Water-soluble biodegradable polyesters with pH and ionic responsivity.

The synthesis of novel water-soluble polymers with biodegradability is an effective way to mitigate their negative environmental impacts. In this study, semi-aromatic copolyester poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBST) with exceptional biodegradability is used as the resin matrix. Anionic sodium 1-3-isophthalate-5-sulfonate (SIPA) is introduced as a fourth monomer to prepare random poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene terephthalate-co-butylene 5-sodiosulfoisophthalate) (PBSTS) copolyesters by melt copolymerization. The incorporation of ionic groups enhances the hydrophilicity and water absorption of the copolyesters, resulting in water-soluble materials that exhibit ionic and temperature responsivity. Furthermore, the ionized biodegradable copolyesters demonstrate distinct pH-dependent degradation, which is accelerated at pH = 5.5 and 8.5 but inhibited at pH = 7.2. Degradation assessments in simulated body fluids reveal that the PBSTS copolyesters exhibit significant degradation in gastric fluids at pH = 1.5 with minimal degradation in intestinal fluids at pH = 6.8 and in body fluids at pH = 7.0. This unique degradation performance highlights the potential of these materials for addressing the challenges associated with selective drug delivery and localized controlled release in the human body.

Elucidating the nature of acinic cell carcinoma of the breast with high-grade morphology: evidence from case report.

BACKGROUND: Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the breast is a rare subtype of breast cancer. It was considered a low-grade triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with the potential to progress or transform into a high-grade lesion because of the molecular similarities with conventional aggressive TNBC in several genetic studies. Microscopically, the coexistence of classical low-grade and high-grade triple-negative components in breast AciCC is not uncommon. However, there is a scarcity of research on the comparative histopathological and genetic aspects of both components. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old woman with a nontender mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast was initially diagnosed with a malignant small round cell tumor (undifferentiated or poorly differentiated carcinoma) based on a preoperative biopsy, which was later identified as breast AciCC with a high-grade solid component. Left breast-conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the breast AciCC consisted of a classical acinic component and a high-grade component. The latter demonstrated a solid sheet-like pattern characterized by large, round, pleomorphic or vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and frequent mitotic activities. Classical acinic architectures focally merged together to form solid nests and transited into high-grade areas. Remarkably, in the high-grade lesion, conventional immunochemical markers for breast AciCC, such as α1-antitrypsin (AAT), Lysozyme (LYS), Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S100 protein (S100), and cytokeratin (CK) were negative, whereas cell cycle protein D1 (cyclin D1) and vimentin showed diffuse expression. Next­generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that 43.5% of variants were identical in both components. Furthermore, PAK5 mutation; copy number (CN) loss of CDH1, CHEK1, and MLH1; and CN gains of CDK6, HGF, and FOXP1 were identified in the high-grade lesion. The patient was treated with eight cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (epirubicin combined with cyclophosphamide) and radiotherapy after surgery, and she is currently alive for 43 months with no metastases or recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates a comparative analysis of the histopathological and genetic characteristics of classical low-grade and high-grade components of AciCC within the same breast. This information may serve as a morphological and molecular basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying high-grade lesions in breast AciCC.

High-integrity Pueraria montana var. lobata genome and population analysis revealed the genetic diversity of Pueraria genus.

Pueraria montana var. lobata (P. lobata) is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to the Pueraria genus of Fabaceae family. Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (P. thomsonii) and Pueraria montana var. montana (P. montana) are its related species. However, evolutionary history of the Pueraria genus is still largely unknown. Here, a high-integrity, chromosome-level genome of P. lobata and an improved genome of P. thomsonii were reported. It found evidence for an ancient whole-genome triplication and a recent whole-genome duplication shared with Fabaceae in three Pueraria species. Population genomics of 121 Pueraria accessions demonstrated that P. lobata populations had substantially higher genetic diversity, and P. thomsonii was probably derived from P. lobata by domestication as a subspecies. Selection sweep analysis identified candidate genes in P. thomsonii populations associated with the synthesis of auxin and gibberellin, which potentially play a role in the expansion and starch accumulation of tubers in P. thomsonii. Overall, the findings provide new insights into the evolutionary and domestication history of the Pueraria genome and offer a valuable genomic resource for the genetic improvement of these species.

Multiple stresses induced by chronic exposure to flupyradifurone affect honey bee physiological states.

Flupyradifurone (FPF) has been reported to have a potential risk to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the effects of chronic FPF exposure on bees were systematically investigated at the individual behavioral, tissue, cell, enzyme activity, and the gene expression levels. Chronic exposure (14 d) to FPF led to reduced survival (12 mg/L), body weight gain (4 and 12 mg/L), and food utilization efficiency (4 and 12 mg/L). Additionally, FPF exposure (12 mg/L) impaired sucrose sensitivity and memory of bees. Morphological analysis revealed significant cellular and subcellular changes in brain neurons and midgut epithelial cells, including mitochondrial damage, nuclear disintegration, and apoptosis. FPF exposure (4 and 12 mg/L) led to oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity. Notably, gene expression analysis indicated significant dysregulation of apoptosis, immune, detoxification, sucrose responsiveness and memory-related genes, suggesting the involvement of different pathways in FPF-induced toxicity. The multiple stresses and potential mechanisms described here provide a basis for determining the intrinsic toxicity of FPF.

TiN/anatase/rutile phase junction obtained by in-situ thermal transformation for efficient photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen generation.

Phase junctions exhibit great potential in photocatalytic energy conversion, yet the narrow light response region and inefficient charge transfer limit their photocatalytic performance. Herein, an anatase/rutile phase junction modified by plasmonic TiN and oxygen vacancies (TiN/(A-R-TiO2-Ov)) is prepared through an in-situ thermal transformation from TiN for efficient photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen production for the first time. The content of TiN, oxygen vacancies, and phase components in TiN/(A-R-TiO2-Ov) hybrids can be well-adjusted by tuning the heating time. The as-prepared photocatalysts display a large specific area and wide light absorption due to the synergistic effect of plasmonic excitation, oxygen vacancies, and bandgap excitations. Meanwhile, the multi-interfaces between TiN, anatase, and rutile provide built-in electric fields for efficient separation of photoinduced carriers and hot electron injection via ohmic contact and type-Ⅱ band arrangement. As a result, the TiN/(A-R-TiO2-Ov) photocatalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate of 15.07 mmol/g/h, which is 20.6 times higher than that of titanium dioxide P25. Moreover, temperature-dependent photocatalytic tests reveal that the excellent photothermal conversion caused by plasmonic heating and crystal lattice vibrations in TiN/(A-R-TiO2-Ov) has about 25 % enhancement in photocatalysis (18.84 mmol/g/h). This work provides new inspiration for developing high-performance photocatalysts by optimizing charge transfer and photothermal conversion.

A simple and green offline-online capillary electrophoresis stacking strategy for the simultaneous determination of hydrophobic compounds in complicated samples using sodium dodecyl sulfate as the solubilizer and pseudophase.

BACKGROUND: Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful analytical method featured with high separation efficiency, minimal sample requirements, and reduced organic solvents consumption. However, its low sensitivity hinders its wide application in determination of trace analytes especially for the weakly ionized hydrophobic compounds. Offline and Online capillary electrophoresis stacking methods are more favored to enhance detection sensitivity of analytes. The determination of two sesquiterpenes and an alkaloid from the dried root of Lindera aggregata merged as an example for developing a simple, sensitive and green method for the simultaneous determination of two hydrophobic compounds in complicated matrix samples. RESULTS: An offline-online capillary electrophoresis stacking strategy by integrating micro matrix solid phase dispersion with field-amplified sample stacking and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking has been developed for the simultaneous determination of dehydrocostus lactone, linderane, norisoboldine in complex matrices. The optimized parameters were set at 65 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 % methanol, 180 s for sample injection and 210 s for cyclodextrin injection, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate of sample matrix for online stacking; 1:1 sample to MCM-48, 180 s grinding time, and 1000 µL of 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate elution for offline procedure. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9927), low limits of detection within the range of 25-50 ng mL-1, satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility below 3.98 %, and acceptable recoveries between 94 % and 97 %. The developed method was successfully applied to two real samples, the root of L. aggregata and rat feces. SIGNIFICANCE: Sodium dodecyl sulfate is firstly used as an eluent in micro matrix solid phase dispersion and plays a dual role throughout the analytical procedure, including extraction solvent in sample preparation and micelle pseudophase during online stacking. It brings great procedure convenience to the method. The sensitivity of this method can improve up to 1283-folds compared with the normal mode. Moreover, the overall strategy indicates satisfied green potential evaluated by greenness assessment tools.

Multimodal image fusion-assisted endoscopic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

PURPOSE: Although traditional craniotomy (TC) surgery has failed to show benefits for the functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, a minimally invasive hematoma removal plan to avoid white matter fiber damage may be a safer and more feasible surgical approach, which may improve the prognosis of ICH. We conducted a historical cohort study on the use of multimodal image fusion-assisted neuroendoscopic surgery (MINS) for the treatment of ICH, and compared its safety and effectiveness with traditional methods. METHODS: This is a historical cohort study involving 241 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Divided into MINS group and TC group based on surgical methods. Multimodal images (CT skull, CT angiography, and white matter fiber of MRI diffusion-tensor imaging) were fused into 3 dimensional images for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance of endoscopic hematoma removal in the MINS group. Clinical features, operative efficiency, perioperative complications, and prognoses between 2 groups were compared. Normally distributed data were analyzed using t-test of 2 independent samples, Non-normally distributed data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Meanwhile categorical data were analyzed via the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. All statistical tests were two-sided, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients with ICH were enrolled, who underwent TC surgery or MINS. Patients who underwent MINS had shorter operative time (p < 0.001), less blood loss (p < 0.001), better hematoma evacuation (p = 0.003), and a shorter stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.002) than patients who underwent TC. Based on clinical characteristics and analysis of perioperative complications, there is no significant difference between the 2 surgical methods. Modified Rankin scale scores at 180 days were better in the MINS than in the TC group (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TC for the treatment of ICH, MINS is safer and more efficient in cleaning ICH, which improved the prognosis of the patients. In the future, a larger sample size clinical trial will be needed to evaluate its efficacy.

Hmgcs2 is the hub gene in diabetic cardiomyopathy and is negatively regulated by Hmgcs2, promoting high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a major cause of heart failure and a large medical burden worldwide. This study screened the potentially regulatory targets of DCM and analyzed their roles in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. METHODS: Through GEO database, we obtained rat DCM expression chips and screened differentially expressed genes. Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were induced with HG. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) and microRNA (miR)-363-5p expression patterns in cells were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay, with the dual-luciferase assay to analyze their binding relationship. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and various assay kits were applied to evaluate cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, inflammation responses, and oxidative burden. RESULTS: Hmgcs2 was the vital hub gene in DCM. Hmgcs2 was upregulated in HG-induced cardiomyocytes. Hmgcs2 downregulation increased cell viability, decreased TUNEL-positive cell number, reduced HG-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. miR-363-5p is the upstream miRNA of Hmgcs2. miR-363-5p overexpression attenuated HG-induced cell injury. CONCLUSIONS: Hmgcs2 had the most critical regulatory role in DCM. We for the first time reported that miR-363-5p inhibited Hmgcs2 expression, thereby alleviating HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury.

Isorhamnetin alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via enhancing fatty acid oxidation.

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the clinical usage of cisplatin is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Isorhamnetin, a natural flavanol compound, displays remarkable pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of isorhamnetin in alleviating acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin. In vitro study showed that isorhamnetin significantly suppressed the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on human tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, isorhamnetin exerted significantly inhibitory effects on cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response. In acute kidney injury mice induced by a single intraperitoneal injection with 20 mg/kg cisplatin, oral administration of isorhamnetin two days before or 2 h after cisplatin injection effectively ameliorated renal function and renal tubule injury. Transcriptomics RNA-seq analysis of the mice kidney tissues suggested that isorhamnetin treatment may protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via PGC-1α mediated fatty acid oxidation. Isorhamnetin achieved significant enhancements in the lipid clearance, ATP level, as well as the expression of PGC-1α and its downstream target genes PPARα and CPT1A, which were otherwise impaired by cisplatin. In addition, the protection effects of isorhamnetin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were abolished by a PGC-1α inhibitor, SR-18292. In conclusion, our findings indicate that isorhamnetin could protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by inducing PGC-1α-dependent reprogramming of fatty acid oxidation, which highlights the clinical potential of isorhamnetin as a therapeutic approach for the management of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Effects and molecular mechanism of sugar transporter ESA_RS15745 on desiccation resistance, motility, and biofilm formation of Cronobacter sakazakii.

Cronobacter sakazakii, an important Gram-negative foodborne pathogen, can cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis with high rates of infection and death. Gene ESA_RS15745 encodes a sugar transporter protein, which is not only essential for osmotic pressure maintenance during bacterial growth and reproduction but also associated with their desiccation tolerance, motility, and biofilm formation. Here, a mutant strain of ESA_RS15745 (ΔESA_RS15745) and the complementation strain (cpESA_RS15745) were constructed using a suicide vector knockout and gene complementation. ΔESA_RS15745 was found to have a decrease in its ability to transport maltose and trehalose and resist desiccation, whereas an increase in the ability of motility and biofilm formation, implying that ESA_RS15745 may positively regulate sugar transport and desiccation tolerance and negatively regulate motility and biofilm formation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of related genes, RNA-seq was performed to explore the differentially expressed genes in the mutants. RNA-seq results showed the upregulation of 114 genes (mainly including those regulating chemotaxis and flagellar motility) and the downregulation of 22 genes (mainly including those regulating sugar transport). qRT-PCR analysis supported the RNA-seq results and showed that ESA_RS15745 may influence the dehydration tolerance though decreasing the intracellular trehalose content and negatively regulate the motility though the chemotactic signaling pathway. In addition, the biofilm formation of C. sakazakii should also be speculated to negatively regulate by ESA_RS15745 by consuming the extracellular carbohydrates concentration and then downregulating the intracellular cyclic diguanosine monophosphate. This study offers a reference for comprehending the molecular mechanism of gene ESA_RS15745 in C. sakazakii.

S-propargyl-cysteine promotes the stability of atherosclerotic plaque via maintaining vascular muscle contractile phenotype.

Introduction: Plaque rupture in atherosclerosis contributes to various acute cardiovascular events. As a new sulfide-containing donor, S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) has been reported to play a beneficial role in cardioprotection, potentially through its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic activities. Our previous study observed an increase in eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells. However, it remains unclear whether SPRC influences vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the plaque and if this effect contributes to plaque stabilization. Methods: An atherosclerotic unstable plaque mouse model was established by subjecting ApoE-/- mice to tandem stenosis of the right carotid artery along with a Western diet. Daily SPRC administration was conducted for 13 weeks. Plaque morphology and stability were assessed using MRI scanning and histopathological staining. In our in vitro studies, we stimulated human artery vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), both with and without 100 µM SPRC treatment. Cell phenotype was assessed using both Western blot and Real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was assessed using the BrdU cell proliferation kit and immunofluorescence of Ki-67, while cell migration was measured using scratch wound healing and transwell assay. MiR-143-3p overexpression and knockdown experiments were used to investigate whether it mediates the effect of SPRC on VSMC phenotype. Results and Discussion: SPRC treatment reduced plasma lipid levels, increased collagen content and decreased cell apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques, indicating improved plaque stability. Both in vivo and in vitro studies elucidated the role of SPRC in preserving the contractile phenotype of VSMCs through up-regulation of miR-143-3p expression. Furthermore, SPRC suppressed the pro-proliferation and pro-migration effects of PDGF-BB on HAVSMCs. Overall, these findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of SPRC on phenotype switch from contractile to synthetic VSMCs may contribute to its beneficial role in enhancing plaque stability.

AIM2 inflammasome activation may mediate high mobility group box 1 release in murine allergic rhinitis / Ativação do inflamassoma AIM2 pode mediar a liberação da proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade no modelo murino de rinite alérgica

Abstract Introduction: High mobility group box 1 protein participates in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Activation of the inflammasome can mediate the release of high mobility group box 1. The role of the absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome in allergic rhinitis remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the function of absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome in murine allergic rhinitis and the interaction between high mobility group box 1 and the absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome. Methods: A murine allergic rhinitis model was established using twenty Balb/c mice. Expression of the components of the absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome: absent in melanoma 2, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (Asc), caspase-1 p20, and additional nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) were detected by western blotting during allergic rhinitis. Alterations of absent in melanoma 2, caspase-1, and high mobility group box 1 after ovalbumin challenge were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. TdT-mediated dUTP Nick end labeling, TUNEL assay, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1 were used for the observation of pyroptosis. Results: Eosinophilia and goblet cell infiltration were observed in the nasal mucosa of mice in the allergic rhinitis group. Absent in melanoma 2, Asc, and caspase-1 p20 increased after ovalbumin exposure while Nlrp3 did not. High mobility group box 1 was released in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice. TUNEL-positive cells increased in the epithelium and laminae propria, whereas cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1 was not observed. Conclusions: The absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome was activated and pyroptosis may occur in the nasal mucosa after ovalbumin treatment. These may contribute to the translocation of high mobility group box 1 and the development of allergic rhinitis.

Resumo Introdução: A proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade participa da patogênese da rinite alérgica. A ativação do inflamassoma pode mediar a liberação de proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade. O papel do inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2 na rinite alérgica permanece incerto. Objetivo: Investigar a função do inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2 em um modelo murino de rinite alérgica e a interação entre a proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade e o inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2. Método: Um modelo murino de rinite alérgica foi estabelecido com 20 camundongos Balb/c. A expressão dos componentes do inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2, da proteína speck-like associada à apoptose com CARD (Asc), da caspase-1 p20 e do domínio de pirina da família NLR adicional com 3 (Nlrp3) foi detectada por western blotting durante a rinite alérgica. Alterações de inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2, na caspase-1 e na proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade após o teste de provocação com ovalbumina foram demonstradas por imuno-histoquímica. O ensaio dUTP Nick-End Labeling mediado por TdT, TUNEL e clivagem de caspase-3 e PARP-1 foram usados para a observação de piroptose. Resultados: Eosinofilia e infiltração de células caliciformes foram observadas na mucosa nasal de camundongos do grupo rinite alérgica. Inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2, Asc e caspase-1 p20 aumentou após a exposição à ovalbumina, enquanto Nlrp3 não aumentou. A proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade foi liberada na mucosa nasal de camundongos com rinite alérgica. As células TUNEL-positivas aumentaram no epitélio e na lâmina própria, enquanto a clivagem da caspase-3 e a PARP-1 não foram observadas. Conclusão: O inflamassoma ausente no melanoma 2 foi ativado e pode ocorrer piroptose na mucosa nasal após o tratamento com ovalbumina. Esses fatores podem contribuir para a translocação de proteína do grupo Box-1 de alta mobilidade e o desenvolvimento de rinite alérgica.

Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objectives To provide a meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i), as a combination treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate glycemic control with metformin alone. Materials and methods We have searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the database: MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Collaborative database. We used mean differences (MD) to assess the efficacy of glycemic and other clinical parameters, and risk ratios (RR) to evaluate the adverse events for safety endpoints. The heterogeneity was evaluated by I2. Results Finally 9 studies were included. SGLT2-i plus metformin had higher reduction level in HbA1C [MD = -0.50, 95% CI (-0.62, -0.38), p < 0.00001], FPG [MD = -1.12, 95%CI (-1.38, -0.87), p < 0.00001], body weight [MD = -1.72, 95% CI (-2.05, -1.39), p < 0.00001], SBP [MD = -4.44, 95% CI (-5.45, -3.43), p < 0.00001] and DBP [MD = -1.74, 95% CI (-2.40, -1.07), p < 0.00001] compared with metformin monotherapy. However, SGLT2-i plus metformin group had higher risk of genital infection [RR = 3.98, 95% CI (2.38, 6.67), p < 0.00001]. No significant difference was found in the risk of hypoglycemia, urinary tract infection or volume related adverse events. Conclusions Although the risk of genital infection may increase, SGLT2-i plus metformin may provide an attractive treatment option to those T2DM patients who are unable to achieve glycemic control with metformin alone, based on its effects on glycemic control, reducing body weight and lowering blood pressure.

Aplicación de la enzima SensiScript a un sistema RT-RCP para la obtención de ARN de VIH-1 a partir de muestras de suero almacenadas a -20 oC durante una década

Se demostró la eficacia de la enzima transcriptasa inversa SensiScript para obtener material genético útil en la secuenciación de ácido nucleico de VIH-1, a partir de sueros colectados entre 1989 y 1998 y conservados a temperatura subóptima. Con el empleo de la enzima SensiScript se obtuvo amplificación del ARN del VIH-1 en 86,5 % de las muestras estudiadas, comparado con 20 % al utilizar la enzima AMV-RT. En 13,5 % de las muestras no se obtuvo amplificación con ninguna de las 2 enzimas empleadas.

The efficiency of SensiScript reverse transciptase to obtain useful genetic material in the sequencing of the nucleic acid from HIV-1, starting from sera collected between 1989 and 1998 and kept at suboptimal temperatures, was proved. On using the SensiScript enzyme it was obtained an amplification of the RNA of the HIV-1 in 86.5 % of the studied samples, compared with 20 % on using the AMV-RT enzyme . No amplification was obtained in 13.5 % of the studied samples with any of the 2 enzymes used.