[Clinical heterogeneity of atypical fractures during prolonged use of bisphosphonates--risk factors and bone turnover markers]. / Heterogeneidade na apresentação clínica de fraturas atípicas após uso prolongado de bisfosfonatos--fatores de risco e marcadores de remodelação óssea.

We describe four cases of atypical femoral fractures treated at the Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná (SEMPR) which, although characteristic of this type of fracture, presented clinical peculiarities that should be considered and serve as a warning in these patients, such as: late diagnosis with maintenance of bisphosphonates; absence of co-morbidities with excellent result; failure of fracture healing; use of anabolic medication after the fracture and the use of bone turnover markers at the follow up.

Prevalência da infecção por Chlamydia Trachomatis e Neisseria Gonorrhoea em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas em uma cidade do Sul do Brasil / Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoea infections in sexual actives young women at a Southern Brazilian city

OBJETIVO: conhecer a prevalência da clamídia e da gonorreia numa amostra de mulheres da cidade de Curitiba. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com mulheres sexualmente ativas entre 16 e 23 anos, útero intacto, não gestantes, com até quatro parceiros sexuais, sem evidência de cervicite purulenta ou febre e que foram submetidas a exame pélvico e avaliadas pelo método PCR em amostra de urina para clamídia e gonorreia. Os critérios de exclusão foram: vacinação para o HPV, história de vacinação nos últimos 21 dias, citologia oncótica anterior anormal, história de verrugas genitais, esplenectomia, distúrbios imunológicos e uso de imunossupressores. Foi aplicada entrevista contendo dados sociodemográficos, gineco-obstétricos e de comportamento de risco para doença sexualmente transmissível. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste do c2 ou o teste exato de Fisher para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis. RESULTADOS: a prevalência da infecção por clamídia e gonorreia no grupo estudado foi de 10,7 e 1,5 por cento, respectivamente, sendo a taxa de coinfecção de 0,9 por cento. Não foi encontrada correlação entre as faixas de idade das voluntárias, a idade de início da atividade sexual, o número de parceiros sexuais e o número de novos parceiros sexuais nos últimos seis meses, com a presença de clamídia ou gonorreia. As mulheres que apresentavam corrimento ou ectrópio tiveram uma prevalência de infecção por clamídia duas vezes mais alta do que aquelas que não apresentavam esses sinais. CONCLUSÕES: os resultados foram similares aos estudos nacionais, utilizando PCR em amostra de urina para detecção de clamídia e gonorreia, com amostras de mulheres não gestantes nas mesmas faixas de idade e com os mesmos antecedentes. Por terem sido excluídas as voluntárias com mais de quatro parceiros sexuais e aquelas que apresentavam endocervicite purulenta, acredita-se que a prevalência da infecção pela clamídia e gonorreia poderia ter sido maior na população estudada.

PURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea in a sample of women from Curitiba. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study with a sample of sexually active non-pregnant women aged between 16 and 23 years-old, with an intact uterus, with up to four sexual partners, without evidence of fever or purulent cervicitis, submitted to pelvic examination and PCR-based urine- testing for Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Exclusion criteria included: vaccination for HPV, vaccination history for the past 21 days, previous abnormal cytology, history of genital warts, splenectomy, immune disorders, and use of immunosuppressive drugs. An interview regarding sociodemographic and obstetric data and gynecological risk behavior for sexual transmitted diseases was applied. For statistical analysis, we used the c2 or Fisher’s exact test to assess the association between variables. RESULTS: the prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea infection in the study group was 10.7 and 1.5 percent, respectively, and the rate of coinfection was 0.9 percent. No correlation was found between the age range of the volunteers, the onset of sexual activity, the number of sexual partners and of new sexual partners in the last six months, and the presence of Chlamydia or gonorrhea. In women who had vaginal discharge or ectropion, the prevalence of Chlamydia infection was two times higher than in those without such signs. CONCLUSIONS: the results of this study were similar to national studies using PCR in urine samples for the detection of Chlamydia and gonorrhea in samples of non-pregnant women of the same age groups and with the same background. Since the volunteers with more than four sexual partners and those who had purulent endocervicitis were excluded, it is believed that the prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea infection could have been greater in this population.

Effect of different doses of estrogen on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in two 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion models of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease results from a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and it is more prevalent in men than in women. Estrogen has neuroprotective action of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) neurons. It was investigated whether differences in plasma 17ß-estradiol (E2) levels alter the degree of neuroprotection in NSDA neurons. Ovariectomized rats, implanted with subcutaneous capsules containing 400, 800 or 1,600 µg of E2 or corn oil, were injected with 1 µg of 6-OHDA in the SNpc or the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Striatal dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and plasma E2 levels were measured. Only at 400 µg, E2 protected striatal DA against lesion of the MFB. In the SNpc, E2 failed to prevent DA depletion, but increased DOPAC/DA ratio in the striatum. In an NSDA moderate lesion, E2 has a neuroprotective action. In a severe lesion, E2 could stimulate DA activity in remaining neurons.

[Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea infections in sexual actives young women at a southern Brazilian city]. / Prevalência da infecção por Chlamydia Trachomatis e Neisseria Gonorrhoea em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas em uma cidade do Sul do Brasil.

PURPOSE: to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea in a sample of women from Curitiba. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study with a sample of sexually active non-pregnant women aged between 16 and 23 years-old, with an intact uterus, with up to four sexual partners, without evidence of fever or purulent cervicitis, submitted to pelvic examination and PCR-based urine- testing for Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Exclusion criteria included: vaccination for HPV, vaccination history for the past 21 days, previous abnormal cytology, history of genital warts, splenectomy, immune disorders, and use of immunosuppressive drugs. An interview regarding sociodemographic and obstetric data and gynecological risk behavior for sexual transmitted diseases was applied. For statistical analysis, we used the χ(2) or Fisher's exact test to assess the association between variables. RESULTS: the prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea infection in the study group was 10.7 and 1.5%, respectively, and the rate of coinfection was 0.9%. No correlation was found between the age range of the volunteers, the onset of sexual activity, the number of sexual partners and of new sexual partners in the last six months, and the presence of Chlamydia or gonorrhea. In women who had vaginal discharge or ectropion, the prevalence of Chlamydia infection was two times higher than in those without such signs. CONCLUSIONS: the results of this study were similar to national studies using PCR in urine samples for the detection of Chlamydia and gonorrhea in samples of non-pregnant women of the same age groups and with the same background. Since the volunteers with more than four sexual partners and those who had purulent endocervicitis were excluded, it is believed that the prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea infection could have been greater in this population.