RESUMEN
Although many anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are available, treatment failure, known as drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), still occurs in around 30% of children with epilepsy. Second-line ASMs are usually used as substitution therapy in DRE to control seizures, although international consensus is not available yet. Previous studies focus on comparing the ASMs, whether as add-on or substitution therapy, mainly conducted in newly diagnosed epilepsy. However, the study that investigated first-line ASMs as substitution therapy compared to second-line ones, particularly among DRE children, is still lacking. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolling 102 participants, aged 1-18, at three referral hospitals in Indonesia will be conducted, dividing them into intervention and control groups. The intervention group will be treated with first-line ASMs as the substitution therapy, while the other in the control group will get second-line ASMs. The primary outcome measure is the proportion difference of responders between groups who get first-line and second-line ASMs in 14 weeks of intervention. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05697614.
RESUMEN
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of treadmill treatment on oxidative stress markers and endogenous antioxidant status seen from MDA, GSH, MnSOD enzyme specific activity and blood catalase of obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is experimental laboratory research using post-test control design group only. The study lasted for 28 days and was divided into 4 groups of study, i.e., group K (normal control), KP (obesity control), P1 (obesity mice with 1 x 10-minute treadmill treatment a day), and P2 (obesity mice with 2 x 10-minute treadmill treatment a day). RESULTS: The treadmill treatment had an effect on the improvement of the oxidative status of mice with a decrease of MDA level of obesity mice blood (p ≤ 0.05) compared to KP control. An elevated endogenous antioxidant status of obesity mice was seen from elevated GSH levels, MnSOD specific activity and blood catalase of obesity mice (p ≤ 0.05) compared with KP controls. Treatment of 1 x 10-minute treadmill per day decreased blood MDA level, increased GSH enzyme and increased specific activity of MnSOD enzyme and blood catalase of obese mice. CONCLUSIONS: The 2 x 10-minute daily treadmill did not differ significantly in improving the oxidative status and endogenous antioxidant status compared with the treadmill 1 x 10 minutes a day (p ≥ 0.05).
