The reactive pyruvate metabolite dimethylglyoxal mediates neurological consequences of diabetes.

Complications of diabetes are often attributed to glucose and reactive dicarbonyl metabolites derived from glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, such as methylglyoxal. However, in the CNS, neurons and endothelial cells use lactate as energy source in addition to glucose, which does not lead to the formation of methylglyoxal and has previously been considered a safer route of energy consumption than glycolysis. Nevertheless, neurons and endothelial cells are hotspots for the cellular pathology underlying neurological complications in diabetes, suggesting a cause that is distinct from other diabetes complications and independent of methylglyoxal. Here, we show that in clinical and experimental diabetes plasma concentrations of dimethylglyoxal are increased. In a mouse model of diabetes, ilvb acetolactate-synthase-like (ILVBL, HACL2) is the enzyme involved in formation of increased amounts of dimethylglyoxal from lactate-derived pyruvate. Dimethylglyoxal reacts with lysine residues, forms Nε-3-hydroxy-2-butanonelysine (HBL) as an adduct, induces oxidative stress more strongly than other dicarbonyls, causes blood-brain barrier disruption, and can mimic mild cognitive impairment in experimental diabetes. These data suggest dimethylglyoxal formation as a pathway leading to neurological complications in diabetes that is distinct from other complications. Importantly, dimethylglyoxal formation can be reduced using genetic, pharmacological and dietary interventions, offering new strategies for preventing CNS dysfunction in diabetes.

Antiepileptic profile of Parawixin-11, purified from Parawixia bistriata spider venom (Araneae, Araneidae), in Wistar rats.

The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is often complex due to the lack of efficacy in many patients and profound side effects from current drugs, including sedation, motor impairment, and teratogenesis. In the quest for new antiepileptic drugs, animal venoms offer a valuable source of neuroactive molecules targeting ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. This study investigates the antiepileptic potential of compounds isolated from the venom of the Parawixia bistriata spider. One compound, designated Parawixin-11, demonstrated significant anticonvulsant effects when injected into the cerebral ventricle in a dose-response manner. It effectively countered seizures induced by bicuculline (ED50 0.16 µg/animal), pentylenetetrazole (ED50 0.08 µg/animal), strychnine (ED50 0.05 µg/animal), pilocarpine (ED50 0.10 µg/animal), and NMDA (ED50 0.008 µg/animal). We also assessed whether intracerebroventricular administration of Parawixin-11 caused motor or cognitive impairments in rats using the open field, rotarod, and Morris water maze tests. No differences in exploration or movement were observed with doses of 0.3, 0.2, or 0.1 µg of Parawixin-11. Although there was an increased latency to find the platform during the acquisition phase of the Morris water maze test, no differences in spatial memory retention were noted. Given Parawixin-11's potency against NMDA-induced seizures, we hypothesize that it may modulate the glutamatergic system, aligning with the mechanisms of several spider-derived polyamines.

MMP-8 in Periodontal Sites of Postpartum and without-Any-Pregnancy Women.

The hypothesis that physiological changes in women can affect periodontal tissues is the subject of this study, and inflammatory markers such as matrix metalloproteinase-8 can measure susceptibility to inflammation. The study aimed to analyze MMP-8 levels in periodontal sites of postpartum women and women without a history of pregnancy, comparing health parameters and periodontal disease. This is a case-control study with 40 participants, 20 cases (women in the postpartum period) and 20 controls (women without any pregnancy), who underwent clinical periodontal examination and the collection of crevicular gingival fluid. The ELISA test was used to detect MMP-8 levels. Postpartum women had worse periodontal parameters, such as bleeding index on probing, number of sites with CAL ≥ 3, and fewer teeth present. In the group of women without a history of pregnancy, a significantly lower MMP-8 level was observed in healthy sites and a higher one was observed in periodontal pockets (p < 0.01). In contrast, in postpartum women, MMP-8 levels were elevated in both healthy sites and periodontal pockets (p > 0.01). The MMP-8 levels in gingival fluid appear to be related to periodontal clinical parameters and may be a possible marker of enzymatic changes involved in periodontal tissue destruction in postpartum women.

The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Muscle Strains in Athletes.

Muscle tears/strains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, posing a serious challenge for sports medicine. Aiming to reduce the time to return to play and the rate of reinjuries, apart from the traditional conservative treatments and rehabilitation protocols, new and innovative therapeutic options have emerged, particularly platelet-rich plasma (PRP). This study aims to present the available evidence regarding PRP injection for the treatment of muscle strains in athletes. Two databases were searched for articles published between January 2012 and December 2022 in Portuguese or English. The query used for the PubMed database was ("Muscles/injuries"[Mesh]) AND ("Athletes"[Mesh] OR "Athletic Injuries"[Mesh]) AND "Platelet-Rich Plasma"[Mesh], while for the Web of Science database the search was performed for "Platelet-rich plasma" AND "Muscle injuries" AND ("Athletes" OR "Athletic injuries"). Eleven studies involving athletes diagnosed with muscle injuries who received treatment with PRP injection alone, or in combination with traditional conservative treatment, compared to a control group, were included. Four randomized controlled trials, four systematic reviews/meta-analyses, two retrospective studies, and one comparative study were included. Current evidence from the highest-quality studies does not support the hypothesis of reduction of time to return to play and the rate of reinjuries after PRP injection, even though some studies reported positive results. However, the available evidence suggests that PRP might have a beneficial effect on the pain perceived by athletes following an acute muscle strain. It is challenging to arrive at definitive conclusions and translate these findings into a clinical context for treating muscle strains in athletes. The existing trials present several inconsistencies and limitations, with a heterogeneous set of patients and injuries, as well as the use of different and inconsistent methods for preparing, administering, and measuring the effects of PRP. To achieve consistent outcomes, standardizing PRP administration procedures is essential.

Potencialidades e fragilidades da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem no período puerperal / Strengths and weaknesses of the Systematization of Nursing Care in the postpartum period / Fortalezas y deblilidades de la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería en el posparto

Objetivo: identificar potencialidades e fragilidades da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem no período puerperal. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório qualitativo desenvolvido entre agosto e dezembro de 2021 com 17 enfermeiros que atuam em equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise de conteúdo.Resultados: as potencialidades da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagemestão relacionadas à satisfação, organização do processo de trabalho e melhoria da qualidade do cuidado. E, as fragilidades estão associadas à falta de recursos humanos e de tempo, acúmulo de funções e pouco conhecimento sobre a temática. Conclusões: os enfermeiros reconhecem a importância da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, mas ainda é necessário qualificar o processo de enfermagem às mulheres no puerpério

Objective:to identify potentialities and weaknesses of the Systematization of Nursing Care in the postpartum period. Method:qualitative exploratory descriptive study developed between August and December 2021 with 17 nurses who work in Family Health Strategy teams in a city in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and subjected to content analysis. Results:the potential of Nursing Care Systematization is related to satisfaction, organization of the work process and improvement in the quality of care. And, the weaknesses are associated with the lack of human resources and time, accumulation of functions and little knowledge on the subject. Conclusions:nurses recognize the importance of Systematizing Nursing Care, but it is still necessary to qualify the nursing process for women in the postpartum period.

Objetivo: identificar potencialidades y debilidades de la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería en el posparto. Método:estudio descriptivo exploratorio cualitativo desarrollado entre agosto y diciembre de 2021 con 17 enfermeros que actúan en equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en una ciudad de Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados:el potencial de la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería está relacionado con la satisfacción, la organización del proceso de trabajo y la mejora de la calidad de la atención. Y, las debilidades están asociadas a la falta de recursos humanos y de tiempo, acumulación de funciones y poco conocimiento sobre el tema. Conclusiones:los enfermeros reconocen la importancia de Sistematizar la Atención de Enfermería, pero aún es necesario calificar el proceso de enfermería para las mujeres en el posparto.

Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm: A Bursting Threat.

A 55-year-old man submitted to emergency surgery due to cardiac perforation by stabbing. One month later, he presented with chest pain, and a transthoracic echocardiogram revealed moderate-severe mitral regurgitation. After 6 months, a new transthoracic echocardiogram showed a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm, being later submitted to pseudoaneurysm exclusion and mitral valvuloplasty.

De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of Mycetophylax simplex Emery, 1888 through organelle targeting revels no substantial expansion of gene spacers, but rather some slightly shorter genes.

Mitochondria play a key role in cell biology and have their own genome, residing in a highly oxidative environment that induces faster changes than the nuclear genome. Because of this, mitochondrial markers have been exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in studies of adaptation and molecular evolution. In this study, we determined the complete mitogenome of the fungus-farming ant Mycetophylax simplex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and conducted a comparative analysis among 29 myrmicine ant mitogenomes. Mycetophylax simplex is an endemic ant that inhabits sand dunes along the southern Atlantic coast. Specifically, the species occur in the ecosystem known as "restinga", within the Atlantic Forest biome. Due to habitat degradation, land use and decline of restinga habitats, the species is considered locally extinct in extremely urban beaches and is listed as vulnerable on the Brazilian Red List (ICMBio). We employed a mitochondrion-targeting approach to obtain the complete mitogenome through high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. This method allowed us to determine the mitogenome with high performance, coverage and low cost. The circular mitogenome has a length of 16,367 base pairs enclosing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs) along with one control region (CR). All the protein-coding genes begin with a typical ATN codon and end with the canonical stop codons. All tRNAs formed the fully paired acceptor stems and fold into the typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structures. The gene order is consistent with the shared Myrmicinae structure, and the A + T content of the majority strand is 81.51%. Long intergenic spacers were not found but some gene are slightly shorter. The phylogenetic relationships based on concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods, indicated that mitogenome sequences were useful in resolving higher-level relationship within Formicidae.

Schistosoma mansoni vaccine candidates identified by unbiased phage display screening in self-cured rhesus macaques.

Schistosomiasis, a challenging neglected tropical disease, affects millions of people worldwide. Developing a prophylactic vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni has been hindered by the parasite's biological complexity. In this study, we utilized the innovative phage-display immunoprecipitation followed by a sequencing approach (PhIP-Seq) to screen the immune response of 10 infected rhesus macaques during self-cure and challenge-resistant phases, identifying vaccine candidates. Our high-throughput S. mansoni synthetic DNA phage-display library encoded 99.6% of 119,747 58-mer peptides, providing comprehensive coverage of the parasite's proteome. Library screening with rhesus macaques' antibodies, from the early phase of establishment of parasite infection, identified significantly enriched epitopes of parasite extracellular proteins known to be expressed in the digestive tract, shifting towards intracellular proteins during the late phase of parasite clearance. Immunization of mice with a selected pool of PhIP-Seq-enriched phage-displayed peptides from MEG proteins, cathepsins B, and asparaginyl endopeptidase significantly reduced worm burden in a vaccination assay. These findings enhance our understanding of parasite-host immune responses and provide promising prospects for developing an effective schistosomiasis vaccine.

Experiences of high-risk parturient women with the use of non-invasive care technologies / Experiencias de parturitas de alto riesgo con el uso de tecnologías de atención no invasivas / Experiências das parturientes de alto risco com o uso das tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze high-risk parturient women's experiences with the use of non-invasive nursing care technologies during labor. Method: this is qualitative and descriptive research, with twenty high-risk postpartum women admitted to a tertiary maternity hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected from April to July 2019 through semi-structured interviews, subjected to thematic content analysis and analyzed in light of Kristen Swanson's Theory of Caring. Results: the experiments revealed that theory processes were associated with the use of non-invasive care technologies by nurses. "Maintaining belief", "knowing" and "being with" were made up of the following technologies: encouraging self-confidence; understanding the lived experience; bond formation; and creating a supportive and helpful relationship with parturient women. The "doing for" and "enabling" processes included other technologies that promoted comfort and facilitated the experience such as: encouraging active participation and conscious breathing; stimulation of vertical positions and pelvic movements; companion involvement in care; using resources, such as warm water, Swiss balls and essential oils; and applying massages. Conclusion: parturient women realize that the use of non-invasive care technologies by nurses shapes experiences of well-being during labor, expressed in feelings of safety, acceptance, respect, appreciation, support and comfort. The importance of investing in nurses' work in assisting high-risk pregnancies is highlighted, as these technologies provide respectful care and women's satisfaction with childbirth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las experiencias de parturientas de alto riesgo con el uso de tecnologías de atención de enfermería no invasivas durante el parto. Método: investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, con veinte puérperas de alto riesgo ingresadas en una maternidad de tercer nivel del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados de abril a julio de 2019 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidos a análisis de contenido temático y analizados a la luz de la Teoría del Cuidado de Kristen Swanson. Resultados: los experimentos revelaron que los procesos teóricos estaban asociados con el uso de tecnologías de atención no invasivas por parte de las enfermeras. "Mantener la creencia", "saber" y "estar con" se componían de las siguientes tecnologías: fomentar la confianza en uno mismo; comprender la experiencia vivida; formación de enlaces; y construir una relación de apoyo y ayuda con la parturienta. Los procesos de "hacer por" y "habilitar" incluyeron otras tecnologías que promovieron la comodidad y facilitaron la experiencia, tales como: fomentar la participación activa y la respiración consciente; estimulación de posiciones verticales y movimientos pélvicos; participación del acompañante en el cuidado; aprovechamiento de recursos, como agua tibia, pelotas suizas y aceites esenciales; y aplicando masajes. Conclusión: las parturientas se dan cuenta de que el uso de tecnologías de atención no invasivas por parte de las enfermeras da forma a experiencias de bienestar durante el parto, expresadas en sentimientos de seguridad, aceptación, respeto, aprecio, apoyo y comodidad. Se destaca la importancia de invertir en la labor de enfermería en la asistencia a embarazos de alto riesgo, ya que estas tecnologías brindan un cuidado respetuoso y la satisfacción de las mujeres con el parto.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as experiências das parturientes de alto risco com o uso das tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem durante o trabalho de parto. Método: pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, com vinte puérperas de alto risco internadas em uma maternidade terciária do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de abril a julho de 2019, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática e analisados à luz da Teoria dos Cuidados de Kristen Swanson. Resultados: as experiências revelaram que os processos da teoria se associaram ao uso das tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado pelas enfermeiras. "Manter a crença", "conhecer" e "estar com" se conformaram com as seguintes tecnologias: incentivo à autoconfiança; compreensão da experiência vivida; formação de vínculo; e construção da relação de apoio e ajuda com a parturiente. Os processos "fazer por" e "possibilitar" contemplaram outras tecnologias que promoveram conforto e facilitaram a experiência como: incentivo à participação ativa e respiração consciente; estímulo aos posicionamentos verticalizados e movimentos pélvicos; envolvimento do acompanhante nos cuidados; uso de recursos, como água morna, bola suíça e óleos essenciais; e aplicação de massagens. Conclusão: as parturientes percebem que o uso das tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado pelas enfermeiras conforma experiências de bem-estar no trabalho de parto, expressas em sentimentos de segurança, acolhimento, respeito, valorização, apoio e conforto. Ressalta-se a importância de investimentos na atuação das enfermeiras na assistência às gestações de alto risco, pois essas tecnologias proporcionam cuidados respeitosos e satisfação das mulheres com o parto.

An Unlikely Cause of Groin Pain: Obturator Externus Tear in a Professional Soccer Player.

Groin pain is a common and complex problem in athletes, especially soccer players, associated with a wide variety of possible injuries in numerous anatomical structures. One of the causes of groin pain is damage to the deep muscles of the hip region, with isolated traumatic injury of the obturator externus muscle rarely described and probably underdiagnosed. This report describes a clinical case of a soccer player who presented with acute hip pain and buttock pain resulting from a rapid change of position in load, associated with pain with active hip external rotation and passive internal rotation. MRI demonstrated the presence of subaponeurotic/myo-aponeurotic obturator externus muscle tear. A conservative treatment was decided, targeting pain reduction and progressing range of motion gain and muscle strengthening of the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis and hip, and subsequently, it led to re-athletisation, with soccer-specific exercises. Return to play was 23 days after injury. This case shows that a high level of suspicion is necessary for the correct diagnosis; treatment is generally conservative and the isolated rupture of the external obturator can be considered relatively benign. However, it has the potential to be associated with a long period of absence from training and games.

Development of a molecular marker for the Pi1 gene based on the association of the SNAP protocol with the touch-up gradient amplification method.

Genetic resistance is the most effective and eco-friendly approach to combat rice blast. The application of resistance genes may be facilitated by the availability of molecular markers that allow marker-assisted selection during the breeding process. The Pi1 gene, considered to be a broad-spectrum resistance gene, might contribute to enhancing resistance to rice blast, but it lacks a suitable marker that can be used. In this study, we investigated nucleotide polymorphism in the Pik locus and combined the SNAP protocol with the touch-up gradient amplification method to develop a SNAP marker. The Pi1 SNAP marker could distinguish Pi1 from Pik alleles, and when used for screening a germplasm bank and an F2 population, it consistently identified germplasms carrying the Pi1 gene. The P1 SNAP marker offers as advantages to involve only the presence/absence analysis of PCR amplicons resolved on an agarose gel.

Ultrasound-Guided Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment for Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment in a Professional Handball Player.

Peripheral nerve injury in athletes is rare but deleterious to their performance, entrapment being one of the most frequent causes. Isolated injury to the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) is rare and often underdiagnosed. The authors reported a clinical case of a 34-year-old handball athlete who presented with neuropathic pain in the inferolateral third of the leg and dorsum of the foot, with three months of evolution, after an ankle sprain, refractory to conservative treatment. After clinical assessment and ultrasound investigation, it was considered that the pain source was likely to be an SPN entrapment. Thus, a diagnostic ultrasound-guided nerve block with 2ml of 2% lidocaine and 3ml of 0.2% ropivacaine was performed, followed by nerve hydrodissection, with a major improvement in the patient's symptoms and functionality for three weeks. Thereafter, a long-lasting alternative was made - pulsed radiofrequency (pRF). There were no complications after the procedure. As a form of neuromodulation, pRF offered pain resolution without tissue damage or painful sequela, after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up and complete participation in sports activity, avoiding surgical treatment. With this clinical case, the authors intend to demonstrate the effectiveness of pRF in the resolution of peripheral neuropathy due to entrapment, avoiding more invasive treatment options and, in the case of an athlete, allowing an early return to play. They also intend to corroborate the advantage of using ultrasound in the diagnosis and guide of minimally invasive procedures.

Long non-coding RNAs are essential for Schistosoma mansoni pairing-dependent adult worm homeostasis and fertility.

The trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni causes schistosomiasis, which affects over 200 million people worldwide. Schistosomes are dioecious, with egg laying depending on the females' obligatory pairing with males. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with low or no protein-coding potential that have been involved in other species with reproduction, stem cell maintenance, and drug resistance. In S. mansoni, we recently showed that the knockdown of one lncRNA affects the pairing status of these parasites. Here, we re-analyzed public RNA-Seq data from paired and unpaired adult male and female worms and their gonads, obtained from mixed-sex or single-sex cercariae infections, and found thousands of differentially expressed pairing-dependent lncRNAs among the 23 biological samples that were compared. The expression levels of selected lncRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR using an in vitro unpairing model. In addition, the in vitro silencing of three selected lncRNAs showed that knockdown of these pairing-dependent lncRNAs reduced cell proliferation in adult worms and their gonads, and are essential for female vitellaria maintenance, reproduction, and/or egg development. Remarkably, in vivo silencing of each of the three selected lncRNAs significantly reduced worm burden in infected mice by 26 to 35%. Whole mount in situ hybridization experiments showed that these pairing-dependent lncRNAs are expressed in reproductive tissues. These results show that lncRNAs are key components intervening in S. mansoni adult worm homeostasis, which affects pairing status and survival in the mammalian host, thus presenting great potential as new therapeutic target candidates.

Mitigation of nicotine-induced developmental effects by 24-epibrassinolide in zebrafish.

Nicotine is a highly addictive substance that can cause teratogenic impacts in the embryo through redox-dependent pathways. As antioxidants, naturally occurring chemicals can protect cells from redox imbalance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EPI), a natural brassinosteroid with well-known antioxidant properties, in protecting zebrafish embryos against nicotine's teratogenic effects. For 96 h, embryos (2 h post-fertilization - hpf) were exposed to 100 µM nicotine, co-exposed with 24-EPI (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µM), and 24-EPI alone (1 µM). Lethal and sublethal developmental characteristics were evaluated during exposure. Biochemical tests were performed at the conclusion of the exposure, and distinct behavioural paradigms were analysed 24 h later. Nicotine exposure resulted in a higher proportion of larvae with deformities, which were decreased following co-exposure to 24-EPI. Nicotine exposure also caused an increase in oxidative stress as observed by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase accompanied by an increase in the malondialdehyde levels. Besides, metabolic changes were noticed as observed by the increased lactate dehydrogenase activity that were hypothesised to be associated to nicotine-induced hypoxia which may be responsible for the increased oxidative damage. In addition, locomotor deficits were observed as well as a decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity denoting nicotine-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, co-exposure to 24-EPI alleviated behavioural deficits and improved nicotine-induced emotional states. Overall, and although further studies are required to clarify these effects, 24-EPI showed promising ameliorative properties against the teratogenic effects induced by nicotine.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Sporophila nigricollis (Aves, Passeriformes).

BACKGROUND: Sporophila nigricollis, popularly known as Yellow-bellied Seedeater, is a commonly trafficked bird in Brazil. This study describes the complete mitogenome of the species and its phylogenetic position. METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA sample was sequenced on MiSeq (Illumina®) sequencer. Reads were assembled to reference using Geneious. A total of 11,740 paired sequence reads were used to produce the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence with average coverage of 176x. The mitogenome was found to be circular in shape and consisted of 16,777 base pairs. The mitochondrial genome was annotated with MITOS and verified with ExPASy. Its structure contains two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transporter RNA (tRNA) genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and one control region. Twelve of the 13 PCGs have ATG as start codon. Seven of the 13 PCGs contain a TAA stop codon. Most of the tRNA genes and PCGs are encoded on the heavy strand. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with MEGA using the maximum likelihood method. Sporophila nigricollis grouped together with other Thraupidae species. CONCLUSION: This study presents the first complete mitogenome of Sporophila nigricollis and can be useful for research on evolution, ecology and conservation of this species.

Engajamento e qualidade de vida dos graduandos de enfermagem e medicina / Compromiso y calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería y medicina / Nursing and medical students' engagement and quality of life

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a correlação entre o engajamento e qualidade de vida dos estudantes de graduação em enfermagem e medicina de uma universidade privada. Métodos Estudo observacional analítico, transversal, abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 219 graduandos, por meio de três questionários autoaplicáveis: um com os dados sociodemográficos; Study & Well-being Survey para avaliar o engajamento do estudante e o Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Testou-se a normalidade dos dados por meio do teste de Kolmorov Smirnov e para a análise inferencial utilizou-se dentro dos padrões esperados, o teste de Correlação de Spearman entre as dimensões do engajamento e os domínios da qualidade de vida. Resultados Participaram 171 estudantes de medicina e 48 da enfermagem, 160 (73,06%) do sexo feminino e 59 (26,94%) do sexo masculino. O engajamento apresentou média de escore 3,57± 0,92 e a qualidade de vida com média maior que 50. A correlação entre engajamento e qualidade de vida foi considerada moderada entre a dimensão vigor e o domínio vitalidade (r=0,505) e saúde mental (r=0,332) e entre as dimensões dedicação(r=0,400) e absorção (r=0,313) com o domínio vitalidade. Conclusão A correlação mostrou-se fraca entre a maioria dos domínios da qualidade de vida e o engajamento dos graduandos de enfermagem e medicina.

Resumen Objetivo Investigar la correlación entre el compromiso y la calidad de vida de estudiantes de enfermería y medicina de una universidad privada. Métodos Estudio observacional analítico, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 219 estudiantes universitarios, mediante tres cuestionarios autoaplicados: uno con datos sociodemográficos, el Study & Well-being Survey para evaluar el compromiso de los estudiantes y el Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) para evaluar la calidad de vida. Se probó la normalidad de los datos mediante la prueba de Kolmorov Smirnov y, para el análisis inferencial, se utilizó dentro de los estándares esperados, la prueba de correlación de Spearman entre las dimensiones del compromiso y los dominios de calidad de vida. Resultados Participaron 171 estudiantes de medicina y 48 de enfermería, 160 (73,06 %) de sexo femenino y 59 (26,94 %) de sexo masculino. El compromiso presentó un puntaje promedio de 3,57± 0,92 y la calidad de vida un promedio mayor a 50. La correlación entre el compromiso y la calidad de vida se consideró moderada entre la dimensión vigor y el dominio vitalidad (r=0,505) y salud mental (r=0,332) y entre las dimensiones dedicación (r=0,400) y absorción (r=0,313) con el dominio vitalidad. Conclusión La correlación demostró ser escasa entre la mayoría de los dominios de calidad de vida y el compromiso de los estudiantes universitarios de enfermería y medicina.

Abstract Objective To investigate the correlation between nursing and medical students' engagement and quality of life at a private college. Methods This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 219 undergraduate students, using three self-administered questionnaires: one with sociodemographic data; Study & Well-being Survey, to assess student engagement; and the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), to assess quality of life. Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and for inferential analysis, within expected standards, Spearman's correlation test between the engagement dimensions and the quality of life domains was used. Results A total of 171 medical students and 48 nursing students participated, 160 (73.06%) female and 59 (26.94%) male. Engagement had a mean score of 3.57 ± 0.92 and quality of life with an average greater than 50. The correlation between engagement and quality of life was considered moderate between the vigor dimension and the energy/vitality domain (r=0.505), and health mental (r=0.332) and between dedication (r=0.400) and absorption (r=0.313) dimensions with the energy/vitality domain. Conclusion The correlation was weak between most nursing and medical students' quality of life and engagement domains.

Fatores facilitadores e limitadores da atuação das enfermeiras no controle da COVID-19 na assistência ao parto / Factores facilitadores y limitantes para el papel del enfermero en el control de la COVID-19 en la atención del parto / Facilitating and limiting factors for nurses' role in controlling COVID-19 in childbirth care

Resumo Objetivo discutir os fatores facilitadores e limitadores da atuação das enfermeiras no controle da COVID-19 na assistência ao parto. Métodos estudo descritivo e qualitativo, com 20 enfermeiras obstétricas de serviços públicos do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados de maio a julho de 2021, por entrevistas semiestruturadas, e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados como fatores facilitadores, têm-se: instalações físicas e recursos que proporcionam o uso individualizado; implementação de protocolos; reorganização do uso de ambientes coletivos; e preferência por cuidados que não requerem instrumentos ou a presença contínua da enfermeira. Como limitadores, apontam-se: a alta demanda assistencial; acomodações restritas e ventilação inadequada; carência de recursos; resistência ao uso de máscara; dificuldades das enfermeiras em manter o distanciamento físico nos cuidados; e incremento de práticas intervencionistas entre determinados profissionais. Conclusões e implicações para a prática serviços que passaram por adequações nos ambientes, com recursos disponíveis, corresponsabilização acerca das medidas sanitárias e onde as enfermeiras obstétricas modificaram seu processo de cuidar, apresentam melhores condições para proteger a saúde e mitigar a transmissão da COVID-19, com atenção à ambiência, humanização e aos direitos das mulheres no parto.

Resumen Objetivo discutir los factores facilitadores y limitantes de la actuación de los enfermeros en el control de la COVID-19 en la atención al parto. Métodos estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, con 20 parteras de servicios públicos del estado de Río de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recolectados de mayo a julio de 2021, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, y sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. Resultados como factores facilitadores, se encuentran: instalaciones físicas y recursos que brindan un uso individualizado; implementación de protocolos; reorganización del uso de los entornos colectivos; y preferencia por cuidados que no requieran instrumental o la presencia continua de la enfermera. Como limitantes, se destacan: la alta demanda de atención; alojamiento restringido y ventilación inadecuada; falta de recursos; resistencia a usar mascarilla; dificultades de las enfermeras para mantener la distancia física en el cuidado; y el aumento de las prácticas intervencionistas entre determinados profesionales. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica los servicios que sufrieron adaptaciones en los ambientes, con recursos disponibles, corresponsabilidad en las medidas sanitarias y donde las matronas modificaron su proceso de atención, presentan mejores condiciones para proteger la salud y mitigar la transmisión de la COVID-19, con atención al ambiente, la humanización y los derechos de la mujer durante el parto.

Abstract Objective to discuss the facilitating and limiting factors of nurses' performance in controlling COVID-19 in childbirth care. Methods a descriptive and qualitative study, with 20 nurse-midwives from public services in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected from May to July 2021, through semi-structured interviews, and submitted to thematic content analysis. Results as facilitating factors there are: physical installations and resources that provide individualized use; protocol implementation; reorganization of collective environment use; and preference for care that does not require instruments or nurses' continuous presence. As limiting factors, the following stand out: high demand for care; restricted accommodation and inadequate ventilation; lack of resources; resistance to wearing a mask; nurses' difficulty in maintaining physical distance in care; and increase in interventionist practices among certain professionals. Conclusions and implications for practice services that underwent adaptations in environments, with available resources, co-responsibility regarding sanitary measures and where nurse-midwives modified their care process, presented better conditions to protect health and mitigate COVID-19 transmission, with attention to environment, humanization and women's rights during childbirth.

Cesarianas em mulheres imigrantes segundo classificação de Robson, características maternas e adequação da assistência pré-natal / Cesarean sections in immigrant women, by Robson's classification, the mother's characteristics, and adequacy of antenatal care Cesáreas en mujeres inmigrantes según la clasificación de Robson, características maternas y adecuación de la atención prenatal / Cesáreas en mujeres inmigrantes según la clasificación de Robson, características maternas y adecuación de la atención prenatal

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição de cesáreas em imigrantes segundo classificação de Robson, características maternas e adequação da assistência pré-natal. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos referentes aos partos de mulheres imigrantes ocorridos no Paraná, no período de 2014 à 2021. Banco dados acessado em 2019 com atualização em 2022. Dados analisados com auxílio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Protocolo da pesquisa aprovado por Comitê de Ética. Resultados: dos 18.652 nascimentos analisados, 58,2% foram cesáreas, com maior chance de ocorrerem em imigrantes com até oito anos de estudo, com companheiro, pré-natal inadequado ou intermediário e classificadas nos grupos 1,3, e 4 de Robson. Os grupos 2,5,6,7,8 e 9 apresentaram-se como fator de proteção para essa via de parto. Conclusão: a cesariana foi mais frequente em imigrantes com baixa escolaridade, pré-natal inadequado ou intermediário e classificadas nos grupos 1, 3 e 4 de Robson.

Objective: to examine rates of Cesarean section in immigrant women, by Robson's classification, the mother's characteristics, and adequacy of prenatal care. Methods: this retrospective, cross-sectional study used data from the Live Births Information System on births by immigrant women in Paraná State from 2014 to 2021. The database was accessed in 2019, with an update in 2022. Data analysis was assisted by descriptive and inferential statistics. The research protocol was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: of the 18,652 births examined, 58.2% were by cesarean section, which was more likely to occur in immigrants with up to eight years of schooling, a partner, inadequate or intermediate prenatal care, and Robson group classification 1, 3, or 4. Classification in groups 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 was protective for cesarean delivery. Conclusion: cesarean delivery in immigrants was associated with schooling and marital status, adequacy of prenatal care, and classification in Robson groups.

Objetivo: analizar las tasas de cesáreas en inmigrantes según la clasificación de Robson, las características maternas y la adecuación de la atención prenatal. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal que utilizó datos del Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos referentes a los partos en mujeres inmigrantes en el estado de Paraná de 2014 a 2021. Base de datos consultada en 2019 con actualización en 2022. Los datos se analizaron con ayuda de las estadísticas descriptiva e inferencial. El protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: de los 18.652 nacimientos analizados, el 58,2% fue por cesárea, con mayor probabilidad de frecuencia en inmigrantes con hasta ocho años de escolaridad, con pareja, control prenatal inadecuado o intermedio y clasificadas en los grupos 1, 3 y 4 de Robson. Los grupos 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 y 9 se presentaron como factor de protección para el parto por cesárea. Conclusión: el parto por cesárea fue más frecuente en inmigrantes con baja escolaridad, control prenatal inadecuado o intermedio y con clasificación en los grupos 1, 3 y 4 de Robson.

Bem-estar subjetivo de residentes da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro durante a COVID-19 / Subjective well-being of residents of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region during COVID-19 / Bienestar subjetivo de residentes de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro durante el COVID-19

Objetivo: identificar o nível do bem-estar subjetivo e seus fatores associados em residentes na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal, com amostra de 143 residentes nessa região, de janeiro a maio de 2021. Os cinco itens do Índice de Bem-Estar da OMS-5 integraram o questionário eletrônico, autoadministrado. Análise pelos testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, p-valor˂0,05. Resultados: o escore do bem-estar subjetivo da amostra foi de 51,1, sendo esse escore menor nos homens (46,04) do que nas mulheres (53,42). O bem-estar apresentou associação estatística com adoecimento pela COVID-19; residência na Baixada Fluminense; sentimentos de tédio, frustração, aborrecimento, angústia, solidão e nervosismo durante o isolamento social; e risco de exposição ao SARS-CoV-2 no transporte alternativo. Conclusão: o bem-estar subjetivo demonstrou ter sido prejudicado pela pandemia da Covid-19 e cuidados de saúde mental devem ser ampliados no sistema de saúde.

Objective: to identify the level of subjective well-being and associated factors in residents of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this cross-sectional study of a sample of 143 residents of the region was conducted from January to May 2021. The electronic, self-administered questionnaire comprised the five items of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Analysis was by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests (p-value ˂ 0.05). Results: overall, the sample scored 51.1 in subjective well-being; men scored lower (46.04) than women (53.42). Well-being showed a statistical association with illness from COVID-19; residence in the Baixada Fluminense; feelings of boredom, frustration, annoyance, anguish, loneliness and nervousness during social isolation; and risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on alternative transport. Conclusion: subjective well-being seems to have been harmed by the Covid-19 pandemic, and mental health care must be expanded in the health system.

Objetivo: identificar el nivel de bienestar subjetivo y sus factores asociados en residentes de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal, con una muestra de 143 residentes en esta región, de enero a mayo de 2021. Los cinco ítems del Índice de Bienestar OMS-5 formaron parte del cuestionario electrónico autoadministrado. El análisis se hizo por las pruebas de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y la prueba Exacta de Fisher, p-valor˂0.05. Resultados: la puntuación de bienestar subjetivo de la muestra fue de 51,1, siendo menor en los hombres (46,04) que en las mujeres (53,42). El bienestar mostró una asociación estadística con la enfermedad por COVID-19; residencia en Baixada Fluminense; sentimientos de aburrimiento, frustración, molestia, angustia, soledad y nerviosismo durante el aislamiento social; y riesgo de exposición al SARS-CoV-2 en transporte alternativo. Conclusión: el bienestar subjetivo parece haber sido perjudicado por la pandemia de Covid-19 y la atención a la salud mental debe ser ampliada en el sistema de salud.