RESUMEN
Dental caries is a biofilm-related preventable infectious disease caused by interactions between the oral bacteria and the host's dietary sugars. As the microenvironments in cariogenic biofilms are often acidic, pH-sensitive drug delivery systems have become innovative materials for dental caries prevention in recent years. In the present study, poly(DMAEMA-co-HEMA) was used as a pH-sensitive carrier to synthesize a chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded nanomaterial (p(DH)@CHX). In vitro, p(DH)@CHX exhibited good pH sensitivity and a sustained and high CHX release rate in the acidic environment. It also exhibited lower cytotoxicity against human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) compared to free CHX. Besides, compared with free CHX, p(DH)@CHX showed the same antibacterial effects on S. mutans biofilms. In addition, it had no effect on eradicating healthy saliva-derived biofilm, while free CHX exhibited an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the 16s rDNA sequencing results showed that p(DH)@CHX had the potential to alter oral microbiota composition and possibly reduce caries risk. In conclusion, the present study presents an alternative option to design an intelligent material to prevent and treat dental caries.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Clorhexidina/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos Locales/administración & dosificación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Química Farmacéutica , Clorhexidina/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Metacrilatos/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Saliva , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, making it necessary to explore the environmental disposal technology for plastic waste. Recently, we and other researchers have individually found microorganisms or enzymes from nature that can degrade synthetic plastic. These findings indicated that the capability of these microorganisms or enzymes to degrade plastic could be used for the disposal of plastic waste. Polyurethane (PUR) was one of the most used general plastic and its plastic waste occupied 30% of the total volume of different plastic waste. This review tried to provide a comprehensive summary of the researches on microbial degradation of PUR plastic in the past 70 years since its invention, and focused on the PUR-degrading fungi, bacteria, genes or enzymes, degradation products and the corresponding biological disposal technologies. We finally proposed the key scientific challenges on the development of high efficient biological disposal for PUR waste in the perspective researches.