Use of machine learning to identify protective factors for death from COVID-19 in the ICU: a retrospective study.

Background: Patients in serious condition due to COVID-19 often require special care in intensive care units (ICUs). This disease has affected over 758 million people and resulted in 6.8 million deaths worldwide. Additionally, the progression of the disease may vary from individual to individual, that is, it is essential to identify the clinical parameters that indicate a good prognosis for the patient. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used for analyzing complex medical data and identifying prognostic indicators. However, there is still an urgent need for a model to elucidate the predictors related to patient outcomes. Therefore, this research aimed to verify, through ML, the variables involved in the discharge of patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19. Methods: In this study, 126 variables were collected with information on demography, hospital length stay and outcome, chronic diseases and tumors, comorbidities and risk factors, complications and adverse events, health care, and vital indicators of patients admitted to an ICU in southern Brazil. These variables were filtered and then selected by a ML algorithm known as decision trees to identify the optimal set of variables for predicting patient discharge using logistic regression. Finally, a confusion matrix was performed to evaluate the model's performance for the selected variables. Results: Of the 532 patients evaluated, 180 were discharged: female (16.92%), with a central venous catheter (23.68%), with a bladder catheter (26.13%), and with an average of 8.46- and 23.65-days using bladder catheter and submitted to mechanical ventilation, respectively. In addition, the chances of discharge increase by 14% for each additional day in the hospital, by 136% for female patients, 716% when there is no bladder catheter, and 737% when no central venous catheter is used. However, the chances of discharge decrease by 3% for each additional year of age and by 9% for each other day of mechanical ventilation. The performance of the training data presented a balanced accuracy of 0.81, sensitivity of 0.74, specificity of 0.88, and the kappa value was 0.64. The test performance had a balanced accuracy of 0.85, sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.95, and kappa value of 0.73. The McNemar test found that there were no significant differences in the error rates in the training and test data, suggesting good classification. This work showed that female, the absence of a central venous catheter and bladder catheter, shorter mechanical ventilation, and bladder catheter duration were associated with a greater chance of hospital discharge. These results may help develop measures that lead to a good prognosis for the patient.

Mortality in Women with Coronary Artery Disease in Paraná State, Brazil: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis.

Background: Mortality resulting from coronary artery disease (CAD) among women is a complex issue influenced by many factors that encompass not only biological distinctions but also sociocultural, economic, and healthcare-related components. Understanding these factors is crucial to enhance healthcare provisions. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the social and clinical variables related to the risk of mortality caused by CAD in women aged 50 to 79 years old in Paraná state, Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. Methods: This is an ecological study based on secondary data sourced from E-Gestor, IPARDES, and DATASUS. We developed a model that integrates both raw and standardized coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality rates, along with sociodemographic and healthcare service variables. We employed Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations to assess the relative risk of CAD mortality, focusing specifically on women across the state of Paraná. Results: A total of 14,603 deaths from CAD occurred between 2010 and 2019. Overall, temporal analysis indicates that the risk of CAD mortality decreased by around 22.6% between 2010 (RR of 1.06) and 2019 (RR of 0.82). This decline was most prominent after 2014. The exercise stress testing rate, accessibility of cardiology centers, and IPARDES municipal performance index contributed to the reduction of CAD mortality by approximately 4%, 8%, and 34%, respectively. However, locally, regions in the Central-West, Central-South, Central-East, and Southern regions of the Central-North parts of the state exhibited risks higher-than-expected. Conclusion: In the last decade, CAD-related deaths among women in Paraná state decreased. This was influenced by more exercise stress testing, better access to cardiology centers, improved municipal performance index. Yet, elevated risks of deaths persist in certain regions due to medical disparities and varying municipal development. Therefore, prioritizing strategies to enhance women's access to cardiovascular healthcare in less developed regions is crucial.

Women Abused: Analysis of Assistance Provided by Urgency Mobile Service.

Considering that reports of violence against women must come after a victim seeks help, the subject matter transcends health-related issues. In Brazil, mobile urgency services (SAMU/SIATE) frequently provide first aid to these women and, to the best of our knowledge, no other research has specifically examined the first reaction given to these women. The present study aimed to analyze SAMU/SIATE assistance to abused women in a cross-sectional study of the assistance to assaulted women provided by SIATE and SAMU Maringá/Norte Novo between 2011 and 2020. Women between 20 and 39 years old, non-pregnant, were the main victims, and 19.52% of them have used drugs of some kind. The (ex) partner figured as the perpetrator in 17.35%, but there was no information about this variable in 73.75% of the records. The Chi-square test shows a mortality rate superior to 70% among the severely traumatized victims. This is the first research work to examine the kind of care that SAMU/SIATE offers, and it identifies several weaknesses in its "modus operandi" that may prevent the results from being applied to larger contexts. In addition, further studies on mobile urgent care services in other provinces are required in order to suggest ways to lessen this epidemic.

Association between near miss maternal with sociodemographic factors and health assistants / Associação entre o near miss materno com fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais de saúde

Abstract Objectives: evaluate the association between the maternal near miss rate (TNMM) and sociodemographic and health care factors. Methods: this is an aggregated, cross- sectional epidemiological survey, with regression analysis and spatial analysis, with the units of analysis being the 399 municipalities that make up the four health macro- regions in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Data from the years 2018 to 2021 were obtained through the state maternal near miss report and monitoring system. Results: the state's total TNMM was 6.4 per 1,000 live births, with an increasing trend during the studied period (p<0.001). Sociodemographic and healthcare factors were not associated with TNMM, except for municipalities with a higher degree of urbanization (β adjusted=0.022; CI95%=0.002-0.041) and located in the northern health macro-region (β adjusted=12.352; CI95%= 10.779-15.099), demonstrated by clusters with high and positive associations (high-high). Conclusion: the lack of association with sociodemographic and care factors may be due to their low effect on near miss, or the underreporting of near miss cases in the state. The differences found can be justified by the organization of health services and the intense regionalization of municipalities belonging to the macronorth, which have a better near miss report culture.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação existente entre a taxa de near miss materno (TNMM) com fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais de saúde. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica agregada, transversal, com análises de regressão e análise espacial, sendo as unidades de análise os 399 municípios que compõem as quatro macrorregiões de saúde do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados provenientes dos anos de 2018 a 2021 foram obtidos por meio do sistema estadual de notificação e monitoramento do near miss materno. Resultados: a TNMM total do estado foi de 6,4 por 1.000 nascidos-vivos, com tendência de aumento no período estudado (p<0,001). Fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais não se associaram com a TNMM, exceto municípios com maior grau de urbanização (β ajustado=0,022; IC95%= 0,002-0,041) e localizados na macrorregião norte de saúde (β ajustado=12,352; IC95%= 10,779; 15,099), demonstrado por clusters com associações altas e positivas (high- high). Conclusão: a ausência de associação com os fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais podem decorrer do baixo efeito dos mesmos sobre o near miss, ou à subnotificação de casos de near miss materno no estado. As diferenças encontradas podem ser justificadas pela organização dos serviços de saúde e intensa regionalização dos municípios pertencentes à macronorte, os quais apresentam melhor cultura de notificação de near miss.

Prenatal assessment of high-risk pregnancies in primary and specialized outpatient care: a mixed study.

OBJECTIVES: to assess high-risk prenatal care and identify strategies for improving care. METHODS: a mixed study of a prospective cohort, with 319 mothers in a public maternity hospital, from October 2016 to August 2017, using a semi-structured instrument and interview. Analysis was performed using the chi-square test (p≤0.05). The qualitative approach was carried out through interviews with guiding questions to 13 managers, at their workplace, between January and March 2020, analyzed under social phenomenology. RESULTS: higher rates of inadequacy were identified for all criteria. However, when care was shared, there was a higher rate for performing tests (p=0.023), consultations (p=0.002), risk stratification (p=0.013) and emergency information (≤0.000). Weaknesses in the record evidenced impairment in communication and continuity of care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: shared care is a strategy for improving care, however there is a need to strengthen effective referral and counter-referral to care continuity.

Anaplastic lymphoma associated with breast implants-Early diagnosis and treatment.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implants is a relatively new disease that deserves attention from the academic community. Brazil figures as one of the protagonists in plastic surgery, however publications are insufficient and very few cases are reported in comparison to other countries. It is a disease with excellent prognosis when diagnosed early and treated effectively, but for this to happen, it is essential that health care professionals and the patient understand its pathology. We reported two cases in a small town during a short period of time. In both cases reported by this study, the patients presented late seroma, associated with pain as a clinical presentation, at 13 and 9 years after the placement of silicone implants with textured polyurethane surfaces. After the procedure, the patients were screened for cancer. Further research with more robust samples is still needed to fully determine the risks and benefits of using textured versus smooth implants.

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Negative COVID-19 Outcomes and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Indicators in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze maternal risk factors associated with negative outcomes of COVID-19 and association with socioeconomic indicators in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, with data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Flu) of pregnant women with COVID-19 and cases of hospitalization and death. For the analysis of risk factors and outcomes, the multiple logistic regression method was used. RESULTS: Pregnant women who had some risk factor represented 47.04%. The chance of death was 2.48 times greater when there was a risk factor, 1.55 for ICU admission and 1.43 for use of ventilatory support. The percentage of cure was 79.64%, 15.46% without any negative outcome, 4.65% death and 0.26% death from other causes. Pregnant women who did not take the vaccine represented 30.08%, 16.74% took it and 53.18% were not specified. The variables HDI, illiteracy, per capita income and urbanization did not influence the cases of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as age, obesity, asthma and pregnancy were responsible for the increase in hospitalizations, respiratory complications and death. Vaccination reduced the risk of negative outcomes by 50%. There were no correlations between socioeconomic indicators and the negative outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

Exploring regional disparities in lung cancer mortality in a Brazilian state: A cross-sectional ecological study.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the main causes of mortality in Brazil; geographic, cultural, socioeconomic and health access factors can affect the development of the disease. We explored the geospatial distribution of LC mortality, and associated factors, between 2015 and 2019, in Parana state, Brazil. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We obtained mortality (from the Brazilian Health Informatics Department) and population rates (from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [IBGE]) in people over 40 years old, accessibility of oncology centers by municipality, disease diagnosis rate (from Brazilian Ministry of Health), the tobacco production rate (IBGE) and Parana Municipal Performance Index (IPDM) (from Parana Institute for Economic and Social Development). Global Moran's Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association were performed to evaluate the spatial distribution of LC mortality in Parana state. Ordinary Least Squares Regression and Geographically Weighted Regression were used to verify spatial association between LC mortality and socioeconomic indicators and health service coverage. A strong spatial autocorrelation of LC mortality was observed, with the detection of a large cluster of high LC mortality in the South of Parana state. Spatial regression analysis showed that all independent variables analyzed were directly related to LC mortality by municipality in Paraná. CONCLUSIONS: There is a disparity in the LC mortality in Parana state, and inequality of socioeconomic and accessibility to health care services could be associated with it. Our findings may help health managers to intensify actions in regions with vulnerability in the detection and treatment of LC.

A look through Latin America truck drivers' health, a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heavy truck drivers represent a social group of great importance to any country's economy. Their professional activity requires a high level of dedication. Due to the irregular hours in their work routine and adopted habits, they mostly predispose them to a diversity of health problems. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to identify the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in Latin American Truck Drivers. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS databases, for scientific publications articles, as reported by The PRISMA Statement. From 1,382, 7 studies were included according to the established criteria. The hypertension prevalence found was 34.2%, diabetes was of 9.2% and the highest prevalence found was for overweight and obesity (56%). Meta-analysis presented that drivers have a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity when compared to eutrophic individuals and that drivers with diabetes and hyperglycemia have a lower prevalence. Due to their work activity, their access to the health system is compromised limiting any type of monitoring of their health. This study showed that there is, in Latin America, an investment and assistance gap, both in the health sector and in the research section, for this professional category, which is so important to the economy of these countries. These data should help to identify the difficulties faced by this professional in health assistance, road safety, public safety, leisure and social life. This research also highlighted that they are young and already have the first sign of non-transmissible chronic diseases, which is overweight and obesity.

Prenatal assessment of high-risk pregnancies in primary and specialized outpatient care: a mixed study / Evaluación prenatal de embarazos de alto riesgo en atención primaria y ambulatoria especializada: un estudio mixto / Avaliação pré-natal da gestação de alto risco na atenção primária e ambulatorial especializada: estudo misto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess high-risk prenatal care and identify strategies for improving care. Methods: a mixed study of a prospective cohort, with 319 mothers in a public maternity hospital, from October 2016 to August 2017, using a semi-structured instrument and interview. Analysis was performed using the chi-square test (p≤0.05). The qualitative approach was carried out through interviews with guiding questions to 13 managers, at their workplace, between January and March 2020, analyzed under social phenomenology. Results: higher rates of inadequacy were identified for all criteria. However, when care was shared, there was a higher rate for performing tests (p=0.023), consultations (p=0.002), risk stratification (p=0.013) and emergency information (≤0.000). Weaknesses in the record evidenced impairment in communication and continuity of care. Final Considerations: shared care is a strategy for improving care, however there is a need to strengthen effective referral and counter-referral to care continuity.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la atención prenatal de alto riesgo e identificar estrategias para mejorar la atención. Métodos: estudio mixto de cohorte prospectivo, con 319 madres en una maternidad pública, de octubre de 2016 a agosto de 2017, mediante instrumento semiestructurado y entrevista. El análisis se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado (p≤0,05). El abordaje cualitativo se realizó a través de entrevistas con preguntas orientadoras a 13 directivos, en su lugar de trabajo, entre enero y marzo de 2020, analizados bajo la fenomenología social. Resultados: se identificaron mayores tasas de inadecuación para todos los criterios. Sin embargo, cuando se compartió la asistencia, hubo mayor tasa de realización de pruebas (p=0,023), consultas (p=0,002), clasificación de riesgo (p=0,013) e información de emergencia (≤0,000). Las debilidades en el expediente evidenciaron afectación en la comunicación y continuidad de la atención. Consideraciones Finales: el cuidado compartido es una estrategia para mejorar la atención, sin embargo, existe la necesidad de fortalecer la referencia y la contrarreferencia efectivas para la continuidad del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a assistência pré-natal de alto risco e identificar as estratégias para o aperfeiçoamento assistencial. Métodos: estudo misto de uma coorte prospectiva, com 319 puérperas em uma maternidade pública, de outubro de 2016 a agosto de 2017, utilizando-se instrumento semiestruturado e entrevista. Realizou-se análise por meio do Teste do Qui-Quadrado (p≤0,05). A abordagem qualitativa foi realizada por entrevista com questões norteadoras a 13 gestores, em seu local de trabalho, entre janeiro e março de 2020, analisadas sob a fenomenologia social. Resultados: identificaram-se maiores taxas de inadequação para todos critérios. Entretanto, quando a assistência foi compartilhada, observou-se maior taxa para realização de exames (p=0,023), consultas (p=0,002), classificação de risco (p=0,013) e informação de emergência (≤0,000). Fragilidades no registro evidenciaram prejuízo na comunicação e na continuidade assistencial. Considerações Finais: o cuidado compartilhado demonstra-se estratégia ao aperfeiçoamento assistencial, entretanto há necessidade do fortalecimento da referência e contrarreferência efetivas à continuidade assistencial.

Atenção à saúde do homem na perspectiva do usuário

Objetivo: Identificar as atividades realizadas pela atenção primária a saúde voltada à saúde do homem, na perspectiva do usuário. Material e Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva, realizada com 58 homens, com idade entre 20 a 59 anos, em um município do Sul do Brasil. O estudo utilizou amostragem não probabilística e a coleta de dados ocorreu de dezembro de 2019 a março de 2020. Resultados: A idade entre 50 e 59 anos esteve presente em 43,1% dos pesquisados, religião católica 58,62%, ensino médio incompleto 36,21%, etnia 46,55% brancos. Dos participantes, 37,9% responderam que procuravam as unidades para prevenção à saúde, mas não souberam especificar quais seriam tais ações preventivas. 8,62% inferiram realizar exames de rotina como método de prevenção. Em relação ao Programa Saúde do Homem a maioria, 70,7%, afirmou não possuir conhecimento. A falta de tempo (12,06%) foi citada como fator para não cuidar da saúde. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os participantes não conhecem as ações que as unidades realizam para o cuidado à saúde do homem. A necessidade de estudos que identifiquem as ações efetivas que estão sendo realizadas na atenção à saúde do homem para que possam subsidiar estratégias que estimulem profissionais e gestores a reforçarem a atenção primária como ambiente de produção de cuidado integral a saúde do homem.

Objective: To identify the activities carried out by primary health care, aimed at men's health, from the user's perspective. Material and Method: Quantitative, exploratory and descriptive research, conducted with 58 men, aged between 20 and 59 years, in a municipality in southern Brazil. The study was carried out using non-probability sampling and data collection took place from December 2019 to March 2020. Results: Respondents were between 50 and 59 years old (43.1%), of Catholic religion (58.62%), with incomplete secondary education (36.21%), belonging to white ethnicity (46.55%). 37.9% of the participants responded that they sought health prevention units but were unable to specify what these preventive actions were. 8.62% inferred routine examinations as a method of prevention. Regarding the Brazilian Men's Health Program, the majority, 70.7%, stated that they were unaware of the program. Lack of time (12.06%) was cited as a factor for not taking care of health. Conclusion: It can be pointed out that the participants are unaware of the actions carried out by the units responsible for men's health care. More studies are needed to identify the effective actions that are being carried out in men's health care, so that they can generate strategies that encourage professionals and managers to strengthen primary health care for comprehensive men's health care.

Objetivo: Identificar las actividades realizadas por la atención primaria de salud dirigidas a la salud del hombre, desde la perspectiva del usuario. Material y Método: Investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, realizada con 58 hombres en un municipio del sur de Brasil, con edades entre 20 y 59 años. Se utilizó muestreo no probabilístico y el período de recolección incluyó diciembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. Resultados: La edad entre 50 y 59 años estuvo presente en el 43,1% de los encuestados, religión católica 58,62%, educación secundaria incompleta 36,21%, etnia blanca 46,55%. De los participantes, 37,9% respondieron que buscaban unidades de prevención en salud, pero no pudieron especificar cuáles serían esas acciones preventivas. El 8,62% infirió la realización de exámenes de rutina como método de prevención. En cuanto al Programa de Salud del Hombre de Brasil, la mayoría, 70,7%, dijo no tener conocimiento. La falta de tiempo (12,06%) fue citada como factor para no cuidar la salud. Conclusión: Se concluye que los participantes desconocen las acciones que realizan las unidades para el cuidado de la salud del hombre. Se requiere de estudios que identifiquen las acciones efectivas que se están realizando en la atención a la salud del hombre para que puedan sustentar estrategias que alienten a los profesionales y gestores a reforzar la atención primaria como ámbito de producción de la atención integral a la salud del hombre.

Comparative Analysis of Mortality due to Breast Cancer and Mammography Uptake in the Federative Units of Brazil-2015 to 2021.

Objective: Compare the breast cancer mortality rate and the rate of mammograms with socioeconomic factors, in Brazilian´s Federative Units, during the period of 2015 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological study, of a descriptive nature, which covers the 27 Brazilian federative units, using secondary data extracted from the DATASUS System. The information analyzed was mammography data, breast cancer mortality, demographic and economic data of the resident population and women over 20 years of age. Results: There is a direct relationship between mortality rate and mammograms rates in the Federative Units. The data obtained for Brazil presents a total of 133,048 deaths from breast cancer and 17,324,526 mammography exams in the period from 2015 to 2021. In other words, Brazil presents a standardized mortality rate value, 19.25 deaths per 100,000 women. Regarding the mammography rate, the value of the exam-specific mammography rate was 2,506.55 per 100,000 women. In relation to socioeconomic data by mortality rate group, higher mortality rates from breast cancer present higher rates in the variables: income rate by State (2,594.86), people with income (63.5), average percentage of women with more over 50 years old (29.5%), women with average years of education (6.64), white population (55.1%) and mammography exam rate (2873.20). When analysing the highest rates of mammography exam rates, higher rates are observed income rate by State (2,161.47), people with income (62.5%), average percentage of women over 50 years old (28.6%), women with an average number of years of education (5.8). Conclusion: Brazil has a high mortality rate due to breast cancer, when compared to other countries. The reasons are diverse, such as the modern, industrialized and populous lifestyle. The Federative Units with the highest mortality rate also have high rates of mammograms, that is, in the Federative Units with "better" sociodemographic conditions, the South and Southeast.

Uso da medicina popular na prevenção da Covid-19 / Use of folk medicine in the prevention of Covid-19 / Uso de la medicina popular en la prevención del Covid-19

A procura pela medicina popular tem sido recorrente, em que plantas medicinais são consumidas como agentes terapêuticos na prevenção de diversos sintomas e doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a utilização de produtos naturais da medicina popular durante a pandemia, na prevenção da infecção e dos sintomas da COVID-19. Foi feito um estudo observacional transversal descritivo. Utilizou-se como processo de amostragem o método de recrutamento consecutivo de participantes (Snowball), por meio de um questionário distribuído nacionalmente pelas mídias sociais para a população acima de 18 anos de idade, no período de setembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e/ou o exato de Fisher, considerando intervalos de confiança de 95% e nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Participaram do estudo 1022 pessoas. Variáveis como sexo, escolaridade, idade, área de residência e região geográfica influenciaram significativamente a busca e o consumo de produtos a base de plantas medicinais. A maioria da população utilizou produtos naturais a base de plantas medicinas no período, sentiu melhora da saúde ao consumi-los e indica o uso para a prevenção da COVID-19 e de sintomas associados. No entanto, merece atenção o risco de toxicidade proveniente do uso incorreto e de interações medicamentosas, sendo necessários mais estudos.

The demand for popular medicine has been recurrent, in which medicinal plants are consumed as therapeutic agents in the prevention of various symptoms and diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the use of natural products from popular medicine during the pandemic, in the prevention of infection and symptoms of COVID-19. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out. The method of consecutive recruitment of participants (Snowball) was used as a sampling process, through a questionnaire distributed nationally on social media for the population over 18 years of age, from September 2021 to March 2022. Pearson's chi-square test and/or Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis, considering 95% confidence intervals and a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). A total of 1022 people participated in this study. Variables such as gender, education, age, area of residence and geographic region significantly influenced the search for and consumption of products based on medicinal plants. The majority of the population used natural products based on medicinal plants in the period, felt an improvement in health when consuming them and indicated their use for the prevention of COVID-19 and associated symptoms. However, the risk of toxicity from incorrect use and drug interactions deserves attention, requiring further studies.

Ha sido recurrente la demanda de la medicina popular, en la que se consumen plantas medicinales como agentes terapéuticos en la prevención de diversos síntomas y enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el uso de productos naturales de la medicina popular durante la pandemia, en la prevención de la infección y síntomas del COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Se utilizó como proceso de muestreo el método de reclutamiento consecutivo de participantes (Bola de Nieve), a través de un cuestionario distribuido a nivel nacional en medios sociales para la población mayor de 18 años, de septiembre de 2021 a marzo de 2022. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado de Pearson y/o la prueba exacta de Fisher, considerando intervalos de confianza del 95% y un nivel de significancia del 5% (p < 0,05). Un total de 1022 personas participaron en este estudio. Variables como el sexo, la educación, la edad, la zona de residencia y la región geográfica influyeron significativamente en la búsqueda y el consumo de productos a base de plantas medicinales. La mayoría de la población utilizó productos naturales basados en plantas medicinales en el periodo, sintió una mejora de la salud al consumirlos e indicó su uso para la prevención de la COVID-19 y los síntomas asociados. Sin embargo, el riesgo de toxicidad por el uso incorrecto y las interacciones farmacológicas merecen atención, requiriendo estudios adicionales.

Unveiling the evolution of fetal death in pregnancy in different cultures / Desvelando em diferentes culturas a evolução da gestação em óbito fetal

Abstract Objectives: to describe the identification of fetal death during pregnancy in Brazilian and Canadian women. Methods: clinical-qualitative study with women who experienced the outcome of fetal death in their pregnancies, living in Maringá (Brazil) and participating in the Center d'intervention familiale (Canada). Data collection was performed through a semi-structured interview with the question: How did you find out about your baby's death? Readings were performed and the relevant aspects were categorized into themes according to the places where the death was confirmed. Results: in both countries, the main causes of death were the same, related to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, and health problems of the pregnant woman or fetus. Brazilian women had a higher frequency of deaths in the third trimester and Canadian women experienceda majority of deaths in the second trimester. The stillbirthswere found in different places, times and moments categorized at prenatal routine consultation, emergency care, expected death from congenital malformations of poor prognosis and labor. Conclusions: the determination of fetal death during pregnancy was due to possible intrinsic intercurrences of the pregnancy period. Based on the women's experiences, it was possible to demonstrate the clinical practice of identifying fetal death according to the cultural scenario. Continuous studies on prenatal care for women who had stillbirths are necessary for early detection of pathological conditions and appropriate interventions.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever a identificação do óbito fetal durante a gestação em brasileiras e canadenses. Métodos: estudo clínico-qualitativo com mulheres que vivenciaram o desfecho do óbito fetal nas suas gestações, residentes em Maringá (Brasil) e participantes do Centre d'Intervention Familiale (Canadá). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semidirigida com a pergunta: Como ficou sabendo da morte do seu bebê? Foram realizadas leituras e os aspectos relevantes foram categorizados em temas conforme os locais da confirmação do óbito. Resultados: nos dois países, as principais causas dos óbitos foram relacionadas às complicações na gravidez e parto, problemas de saúde da gestante ou do feto. As brasileiras com frequência maior dos óbitos no terceiro trimestre e as canadenses, no segundo trimestre. As categorias foram identificadas nos consultórios na rotina pré-natal, nos serviços de emergência, e nos serviços de imagem, ao detectar o óbito esperado nos casos de malformações congênitas de prognóstico ruim. Conclusão: a determinação óbito fetal durante a gestação foi em razão das possíveis intercorrências intrínsecas do período gravídico. A partir das experiências das mulheres, foi possível mostrar a prática clínica da identificação do óbito fetal de acordo com o cenário cultural. Contínuos estudos, sobre a assistência pré-natal das mulheres que tiveram óbito fetal, são necessários para detecção precoce das condições patológicas e intervenções adequadas.

Violence against health personnel before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: Violence in the workplace has been an alarming phenomenon around the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of violence against health personnel in urgent and emergency departments, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study including a structured online survey with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee. The sample was composed of health personnel over 18 years old who work in urgent and emergency departments. The survey was structured with sections: sociodemographic data, detailing of occupational data, and a survey of physical, verbal, sexual, and racial violence. Descriptive statistics included absolute frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means with standard deviation for continuous variables. RESULTS: A total of 114 participants, aged between 20 and 60 years, answered the questionnaire; 68.4% of them were women. Most of them were white (71.9%), married or living with a partner (70.2%), residing in the south or southeast regions (85.1%) of Brazil, 56.1% doctors, 11.4% nurses, and 12.3% nursing technicians. The incidence of violence before the COVID-19 pandemic was 60%. During the pandemic, the incidence suffered low variation, being 57.9%. Only 37.7% said that their workplace offers some procedure/routine to report acts of violence suffered at work. Verbal violence was the most reported among the participants. Anxiety, tiredness, fear, low self-esteem, loss of concentration, and stress are the most frequent consequences of aggression. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not potentiate the episodes of violence; however, episodes of violence continue to occur, and so management and prevention measures must be implemented.

Violence against health personnel before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Violence in the workplace has been an alarming phenomenon around the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of violence against health personnel in urgent and emergency departments, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study including a structured online survey with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee. The sample was composed of health personnel over 18 years old who work in urgent and emergency departments. The survey was structured with sections: sociodemographic data, detailing of occupational data, and a survey of physical, verbal, sexual, and racial violence. Descriptive statistics included absolute frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means with standard deviation for continuous variables. RESULTS: A total of 114 participants, aged between 20 and 60 years, answered the questionnaire; 68.4% of them were women. Most of them were white (71.9%), married or living with a partner (70.2%), residing in the south or southeast regions (85.1%) of Brazil, 56.1% doctors, 11.4% nurses, and 12.3% nursing technicians. The incidence of violence before the COVID-19 pandemic was 60%. During the pandemic, the incidence suffered low variation, being 57.9%. Only 37.7% said that their workplace offers some procedure/routine to report acts of violence suffered at work. Verbal violence was the most reported among the participants. Anxiety, tiredness, fear, low self-esteem, loss of concentration, and stress are the most frequent consequences of aggression. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not potentiate the episodes of violence; however, episodes of violence continue to occur, and so management and prevention measures must be implemented.

Prevalence and Impact of Academic Violence in Medical Education.

Situations of mistreatment in the academic environment are prevalent worldwide, but research in this area is scarce in middle-low-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mistreatment inflicted against Brazilian medical students. In addition, characterize these situations and analyze their consequences. Cross-sectional study conducted with 831 medical students from public and private institutions. Absolute and relative frequencies of the analyzed variables and possible associations were determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Chi-square test of association with second-order Rao-Scott adjustment was also used. The response rate was 56%. Public institution pointed to a higher prevalence of mistreatment when compared to private (59% versus 43%). Female students were the most affected. Verbal and psychological aggression was more prevalent. The aggressor usually was a faculty member. Mistreatment incidence increased over the years of training, with higher rates in the internship. About 94% of the students felt affected in anyway, with 77% feeling diminished and depressed. More than 50% reported impaired academic performance. Almost 30% sought help from experts. The reporting rate was extremely low. Adequate identification of the situations by the victims, safe reporting mechanisms and, an educational system capable of maintaining an appropriate learning environment are essential to break this destructive cycle.

Colorectal cancer mortality in women: trend analysis in Brazil and its regions and states.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze colorectal cancer mortality trends in women in Brazil and its regions and states. METHODS: ecological, time-series study with trend analysis of deaths caused by colorectal cancer in women in Brazil and its regions and states between 2008 and 2019. Polynomial regression was used to treat the data. RESULTS: 48,225 deaths of women caused by colorectal cancer were examined. There was an increasing mortality trend in Brazilian women, with regional differences that resulted from socioeconomic, political, and cultural inequalities. The South Region stood out with the highest rate (7.32) in 2008, which increased to 8.65 in 2019, followed by the Southeast Region, whose rates were 6.72 and 9.05 in 2008 and 2019, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: colorectal cancer mortality increased, which indicates the need to expand public policies oriented toward screening and early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in women.

Factors associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and hospitalized postpartum women: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and postpartum women with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Brazil and to investigate a possible association between vaccination and the clinical course and outcome of the disease. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized pregnant and postpartum women diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by SARS-CoV-2, presenting onset of signs and symptoms between May and October 2021. Secondary data were used, available in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe). Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program, medians were applied to present continuous variables and frequencies, and proportions were calculated for categorical variables, using logistic and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: The final study population included 3,585 pregnant and postpartum women, of whom 596 (16.6) were vaccinated: 443 (74.3%) received one dose and 153 (25.7%) received two doses. They were factors associated with non-vaccination against Covid-19 age ≤ 19 anos (OR: 2.57; IC95% 1.40;4.71), non-white women (OR: 1.34; IC95% 1.07;1.67) and those who required ventilatory support (OR: 1.51; IC95% 1.19;1.90) and invasive ventilation (OR: 2.05; IC95% 1.37;3.08). On the other hand, vaccination was associated with advanced maternal age (OR: 0.60; IC95% 0.48;0.76), presence of comorbidities (OR: 0.57; IC95% 0.45;0.72) and loss of taste (OR: 0.63; IC95% 0.48;0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Demographic, ethnic-racial and clinical characteristics were associated with the vaccination status of pregnant and postpartum women with SARS by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. Vaccination against Covid-19 in the obstetric population has already shown positive results in the evolution of severe cases, which reiterates its importance. It is essential that health services advance vaccination against Covid-19 in the obstetric population, especially adolescentes and non-white women.

Use and Applicability of the Gail Model to Calculate Breast Cancer Risk: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a scoping review of the applicability of the Gail model in different countries for different ethnicities. METHODS: The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and search strategies based on the PICOS approach. The reviewed articles were included if they were published between 2013 and 2018 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; were original articles available in full online; and described the use of the Gail model. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science data bases were searched. RESULTS: A total of 38 articles eligible for analysis were identified, of which 16 used the Gail model to assess breast cancer risk in women, eight analyzed the applicability of this tool in their population, seven compared the tool and/or modified it according to the specific risk factors of their population, and seven cited the model in determining eligibility for chemoprevention. CONCLUSION: The Gail model has different applicabilities Greater effectiveness and breast cancer risk are found in developed countries.