seen in April-May, 2010. Variables included: sex, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, microalbuminuria and the total cholesterol rates/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, as well as the presence of a high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. Variance analysis was used and also the c2 test in SPSS and the significance level of 0.05. Screening was carried out according to the Cuban criteria based on the National Program of Education on the Cholesterol of United States. Results: the frequency of metabolic syndrome was of 55.9 %. These ones had high values of blood pressure, triglycerides, glycemia, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic rates and concentrations of high-density lipoproteins lower than the group without metabolic syndrome (n= 26). There was a significant association between the metabolic syndrome and the high blood pressure, but not with the microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus. There were not gender differences. Conclusions: the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is very important in children and adolescents to a better characterization of this stage and it is recommended an intervention based on the changes in the lifestyles.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a program of nutritional recommendations and exercise in women with metabolic syndrome. DESIGN: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. LOCATION: Primary Health Care, Holguin, Cuba. PARTICIPANTS: A cluster sample of 150 obese women with metabolic syndrome without glucose disturbances, were randomly assigned to a control (n=70) or experimental (n=80) group. A total of 62 women in the control group and 60 in the intervention group completed the study (June 2008-July 2009). INTERVENTIONS: Low calorie diets and a program of exercises in the experimental group. Usual care in the control group. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid profile. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, after one year, the experimental group had a lower, diastolic blood pressure (78±0.9 vs 91±1.1mm Hg), total cholesterol (4.7±0.1 vs 6.0 ±0.1mmol/L), triglycerides (1.9±0.0 vs 2.9±0.1mmol/L) and LDL cholesterol (2.5±0.0 vs 3.5±0.1mmol/L), and a higher HDL-cholesterol (1.2±0.0 vs 1.1±0.0mmol/L). There were no appreciable changes in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention program on blood pressure and blood lipid profile.
