Asunto(s)
Células Dendríticas , Eritema Multiforme , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-3 , Transducción de Señal , Receptor Toll-Like 7 , Receptor Toll-Like 9 , Humanos , Eritema Multiforme/patología , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-3/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 7/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 9/metabolismo , Recurrencia , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Introduction: Clavicle fractures in adults are increasingly being treated by surgical fixation following reports of symptomatic non-union, malunion and poor functional outcome with conservative treatment. This has led to a similar trend in the management of clavicle fractures in adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the outcome and complications of non-operatively treated clavicle fractures in adolescents. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, single institution study on adolescents aged 13-17 years who sustained a closed, isolated clavicle fracture, between 19972015. Clinical records were reviewed for demographic information, injury mode, time to radiographic fracture union, time to re-attainment of full shoulder range of motion (ROM), and time to return to full activities and sports. Complications and fracture-related issues were recorded. Radiographs were analysed for fracture location, displacement and shortening. Results: A total of 115 patients (98 males, 17 females; mean age:13.9 ± 0.89 years) were included for study. 101 (88%) sustained a middle-third fracture while the remainder sustained a lateral-third fracture. A total of 96 (95%) of the middle-third fractures were displaced, and 12 (86%) of the lateral-third fractures were displaced. All displaced fractures in this study had shortening. Sports-related injuries and falls accounted for 68 (59%) and 34 (30%) of the cases respectively. Overall, the mean time to radiographic fracture union was 7.8 ± 4.35 weeks; there were no cases of non-union. Full shoulder ROM was re-attained in 6.6 ± 3.61 weeks, and full activities and sports was resumed in 11.4 ± 4.69 weeks. There were 5 cases of re-fracture and a single case of intermittent fracture site pain. Conclusion: Clavicle fractures in adolescents can and should be treated non-operatively in the first instance with the expectation of good outcomes in terms of time for fracture union, reattainment of shoulder full range of motion, and return to activities. Surgical stabilisation should be reserved for cases for which there is an absolute indication.
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Wild fish domestication can be considered a strategic approach to endangered species conservation, supporting studies and reducing economic and environmental costs. Three of the most important strategies in the domestication processes of fish are the adaptation of wild fish to captivity, the reproduction of the adapted fish and the production and maintenance of the young individuals. That being said, the present study is divided in three experiments: the 1st aimed to adapt wild Pseudopimelodus mangurus to captivity environment using different feeding approaches and a prophylactic strategie; the 2nd aimed to reproduce the adapted individuals from the 1st experiment; and the 3rd aimed to train the P. mangurus juveniles to accept commercial diets. The 1st and 2nd experiments were successful at the maintenance and artificial reproduction of P. mangurus kept in tanks between the reproductive seasons. The results suggest that the reproductive performance of animals kept in captivity (initial relative fertility-IRF = 609.25 ± 36.6 eggs/g) was similar (p > 0,05) to the performance found in wild individuals (IRF = 679.21 ± 45.66 eggs/g). Feed training of P. mangurus juveniles (3rd experiment) was also conducted, evaluating three feeding treatments with different concentrations of bovine heart and ration. At the end of the experiment, the treatment containing half bovine heart and half commercial feeding resulted in the highest values of weight gain (0.10 ± 0.16 g), specific growth rate (0.37 ± 0.11 mm), length (47.78 ± 2.35 mm) and growth (2.15 ± 2.27 mm), suggesting reasonable acceptability to artificial diets in the cultivation of this species. As conclusion, the present study contributes with the development of techniques for the domestication of fresh water fish species with commercial value or andangered of extinction, showing the domestication and reproduction of wild P. mangurus in captivity. However, more studies have to be conducted in order to improve the acceptance of artificial feeding by juveniles and to increase their survival rate.
A domesticação de peixes selvagens pode ser considerada uma abordagem estratégica para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas, apoiando estudos e reduzindo custos econômicos e ambientais. Três das estratégias mais importantes para o processo de domesticação de peixes são a adaptação dos peixes ao cativeiro, a reprodução dos peixes adaptados e a produção e manutenção dos indivíduos jovens. O presente estudo está dividido em três partes: a 1ª objetivou adaptar Pseudopimelodus mangurus selvagens ao ambiente de cativeiro usando diferentes abordagens alimentares e uma estratégia profilática; o 2º objetivou reproduzir os indivíduos adaptados do 1º experimento; e o 3º teve como objetivo treinar os juvenis de P. mangurus para aceitar dietas comerciais. O 1o e 2o experimento obteveram sucesso na manutenção e reprodução artificial de P. mangurus mantidos em tanques entre as estações reprodutivas. Os resultados sugerem que o desempenho reprodutivo dos animais mantidos em cativeiro (fertilidade inicial relativa-FIR = 609,25 ± 36,6 ovos / g) foi similar (p> 0,05) ao dos indivíduos selvagens (FIR = 679,21 ± 45,66 ovos / g). O treinamento alimentar de P. mangurus juvenis (3º experimento) também foi realizado avaliando-se 3 tratamentos alimentares com diferentes concentrações de coração bovino e ração. Ao final do experimento, o tratamento contendo metade coração bovino e metade ração gerou os maiores valores de ganho de peso (0,10 ± 0,16 g), taxa de crescimento específico (0,37 ± 0,11 mm), comprimento (47,78 ± 2,35 mm) e crescimento (2,15 ± 2,27 mm), sugerindo razoável aceitabilidade para dietas artificiais no cultivo desta espécie. Como conclusão, o presente estudo contribui com o desenvolvimento de técnicas para a domesticação espécies de peixes de água doce, de interesse comercial ou ameaçados de extinção, mostrando a domesticação e reproduçao de em cativeiro P. Mangurus selvagens. No entanto, mais estudos devem ser conduzidos no intuito de aumentar a aceitação de dietas comerciais pelos juvenis e melhorar sua taxa sobrevivência.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bagres , Acuicultura/métodos , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Reproducción , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinaria , DomesticaciónRESUMEN
Abstract Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
Resumo Apesar do potencial apresentado pela tecnologia de propagação mediada para a aquicultura e conservação de peixes Neotropicais, o pobre entendimento do sistema imune do hospedeiro pode resultar na rejeição e destruição do material do doador. Com isso, se fazem necessários o estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos para análise tanto dos efeitos de drogas imunossupressoras quanto para a avaliação da imunocompatibilidade entre doadores e receptores. Logo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aperfeiçoar um método para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em Astyanax altiparanae usando Saccharomyces cerevisiae marcado e avaliar seu perfil hematológico resultante da indução inflamatória. Para isso, S. cerevisiae foram marcados com vermelho Congo e injetados na cavidade celomática dos A. altiparanae na concentração de 2,5 x 106 células.mL-1. Peixes injetados com PBS e peixes não injetados foram mantidos como controle. Sangue foi colhido e a capacidade fagocítica e o índice fagocítico foram determinados após 1, 2, 3 e 6 horas após à injeção (hpi). A injeção de levedura estimulou a fagocitose com sucesso, com o melhor resultado atingido após 2 hpi. Ainda, foi observada uma alta rastreabilidade das leveduras fagocitadas e não fagocitadas sob microscopia óptica devido à marcação com vermelho Congo. O perfil hematológico foi similar ao observado usualmente em infecções recém-induzidas, indicando migração de linfócitos ao sítio inflamatório e aumento no número de fagócitos circulantes devido à resposta natural ao estímulo inflamatório. Como conclusão, nosso método foi eficiente para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em A. altiparanae e será uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação de eficácia de drogas imunossopressoras para esta espécie. Em adição, estes resultados podem contribuir para futuros estudos em imunocompetência em peixes, tanto em âmbito laboratorial quanto a campo.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Characidae , Hematología , Fagocitosis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , AcuiculturaRESUMEN
Abstract Although the potential of surrogate propagation technology for aquaculture and conservation of Neotropical fish, the poor understanding of the host immune system may results in rejection and destruction of the donor material. Thus, it is necessary to study and to develop methods to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs employment and to evaluate the immunocompatibility between donor and receptor. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize a methodology to assess in vivo phagocytosis in Astyanax altiparanae using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to evaluate their hematological response resultant from the inflammatory induction. To this, S. cerevisiae were labeled with Congo red and injected in the coelomic cavity of A. altiparanae at the concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells mL-1. A PBS solution and a non-injected group were kept as control. Fish blood was sampled and the phagocytic capacity and index were determined at 1, 2, 3 and 6 h post-injection (hpi). The yeast injection successfully stimulated phagocytosis, with the best result for phagocytosis assessment after 2 hpi. Moreover, it was achieved a high traceability of phagocytized and non-phagocytized yeast under optic microscopy analysis due to the Congo red labeling. The hematological profile was similar to usually observed in early infections, indicating lymphocyte migration to inflammatory site and increase in number of circulating phagocytes due to natural response to inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, our method was efficient to assess in vivo phagocytosis in A. altiparanae and will be an important tool to evaluate the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in this species. Additionally, these results may serve as support for further studies in fish immunocompetence, both in laboratory and in field conditions.
Resumo Apesar do potencial apresentado pela tecnologia de propagação mediada para a aquicultura e conservação de peixes Neotropicais, o pobre entendimento do sistema imune do hospedeiro pode resultar na rejeição e destruição do material do doador. Com isso, se fazem necessários o estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos para análise tanto dos efeitos de drogas imunossupressoras quanto para a avaliação da imunocompatibilidade entre doadores e receptores. Logo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aperfeiçoar um método para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em Astyanax altiparanae usando Saccharomyces cerevisiae marcado e avaliar seu perfil hematológico resultante da indução inflamatória. Para isso, S. cerevisiae foram marcados com vermelho Congo e injetados na cavidade celomática dos A. altiparanae na concentração de 2,5 x 106 células.mL-1. Peixes injetados com PBS e peixes não injetados foram mantidos como controle. Sangue foi colhido e a capacidade fagocítica e o índice fagocítico foram determinados após 1, 2, 3 e 6 horas após à injeção (hpi). A injeção de levedura estimulou a fagocitose com sucesso, com o melhor resultado atingido após 2 hpi. Ainda, foi observada uma alta rastreabilidade das leveduras fagocitadas e não fagocitadas sob microscopia óptica devido à marcação com vermelho Congo. O perfil hematológico foi similar ao observado usualmente em infecções recém-induzidas, indicando migração de linfócitos ao sítio inflamatório e aumento no número de fagócitos circulantes devido à resposta natural ao estímulo inflamatório. Como conclusão, nosso método foi eficiente para analisar a fagocitose in vivo em A. altiparanae e será uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação de eficácia de drogas imunossopressoras para esta espécie. Em adição, estes resultados podem contribuir para futuros estudos em imunocompetência em peixes, tanto em âmbito laboratorial quanto a campo.
RESUMEN
Abstract Wild fish domestication can be considered a strategic approach to endangered species conservation, supporting studies and reducing economic and environmental costs. Three of the most important strategies in the domestication processes of fish are the adaptation of wild fish to captivity, the reproduction of the adapted fish and the production and maintenance of the young individuals. That being said, the present study is divided in three experiments: the 1st aimed to adapt wild Pseudopimelodus mangurus to captivity environment using different feeding approaches and a prophylactic strategie; the 2nd aimed to reproduce the adapted individuals from the 1st experiment; and the 3rd aimed to train the P. mangurus juveniles to accept commercial diets. The 1st and 2nd experiments were successful at the maintenance and artificial reproduction of P. mangurus kept in tanks between the reproductive seasons. The results suggest that the reproductive performance of animals kept in captivity (initial relative fertility-IRF = 609.25 ± 36.6 eggs/g) was similar (p > 0,05) to the performance found in wild individuals (IRF = 679.21 ± 45.66 eggs/g). Feed training of P. mangurus juveniles (3rd experiment) was also conducted, evaluating three feeding treatments with different concentrations of bovine heart and ration. At the end of the experiment, the treatment containing half bovine heart and half commercial feeding resulted in the highest values of weight gain (0.10 ± 0.16 g), specific growth rate (0.37 ± 0.11 mm), length (47.78 ± 2.35 mm) and growth (2.15 ± 2.27 mm), suggesting reasonable acceptability to artificial diets in the cultivation of this species. As conclusion, the present study contributes with the development of techniques for the domestication of fresh water fish species with commercial value or andangered of extinction, showing the domestication and reproduction of wild P. mangurus in captivity. However, more studies have to be conducted in order to improve the acceptance of artificial feeding by juveniles and to increase their survival rate.
Resumo A domesticação de peixes selvagens pode ser considerada uma abordagem estratégica para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas, apoiando estudos e reduzindo custos econômicos e ambientais. Três das estratégias mais importantes para o processo de domesticação de peixes são a adaptação dos peixes ao cativeiro, a reprodução dos peixes adaptados e a produção e manutenção dos indivíduos jovens. O presente estudo está dividido em três partes: a 1ª objetivou adaptar Pseudopimelodus mangurus selvagens ao ambiente de cativeiro usando diferentes abordagens alimentares e uma estratégia profilática; o 2º objetivou reproduzir os indivíduos adaptados do 1º experimento; e o 3º teve como objetivo treinar os juvenis de P. mangurus para aceitar dietas comerciais. O 1o e 2o experimento obteveram sucesso na manutenção e reprodução artificial de P. mangurus mantidos em tanques entre as estações reprodutivas. Os resultados sugerem que o desempenho reprodutivo dos animais mantidos em cativeiro (fertilidade inicial relativa-FIR = 609,25 ± 36,6 ovos / g) foi similar (p> 0,05) ao dos indivíduos selvagens (FIR = 679,21 ± 45,66 ovos / g). O treinamento alimentar de P. mangurus juvenis (3º experimento) também foi realizado avaliando-se 3 tratamentos alimentares com diferentes concentrações de coração bovino e ração. Ao final do experimento, o tratamento contendo metade coração bovino e metade ração gerou os maiores valores de ganho de peso (0,10 ± 0,16 g), taxa de crescimento específico (0,37 ± 0,11 mm), comprimento (47,78 ± 2,35 mm) e crescimento (2,15 ± 2,27 mm), sugerindo razoável aceitabilidade para dietas artificiais no cultivo desta espécie. Como conclusão, o presente estudo contribui com o desenvolvimento de técnicas para a domesticação espécies de peixes de água doce, de interesse comercial ou ameaçados de extinção, mostrando a domesticação e reproduçao de em cativeiro P. Mangurus selvagens. No entanto, mais estudos devem ser conduzidos no intuito de aumentar a aceitação de dietas comerciais pelos juvenis e melhorar sua taxa sobrevivência.
RESUMEN
Este estudo avaliou as associações e dissociações encontradas entre déficits de memória episódica em relação aos de funções executivas e verificou se estes déficits encontrados eram primários ou secundários. Os 81 pacientes pós-Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) foram avaliados por meio do Teste de Aprendizagem Auditivo-Verbal de Rey e do Teste Hayling. Os resultados sugerem que prejuízo na velocidade de controle inibitório pode contribuir para déficit na memória episódica e que as velocidades de iniciação e inibição parecem ser complementares, mas a primeira precede a segunda. Nossos achados ressaltam que os prejuízos executivos provavelmente sejam primários em nossa amostra de pacientes pós-TCE e que estes prejuízos podem causar déficits na memória episódica
The present study evaluated the presence of associations and dissociations between impairments in episodic memory and executive functions in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and verified whether these deficits were primary or secondary. Eighty-one patients with TBI were assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Hayling Test. The results suggest that impairments in inhibition speed may contribute to deficits in episodic memory, and that initiation and inhibition abilities may be complementary and the first precedes the second. Our findings highlighted that primary executive impairment following TBI may lead to episodic memory deficits
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Memoria , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/psicologíaRESUMEN
Cocaine sensitization is a marker for some facets of addiction, is greater in female rats, and may be influenced by their sex hormones. We compared the modulatory effects of endogenous or exogenous estradiol and progesterone on cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in 106 female rats. Ovariectomized female rats received progesterone (0.5 mg/mL), estradiol (0.05 mg/mL), progesterone plus estradiol, or the oil vehicle. Sham-operated control females received oil. Control and acute subgroups received injections of saline, while the repeated group received cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) for 8 days. After 10 days, the acute and repeated groups received a challenge dose of cocaine, after which locomotion and stereotypy were monitored. The estrous cycle phase was evaluated and blood was collected to verify hormone levels. Repeated cocaine treatment induced overall behavioral sensitization in female rats, with increased locomotion and stereotypies. In detailed analysis, ovariectomized rats showed no locomotor sensitization; however, the sensitization of stereotypies was maintained. Only females with endogenous estradiol and progesterone demonstrated increased locomotor activity after cocaine challenge. Estradiol replacement enhanced stereotyped behaviors after repeated cocaine administration. Cocaine sensitization of stereotyped behaviors in female rats was reduced after progesterone replacement, either alone or concomitant with estradiol. The behavioral responses (locomotion and stereotypy) to cocaine were affected differently, depending on whether the female hormones were of an endogenous or exogenous origin. Therefore, hormonal cycling appears to be an important factor in the sensitization of females. Although estradiol increases the risk of cocaine sensitization, progesterone warrants further study as a pharmacological treatment in the prevention of psychostimulant abuse.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Sensibilización del Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos de los fármacos , Cocaína/farmacología , Estradiol/sangre , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Progesterona/sangre , Conducta Estereotipada/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Cocaína/administración & dosificación , Estradiol/farmacología , Ciclo Estral/sangre , Terapia de Reemplazo de Hormonas , Ovariectomía , Progesterona/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Factores SexualesAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Astenia , Absceso Piógeno Hepático , Absceso Piógeno Hepático/complicaciones , Absceso Piógeno Hepático/etiología , Fiebre de Origen Desconocido , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Drenaje , Hígado , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Pruebas Serológicas , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodosRESUMEN
Envenomation by Loxosceles bites is characterized by dermonecrotic and/or systemic features that lead to several clinical signs and symptoms called loxoscelism. Dermonecrotic lesions are preceded by thrombosis of the dermal plexus. Recent studies show that atheromatous plaque is prone to thrombosis due to endothelial cell apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of microscopic dermal lesion and endothelial cell apoptosis induced by Loxosceles similis venom in the literature. Thus, the aim of the present study is to describe histological lesions induced by L. similis venom in rabbit skin and to elucidate whether apoptosis of endothelial cells is involved in the pathogenesis of loxoscelism. Forty male rabbits were split into two groups: the control group (intradermally injected with 50 µL of PBS) and the experimental group (intradermally injected with 0.5 µg of L. similis crude venom diluted in 50 µL of PBS). After 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours of injection, skin fragments were collected and processed for paraffin or methacrylate embedding. Sections of 5 µm thick were stained by HE, PAS or submitted to TUNEL reaction. Microscopically, severe edema, diffuse heterophilic inflammatory infiltrate, perivascular heterophilic infiltrate, thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis of arteriolar wall and cutaneous muscle necrosis were observed. Two hours after venom injection, endothelial cells with apoptosis morphology were evidenced in the dermal plexus. Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL reaction. It seems that endothelial cell apoptosis and its consequent desquamation is an important factor that induces thrombosis and culminates in dermonecrosis, which is characteristic of cutaneous loxoscelism.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Intoxicación/patología , Piel/patología , Venenos de Araña , Conejos/lesionesRESUMEN
The skin has an important role in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as the infection pathway in dogs. To better characterize the inflammatory response of intact skin in VL, sixty infected dogs (30 symptomatic and 30 asymptomatic) and six non-infected controls were studied. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed by RIFI and ELISA; direct visualization of the parasite in bone marrow aspirate; imprints of popliteal lymph nodes, spleen, liver and skin; culture in NNN-phase liquid Schneider's medium; and PCR (performed only in the ear skin). Amastigote forms of the parasite in intact skin were found only in symptomatic dogs. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed in all groups, varying from intense and/or moderate in symptomatic to discrete and/or negligible in asymptomatic and control animals. Parasite load was associated with the intensity of the inflammatory response and with clinical manifestations in canine visceral leishmaniasis. AgNOr as active transcription markers were expressed in inflammatory cells and within apoptotic bodies in all groups, including controls, with no statistical difference. Therefore, cell activation and transcription do occur in both symptomatic and asymptomatic canine visceral leishmaniasis and may result in more necrosis and inflammation or in apoptosis and less symptoms, depending on the parasite load.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Oído , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodosRESUMEN
Fanconi anemia is a rare hereditary disease showing genetic heterogeneity due to a variety of mutations in genes involved in DNA repair pathways, which may lead to different clinical manifestations. Phenotypic variability makes diagnosis difficult based only on clinical manifestations, therefore laboratory tests are necessary. New advances in molecular pathogenesis of this disease led researchers to develop a diagnostic test based on Western blot for FANCD2. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of this method for the diagnosis of 84 Brazilian patients with Fanconi anemia, all of whom tested positive for the diepoxybutane test, and 98 healthy controls. The FANCD2 monoubiquitinated isoform (FANCDS+/FANCD2L-) was not detected in 77 patients (91.7 percent). In 2 patients (2.4 percent), there was an absence of both the monoubiquitinated and the non-ubiquitinated proteins (FANCD2S-/FANCD2L-) and 5 patients (5.9 percent) had both isoforms (FANCD2S+/FANCD2L+). This last phenotype suggests downstream subtypes or mosaicism. All controls were diepoxybutane negative and were also negative on the FANCD2 Western blot. The Western blot for FANCD2 presented a sensitivity of 94 percent (79/84) and specificity of 100 percent (98/98). This method was confirmed as an efficient approach to screen Brazilian patients with deleterious mutations on FANCD2 (FANCD2S-/FANCD2L-) or other upstream genes of the FA/BRCA pathway (FANCDS+/FANCD2L-), to confirm the chromosome breakage test and to classify patients according to the level of FA/BRCA pathway defects. However, patients showing both FANCD2 isoforms (FANCD2S+/FANCD2L+) require additional studies to confirm mutations on downstream Fanconi anemia genes or the presence of mosaicism.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , /análisis , /genética , Anemia de Fanconi/diagnóstico , Western Blotting , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Rotura Cromosómica , Compuestos Epoxi , Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Fenotipo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A camomila [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert], é uma planta empregada na indústria de medicamentos, cosméticos e alimentos. Os frutos secos da camomila conhecidos por "sementes" são provenientes dos capítulos florais, dos quais pode-se extrair um óleo fixo rico em ácidos graxos insaturados. Através da técnica de extração com hexano em dispositivo de soxhlet, foi obtido o óleo bruto dos frutos secos da camomila em 19 por cento de rendimento. O óleo foi caracterizado pela técnica de CG-EM, revelando um elevado teor de ácido linoleico na sua composição. Portanto, o óleo oriundo dos frutos secos da camomila vem a ser uma matéria-prima potencialmente útil na dermo-farmácia.
Chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert], is a plant employed in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. The chamomile dried fruits known as "seeds" they derive from floral chapters from which fixed oil rich in unsatured fatty acids can be extracted. Through the use of a soxhlet apparatus, using hexane as solvent, the chamomile dried fruits crude oil was obtained in 19 percent yields. This oil, was characterized by GC-MS technique and showed a high ratio of linoleic acid in its composition. Therefore, the chamomile dried fruits oil is a potential material to be used in the dermatological-pharmacy.
RESUMEN
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, susceptibility to cancer and multiple congenital anomalies. There is important clinical variability among patients and the knowledge of factors which might predict outcome would greatly help the decision making regarding the choices of treatment and the appropriate time to start it. Future studies of the possible correlation between specific mutations with specific clinical presentations will provide the answer to one of these factors. At our Center we standardized a rapid and precise screening test using a mismatch PCR assay for a specific mutation (3788-3790del in exon 38 of gene FANCA) in Brazilian FA patients. We present the results obtained after screening 80 non-consanguineous FA patients referred from all regions of Brazil with a clinical diagnosis of FA supported by cellular hypersensitivity to diepoxybutane. We were able to detect the 3788-3790del allele in 24 of the 80 (30 percent) FA patients studied. Thirteen of the 80 (16.25 percent) were homozygotes and 11 of the 80 (13.75 percent) were compound heterozygotes, thus confirming the high frequency of the FANCA 3788-3790del mutation in Brazilian FA patients. The identification of patients with specific mutations in the FA genes may lead to a better clinical description of this condition, also providing data for genotype-phenotype correlations, to a better understanding of the interaction of this specific mutation with other mutations in compound heterozygote patients, and ultimately to the right choices of treatment for each patient with improvement of the prognosis on future studies.
Asunto(s)
Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Exones/genética , Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Mutación/genética , Proteínas/genética , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN , Anemia de Fanconi/epidemiología , Eliminación de Gen , Marcadores Genéticos , Pruebas Genéticas , Heterocigoto , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
El síndrome del desmedro multisistémico postdestete (PMWS) fue descrito por primera vez en Canadá en el año 1991 y desde entonces un número creciente de casos han sido diagnosticados en todo el mundo. En la Argentina, el PMWS fue reportado por primera vez recientemente. Se estudiaron 48 cerdos de 5 a 12 semanas de edad con signos característicos de PMWS procedentes de 19 granjas. Si bien se desconoce la distribución real del virus en nuestro país se observó desde el año 2001 un número creciente de granjas con PMWS y distribuidas en las principales provincias productoras. La histopatología fue una herramienta diagnóstica importante en casos sospechosos de PMWS con la observación de diferentes grados de lesión. En los animales estudiados las infecciones secundarias pudieron ser importantes, ya sea por patógenos oportunistas o por complicaciones bacterianas.
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome was first described in Canada in 1991 and at present an increasing number of cases has been diagnosed worldwide. In Argentina the first cases of PMWS were reported recently. Forty eight 5 to 12 week old pigs with signs characteristic of PMWS from 19 farms were studied. Although the real distribution of the virus in our country is not known it was observed an increasing number of farms with PMWS distributed in the major producing provinces. The histopathology was an important tool in diagnosis of suspicious cases of PMWS with the observation of different degrees of lesion. In the studied animals, the secondary infections, either by opportunistic pathogens or secondary bacteria could be important.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/patología , Síndrome Debilitante/patología , Argentina/epidemiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/patología , Infecciones Bacterianas/veterinaria , Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Sistema Nervioso Central/virología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/patología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/virología , Circovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Células Gigantes/virología , Cuerpos de Inclusión Viral/ultraestructura , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/virología , Macrófagos/virología , Infecciones Oportunistas/epidemiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/microbiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/patología , Infecciones Oportunistas/veterinaria , Sobreinfección , Sus scrofa , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Vísceras/patología , Vísceras/virología , Síndrome Debilitante/epidemiología , Síndrome Debilitante/virologíaRESUMEN
The anti-inflammatory activities of new compounds (I, II, II and IV) synthesized in 30% overall yield from the abundant natural product safrole, the principal chemical constituent of the oil of sassafras (Ocotea pretiosa, Lauraceae), were determined in mice. The synthesis of these new indenyl-acetic acids (I and II) and indenyl-propionic acids (III and IV) was based on the minimal structural features of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents of the aryl- or heteroarylcarboxylic acid group. The compounds exhibited potencies 4- to 10-fold less than that of indometacin in inhibiting carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema. In contrast, like sulindac, all the new compounds were more potent than indomethacin in antagonizing writhing pain and increased vascular permeability caused by acetic acid. The results confirm the anticipated bioisosteric relationship between these synthetic derivatives, designed as sulindac analogues, and the classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin
Asunto(s)
Ratones , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Indometacina/biosíntesis , Safrol/metabolismo , Sulindac/análogos & derivados , Analgesia , Permeabilidad Capilar/efectos de los fármacos , Química , Safrol/análogos & derivados , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
De uma infeccao inicialmente dupla em camundongo, estabelecida por inoculo simultaneo e equivalente de formas sanguineas das cepas Y e F de Trypanosoma cruzi, duas linhagens foram originadas por subinoculacoes: uma (W) passada casa semana, a outra (M) cada mes. Por metodos biologicos e bioquimicos apenas a cepa Y foi identificada ao fim a 10a. e 16a. passagens da linhagem W e apenas a cepa F na 2a. e 4a.passagens de linhagem M. Os resultados demonstram a selecao de cepas atraves de manipulacao em laboratorio de populacoes inicialmente mistas de T. cruzi