Photobiomodulation in promoting increased Skin Flap Viability: a systematic review of animal studies.

Necrosis is common in skin flap surgeries. Photobiomodulation, a noninvasive and effective technique, holds the potential to enhance microcirculation and neovascularization. As such, it has emerged as a viable approach for mitigating the occurrence of skin flap necrosis. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific literature considering the use of photobiomodulation to increase skin-flap viability. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), was used to conducted systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier and, Scielo on June 2023. Included studies investigated skin-flap necrosis employing PBMT irradiation as a treatment and, at least one quantitative measure of skin-flap necrosis in any animal model. Twenty-five studies were selected from 54 original articles that addressed PBMT with low-level laser (LLL) or light-emitting diode (LED) in agreement with the qualifying requirements. Laser parameters varied markedly across studies. In the selected studies, the low-level laser in the visible red spectrum was the most frequently utilized PBMT, although the LED PBMT showed a similar improvement in skin-flap necrosis. Ninety percent of the studies assessing the outcomes of the effects of PBMT reported smaller areas of necrosis in skin flap. Studies have consistently demonstrated the ability of PBMT to improve skin flap viability in animal models. Evidence suggests that PBMT, through enhancing angiogenesis, vascular density, mast cells, and VEGF, is an effective therapy for decrease necrotic tissue in skin flap surgery.

Acceleration of infectious disease drug discovery and development using a humanized model of drug metabolism.

A key step in drug discovery, common to many disease areas, is preclinical demonstration of efficacy in a mouse model of disease. However, this demonstration and its translation to the clinic can be impeded by mouse-specific pathways of drug metabolism. Here, we show that a mouse line extensively humanized for the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily ("8HUM") can circumvent these problems. The pharmacokinetics, metabolite profiles, and magnitude of drug-drug interactions of a test set of approved medicines were in much closer alignment with clinical observations than in wild-type mice. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania donovani, and Trypanosoma cruzi was well tolerated in 8HUM, permitting efficacy assessment. During such assessments, mouse-specific metabolic liabilities were bypassed while the impact of clinically relevant active metabolites and DDI on efficacy were well captured. Removal of species differences in metabolism by replacement of wild-type mice with 8HUM therefore reduces compound attrition while improving clinical translation, accelerating drug discovery.

RES-Seq-a barcoded library of drug-resistant Leishmania donovani allowing rapid assessment of cross-resistance and relative fitness.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease endemic across multiple regions of the world and is fatal if untreated. New therapeutic options with diverse mechanisms of actions (MoAs) are required to consolidate progress toward control of this disease and combat drug resistance. Here, we describe the development of a scalable resistance library screen (RES-Seq) as a tool to facilitate the identification and prioritization of anti-leishmanial compounds acting via novel MoA. We have amassed a large collection of Leishmania donovani cell lines resistant to frontline drugs and compounds in the VL pipeline, with resistance-conferring mutations fully characterized. New phenotypic hits screened against this highly curated panel of resistant lines can determine cross-resistance and potentially shared MoA. The ability to efficiently identify compounds acting via previously established MoA is vital to maintain diversity within drug development portfolios. To expedite screening, short identifier DNA barcodes were introduced into resistant clones enabling pooling and simultaneous screening of multiple cell lines. Illumina sequencing of barcodes enables the growth kinetics and relative fitness of multiple cell lines under compound selection to be tracked. Optimal conditions allowing discrimination of resistant and sensitive clones were established (3× and 10× EC50 for 3 days) and applied to screening of a complex library with VL preclinical and clinical drug candidates. RES-Seq is set to play an important role in ensuring that anti-leishmanial compounds exploiting diverse mechanisms of action are developed, ultimately providing options for future drug combination strategies.IMPORTANCEVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains the third largest parasitic killer worldwide, responsible for 20,000-30,000 deaths each year. Control and ultimate elimination of VL will require a range of therapeutic options with diverse mechanisms of action to combat drug resistance. One approach to ensure that compounds in development exploit diverse mechanisms of action is to screen them against highly curated cell lines resistant to drugs already in the VL pipeline. The identification of cross-resistant cell lines indicates that test compounds are likely acting via previously established mechanisms. Current cross-resistance screens are limited by the requirement to profile individual resistant cell lines one at a time. Here, we introduce unique DNA barcodes into multiple resistant cell lines to facilitate parallel profiling. Utilizing the power of Illumina sequencing, growth kinetics and relative fitness under compound selection can be monitored revolutionizing our ability to identify and prioritize compounds acting via novel mechanisms.

Structure-Guided Design and Synthesis of a Pyridazinone Series of Trypanosoma cruzi Proteasome Inhibitors.

There is an urgent need for new treatments for Chagas disease, a parasitic infection which mostly impacts South and Central America. We previously reported on the discovery of GSK3494245/DDD01305143, a preclinical candidate for visceral leishmaniasis which acted through inhibition of the Leishmania proteasome. A related analogue, active against Trypanosoma cruzi, showed suboptimal efficacy in an animal model of Chagas disease, so alternative proteasome inhibitors were investigated. Screening a library of phenotypically active analogues against the T. cruzi proteasome identified an active, selective pyridazinone, the development of which is described herein. We obtained a cryo-EM co-structure of proteasome and a key inhibitor and used this to drive optimization of the compounds. Alongside this, optimization of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties afforded a suitable compound for mouse efficacy studies. The outcome of these studies is discussed, alongside future plans to further understand the series and its potential to deliver a new treatment for Chagas disease.

Development and validation of an instrument for the evaluation of HIV care in Primary Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. METHOD: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. RESULTS: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented. CONCLUSION: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

The role of invariant surface glycoprotein 75 in xenobiotic acquisition by African trypanosomes.

The surface proteins of parasitic protozoa mediate functions essential to survival within a host, including nutrient accumulation, environmental sensing and immune evasion. Several receptors involved in nutrient uptake and defence from the innate immune response have been described in African trypanosomes and, together with antigenic variation, contribute towards persistence within vertebrate hosts. Significantly, a superfamily of invariant surface glycoproteins (ISGs) populates the trypanosome surface, one of which, ISG75, is implicated in uptake of the century-old drug suramin. By CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and biophysical analysis, we show here that ISG75 directly binds suramin and mediates uptake of additional naphthol-related compounds, making ISG75 a conduit for entry of at least one structural class of trypanocidal compounds. However, ISG75 null cells present only modest attenuation of suramin sensitivity, have unaltered viability in vivo and in vitro and no alteration to suramin-invoked proteome responses. While ISG75 is demonstrated as a valid suramin cell entry pathway, we suggest the presence of additional mechanisms for suramin accumulation, further demonstrating the complexity of trypanosomatid drug interactions and potential for evolution of resistance.

Contato imediato entre mãe e recém-nascido na primeira hora de vida: um estudo transversal / Immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life: a cross-sectional study

RESUMO Objetivo comparar as características populacionais e assistenciais de adesão ao contato imediato entre mãe e recém-nascido na primeira hora de vida em duas maternidades públicas de risco habitual. Métodos trata-se de um estudo transversal, do qual participaram 105 mães que tiveram parto normal e seus respectivos recém-nascidos na primeira hora de vida em duas maternidades com unidades de Pré-parto, Parto e Puerpério. Para a pesquisa, utilizou-se um instrumento com 36 questões baseadas nas Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal. A análise foi baseada no teste Qui-quadrado de homogeneidade e teste Exato de Fisher, para comparar a assistência prestada nas maternidades. Resultados ambas as maternidades atenderam aos binômios de risco habitual. Quanto à assistência prestada, apenas a maternidade federal promoveu o incentivo ao contato imediato entre mãe e recém-nascido na primeira hora de vida, além de favorecer 7,1% (n=3) dos binômios com a hora dourada de forma correta e significativa (p=0,037). Conclusão apesar da similaridade do perfil da assistência, apenas uma maternidade realizou a hora dourada, sendo necessária a inserção das boas práticas nas maternidades. Contribuições para a prática por meio da observação direta da assistência prestada ao binômio, identificaram-se lacunas no formato e durabilidade do contato imediato nas maternidades.

ABSTRACT Objective to compare population and care characteristics of adherence to immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life in two public maternity hospitals at usual risk. Methods cross-sectional study with 105 mothers after normal delivery and their respective newborns in the first hour of life in two maternity hospitals with Prepartum, Labor, and Puerperium units. We used an instrument with 36 questions based on the National Guidelines of Assistance to Normal Birth. Analysis was based on the chi-square test for homogeneity and Fisher's exact test to compare the assistance provided in maternity hospitals. Results both maternity hospitals attended the usual risk binomials. Regarding the assistance provided, only the federal maternity promoted encouragement of immediate contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life, besides favoring 7.1% (n=3) of the binomials with the golden hour in a correct and significant way (p=0.037). Conclusion despite the similarity of the assistance profile, only one maternity hospital performed the golden hour, being necessary the insertion of good practices in maternity hospitals. Contributions to practice direct observation of the assistance provided to binomial identified gaps in the format and durability of the immediate contact in maternity hospitals.

Development and validation of an instrument for the evaluation of HIV care in Primary Health Care / Construcción y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de la atención del VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud / Construção e validação de instrumento avaliativo para atendimento ao HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. Method: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. Results: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented. Conclusion: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para la evaluación del proceso de descentralización de la atención a personas conviviendo con VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Es un estudio metodológico desarrollado en cuatro etapas: elaboración del modelo lógico basado en la tríada Estructura-Proceso-Resultados; construcción del instrumento; validación del contenido por jueces especialistas y revisores técnicos; y validación semántica. Se utilizaron cuestionarios en línea y el índice de Kappa para el análisis. Resultados: El instrumento con 68 ítems y 8 factores fue sometido a validación por jueces expertos que recomendaron la exclusión de 3 ítems y el cambio de 2 factores. En la validación por parte de los revisores técnicos, se excluyeron 2 ítems y se puntuaron 6 factores; el índice de acuerdo fue ≥0,75. En la validación semántica, el 87,3% respondió "totalmente de acuerdo" a los ítems presentados. Conclusiones: El instrumento se encuentra validado cuanto al contenido, posee 63 ítems y potencial para la evaluación de la atención de personas conviviendo con VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento de avaliação do processo de descentralização do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com HIV para Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em quatro etapas: elaboração do modelo lógico baseado na tríade Estrutura-Processo-Resultados; construção do instrumento; validação de conteúdo por juízes especialistas e revisores técnicos; e validação semântica. Utilizaram-se questionários on-line e, para análise, o índice de Kappa. Resultados: o instrumento, com 68 itens e 8 fatores, foi submetido à validação por juízes especialistas que recomendaram a exclusão de 3 itens e mudança de 2 fatores. Na validação por revisores técnicos, foram excluídos 2 itens e pontou-se 6 fatores, o índice de concordância foi ≥0,75. Na validação semântica 87,3% responderam "concordo totalmente" para os itens apresentados. Conclusões: O instrumento encontra-se validado quanto ao conteúdo, possui 63 itens e potencial para avaliação do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

The use of phenomenological frameworks in Brazilian nursing research at the stricto sensu level: an overview.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the stricto sensu scientific production of Brazilian nursing that resorts to phenomenological theoretical frameworks. METHOD: Descriptive, exploratory, and document study carried out using the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations from January to April 2022. RESULT: The sample included 600 dissertations and theses, with a predominance of the Heideggerian framework, followed by Schütz and Merleau-Ponty. Topics discussed included nursing care in women's health, mental health, pediatric and adolescent nursing, oncology nursing, obstetric nursing, Primary Health Care, as well as family and nursing education. CONCLUSION: Phenomenology was found to be a powerful reference for the unveiling of the phenomena of interest to the field of nursing, contributing to the construction of knowledge about the being who cares, the being who is cared for, and the care itself.

Estrutura das representações sociais da enfermagem sobre a morte decorrente da COVID-19 / Structure of nursing social representations on death due to COVID-19 / Estructura de las representaciones sociales de enfermería sobre la muerte por COVID-19

Introdução: Ainda que se saiba que a morte faz parte do ciclo da vida, diante de uma doença com muitos aspectos ainda desconhecidos como a COVID-19, torna-se importante compreender como os trabalhadores de enfermagem representam esse fenômeno, uma vez que são os únicos profissionais de saúde que continuam o cuidado ao indivíduo mesmo após a finitude da vida. Objetivo: analisar a estrutura das representações sociais sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 elaboradas por profissionais de enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo ancorado na vertente estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais com ênfase na Teoria do Núcleo Central, desenvolvido junto a 32 profissionais de enfermagem da cidade de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada online mediante utilização da técnica de associação livre de palavras. Para a análise dos dados recorreu-se às análises prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: o provável núcleo central das representações foi constituído pelos termos tristeza e medo, e a composição do sistema periférico e da zona de contraste reforçam esse núcleo. Discussão: o núcleo central das representações dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19 se constitui em um Themata polêmico de representação, e destaca os prejuízos à saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem da linha de frente. Conclusões: perante às representações elaboradas sobre a morte e morrer decorrentes de COVID-19, é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento que colaborem para a saúde psicossocial dos trabalhadores de enfermagem.

Introduction: Although it is known that death is part of the life cycle, in the face of a disease with many aspects still unknown, such as COVID-19, it is important to understand how nursing workers represent this phenomenon, since they are the only professionals that continue to care for the individual even after the end of life. Objective: to analyze the structure of social representations about death and dying due to COVID-19 elaborated by nursing professionals. Materials and methods: qualitative study anchored in the structural aspect of the Theory of Social Representations with emphasis on the Theory of the Central Nucleus, developed with 32 nursing professionals from the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data collection was performed online using the free word association technique. For data analysis, prototypical and similarity analyzes were used. Results: the probable central nucleus of the representations was constituted by the terms sadness and fear, and the composition of the peripheral system and the contrast zone reinforce this nucleus. Discussion: the core of nursing professionals' representations about death and dying from COVID-19 constitutes a controversial issueof representation and highlights the damage to the psychosocial health of frontline nursing workers. Conclusions: in view of the elaborated representations about death and dying resulting from COVID-19, it is necessary to develop coping strategies that contribute to the psychosocial health of nursing workers.

Introducción: Si bien se sabe que la muerte es parte del ciclo de vida, ante una enfermedad con muchos aspectos aún desconocidos, como lo es el COVID-19, es importante comprender cómo los trabajadores de enfermería representan este fenómeno, ya que son los únicos profesionales que continuan cuidando al individuo incluso después del final de la vida. Objetivo: analizar la estructura de las representaciones sociales sobre la muerte y el morir por COVID-19 elaboradas por profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo anclado en el aspecto estructural de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales con énfasis en la Teoría del Núcleo Central, desarrollado con 32 profesionales de enfermería de la ciudad de Natal, estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó en línea utilizando la técnica de asociación libre de palabras. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron análisis prototípicos y de similitud. Resultados: el probable núcleo central de las representaciones estuvo constituido por los términos tristeza y miedo, y la composición del sistema periférico y la zona de contraste refuerzan este núcleo. Discusión: el núcleo de las representaciones de los profesionales de enfermería sobre la muerte y el morir por COVID-19 constituye un temade representación controvertido, y destaca el daño a la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores de enfermería de primera línea. Conclusiones: frente a las representaciones elaboradas sobre la muerte y el morir como consecuencia de la COVID-19, es necesario desarrollar estrategias de enfrentamiento que contribuyan a la salud psicosocial de los trabajadores de enfermería.

Elements that influenced immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison. RESULTS: Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes. CONCLUSION: Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.

Intersections between rural women's resilience and quality of life: a mixed-methods study. / Interseções entre resiliência e qualidade de vida em mulheres rurais: estudo de métodos mistos.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the intersections between rural women's quality of life and resilience. METHOD: convergent mixed methods design in which a cross-sectional quantitative study is triangulated with a qualitative study guided by Oral History. Data were collected concomitantly, using a socio-demographic form, Resilience Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and open-ended interviews. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics and inductive thematic analysis, which was integrated later. RESULTS: an association was found between the social aspects domain of quality of life and a moderate level of resilience related to the characteristics of life in rural areas. The integration of results enabled verifying that these two constructs (which mutually influence each other) are mediated by protective factors, resilience developed by the rural women, such as spirituality and the formation of social support, enchantment, and a feeling of belonging to their context. CONCLUSION: by developing protective factors, rural women develop a resilient behavior that favors their quality of life. Identifying these factors enables the development of psychosocial interventions to promote rural women's health.

Identification and development of a series of disubstituted piperazines for the treatment of Chagas disease.

Approximately 6-7 million people around the world are estimated to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. The current treatments are inadequate and therefore new medical interventions are urgently needed. In this paper we describe the identification of a series of disubstituted piperazines which shows good potency against the target parasite but is hampered by poor metabolic stability. We outline the strategies used to mitigate this issue such as lowering logD, bioisosteric replacements of the metabolically labile piperazine ring and use of plate-based arrays for quick diversity scoping. We discuss the success of these strategies within the context of this series and highlight the challenges faced in phenotypic programs when attempting to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of compounds whilst maintaining potency against the desired target.

Desafios vivenciados na sorodiferença ao HIV: reflexões à luz da filosofia da vontade de Schopenhauer / Serodifferent relations to the HIV virus in light of Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy of will / Relaciones serodiferentes con el virus del VIH a la luz dela filosofía de la voluntad de Arthur Schopenhauer

Objetivo: refletir sobre asrelações sorodiferentes aovírus HIV e seus desafios a partir da filosofia da vontade de Arthur Schopenhauer. Método:trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivorealizado a partir da busca por artigos elivros, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2021.Resultados:Observa-seque os pressupostos conceituaise a filosofia da vontadede Artur Schopenhaouer têmrelação com o contexto atualreferente aos desafios que os parceiros sorodiferentesvivenciamem suas relações, como a invisibilidade dessas relações na condição da diferença sorológica perante a sociedade e nos serviços de saúde, o preconceito e a falta de informação acerca das possibilidadesque se sobrepõemao conceitodesofrimento e dor, constantemente associados a essas parcerias. Considerações finais: as reflexõesrealizadas sinalizam que a vontadedos parceiros sexuaisde permanecer no relacionamentoem condição de sorodiferença ao vírus HIVé a força matriz paravencer os desafiose riscos peculiares a essa forma de convivência.Acredita-se que acompreensãodas relações sorodiferentes ao vírus HIV a partir de uma fundamentação filosóficaé relevante no processoressignificação da infecção na sociedade, pelos profissionais de saúdee nos diferentes âmbitos dos serviços responsáveis por acompanhar e acolher esses parceiros.

Objective: to reflect on the challenges experienced in serodifferent relationships with the HIV virus based on Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy of will. Method:this is a theoretical-reflective study carried out from the search for articles, books, dissertations andtheses in the months of October and November 2021. Results:It is observed that the conceptual assumptions and the philosophy of will of Artur Schopenhaouer are related to the current context regarding the challenges that serodifferent partners experiencein their relationships, such as the invisibility of these relationships in the condition of serological difference before society and in health services, prejudice and lack of information about the possibilities that overlap tothe concept of suffering and pain, constantly associated with these partnerships. Final considerations:the reflections carried out indicate that the desire of sexual partners to remain in the relationship in a condition of serodifference to the HIV virusis the matrix force to overcome the challenges and risks peculiar to this form of coexistence. It is believed that the understanding of serodifferent relationships to the HIV virus from a philosophical foundation is relevant in the process of resignifyingthe infection in society, by health professionals and in the different scopes of the services responsible for monitoring and welcoming these partners.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobrelos desafíos vividos en las relaciones serodiferentes con el virus del VIH a partir de la filosofía de la voluntad de Arthur Schopenhauer. Método:se trata de un estudio teórico-reflexivo realizado a partir de la búsqueda de artículos, libros, disertaciones y tesis en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021. Resultados:Se observa que los presupuestos conceptuales y la filosofía de la voluntad de Artur Schopenhaouer están relacionados al contexto actual respecto a los desafíos que experimentan las parejasserodiferentes en sus relaciones, tales como la invisibilidad de estas relaciones en condición de diferencia serológica ante la sociedad y en los servicios de salud, el prejuicio y la falta de información sobre las posibilidadesque se superponen al concepto de sufrimiento y el dolor, constantemente asociados a estas asociaciones. Consideracionesfinales:las reflexiones realizadas indican que el deseo de los compañeros sexuales de permanecer en la relación en condición de serodiferenciaal virus del VIH es la fuerza matriz para superar los desafíos y riesgos propios de esta forma de convivencia. Se cree que la comprensión de las relaciones serodiferentes al virus VIH desde una base filosófica es relevante en el proceso de resignificaciónde la infección enla sociedad, por parte de los profesionales de la salud y en los diferentes ámbitos de los servicios encargados del acompañamiento y acogida de estos asociados.

Caracterização do perfil de mulheres rurais segundo fatores sociodemográficos, laborais e epidemiológicos / Caracterización del perfil de las mujeres rurales según los factores sociodemográficos, laborales y epidemiológicos / Characterizing the profile of rural women according to socio-demographic, labor and epidemiological factors

As mulheres rurais possuem meios de vida e estrutura familiar própria do contexto no qual se encontram inseridas, o que frequentemente favorece sua vulnerabilização. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, laboral e epidemiológico de mulheres rurais. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de julho a novembro de 2020 em área rural do município de Nazarezinho, Paraíba, Brasil, junto a 87 mulheres rurais acompanhadas por uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família. A análise se deu por estatística descritiva. Verificou-se predominância de mulheres rurais com poucos anos de estudo formal, com média de idade economicamente ativa, com laços conjugais e filhos, de renda mensal de até um salário mínimo, e que desempenhavam papeis consideráveis no trabalho rural, sobretudo nas atividades de plantio e colheita. Quase metade delas declarou possuir doença crônica, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica a mais apontada. Conclui-se o perfi l de mulheres rurais indica vulnerabilidades sociais que devem ser combatidas a partir da implementação de políticas públicas com vistas à promoção da sua saúde, melhoria da qualidade de vida e garantia de direitos fundamentais.

Las mujeres rurales tienen medios de vida y estructura familiar relacionados con el contexto en el que se insertan, lo que muchas veces favorece su vulnerabilidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y epidemiológico de las mujeres rurales. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados entre julio y noviembre de 2020 en una zona rural del municipio de Nazarezinho, Paraíba, Brasil. Participaron 87 mujeres rurales acompañadas de una unidad de estrategia de salud de la familia. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Predominaron las mujeres rurales con pocos años de educación formal, con edad promedio económicamente activa, con vínculo matrimonial e hijos, con ingresos mensuales de hasta un salario mínimo, y que desempeñaban roles importantes en el trabajo rural, especialmente en actividades de siembra y cosecha. Casi la mitad de ellos declaró tener una enfermedad crónica, siendo la hipertensión arterial sistémica la más mencionada. Se concluye el perfil de la mujer rural indica vulnerabilidades sociales que deben ser atendidas mediante la implementación de políticas públicas con miras a promover su salud, mejorar su calidad de vida y garantizar los derechos fundamentales.

Rural women have livelihoods and family structure related to the context in which they are inserted, which often favors their vulnerability. This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic, labor and epidemiological profile of rural women. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected between July and November 2020 in a rural area in the municipality of Nazarezinho, Paraíba, Brazil. Participants were 87 rural women accompanied by a Family Health Strategy unit. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. There was a predominance of rural women with few years of formal education, with an average age of economically active, with marital ties and children, with a monthly income of up to one minimum wage, and who played considerable roles in rural work, especially in planting activities and harvest. Almost half of them declared having a chronic disease, with systemic arterial hypertension being the most mentioned. It is concluded the profile of rural women indicates social vulnerabilities that must be tackled through the implementation of public policies with a view to promoting their health, improving their quality of life and guaranteeing fundamental rights.

The use of phenomenological frameworks in Brazilian nursing research at the stricto sensu level: an overview / El uso de marcos fenomenológicos en la investigación en enfermería brasileña en el nivel stricto sensu: una visión general / Referencial fenomenológico nas pesquisas brasileiras de enfermagem a nível stricto sensu: panorama brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the stricto sensu scientific production of Brazilian nursing that resorts to phenomenological theoretical frameworks. Method: Descriptive, exploratory, and document study carried out using the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations from January to April 2022. Result: The sample included 600 dissertations and theses, with a predominance of the Heideggerian framework, followed by Schütz and Merleau-Ponty. Topics discussed included nursing care in women's health, mental health, pediatric and adolescent nursing, oncology nursing, obstetric nursing, Primary Health Care, as well as family and nursing education. Conclusion: Phenomenology was found to be a powerful reference for the unveiling of the phenomena of interest to the field of nursing, contributing to the construction of knowledge about the being who cares, the being who is cared for, and the care itself.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción científica stricto sensu de enfermeros brasileños que utiliza encuadres teóricos de la fenomenología. Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y documental hecho por medio de pesquisas en el catálogo de tesis y disertaciones de la CAPES, de enero a abril de 2022. Resultado: La muestra incluyo 600 disertaciones y tesis, con una predominancia de referencias a Heidegger, seguido por Schütz y Merleau-Ponty. Los temas discutidos incluyeran cuidados de enfermería en salud de la mujer, salud mental, enfermería pediátrica y adolescente, enfermería oncológica, enfermería obstétrica, Atención Primaria a la Salud, así como enfermería de la familia y educación en enfermería. Conclusión: La fenomenologíase ha mostrado una poderosa referencia para desvelar a los fenómenos de interés para el campo de la enfermería, así contribuyendo para la construcción del conocimiento sobre el ser que cuida, el ser que recibe cuidado, y el cuidado mismo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica stricto sensu da enfermagem brasileira que utilizou referencial fenomenológico. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de caráter documental realizado a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES no período de janeiro a abril de 2022. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 600 dissertações e teses, com predomínio do referencial heideggeriano, seguido de Schütz e Merleau-ponty. As temáticas se concentraram no cuidado de enfermagem em saúde da mulher, saúde mental, enfermagem pediátrica e do adolescente, enfermagem oncológica, enfermagem obstétrica, Atenção Primária à Saúde, família, e educação em enfermagem. Conclusão: A fenomenologia se apresenta como um referencial potente para o desvelamento dos fenômenos de interesse da enfermagem, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento sobre o ser que cuida, o ser que é cuidado e o próprio cuidado em si.

Interseções entre resiliência e qualidade de vida em mulheres rurais: estudo de métodos mistos / Intersections between rural women's resilience and quality of life: a mixed-methods study / Intersecciones entre resiliencia y calidad de vida en mujeres rurales: estudio de métodos mixtos

Resumo Objetivo: analisar as interseções entre qualidade de vida e resiliência de mulheres rurais. Método: estudo de métodos mistos convergente, no qual foram triangulados um estudo quantitativo de corte transversal e um estudo qualitativo guiado pela da história oral de vida. Os dados foram concomitantemente coletados utilizando-se de um formulário sociodemográfico, da Escala de Resiliência, do Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey e mediante entrevistas abertas. A análise deu-se por estatística descritiva e inferencial e análise temática indutiva, com posterior integração. Resultados: constatou-se associação entre o domínio aspectos sociais de qualidade de vida e o grau moderado de resiliência, relacionado às características do cotidiano rural. A integração dos resultados possibilitou reconhecer que a interseção entre os dois construtos, que se influenciam mutuamente, ocorre pela mediação de fatores de proteção para resiliência elaborados pelas mulheres rurais, como a espiritualidade, a formação de redes de apoio social e os sentimentos de encantamento e pertencimento ao seu contexto. Conclusão: a partir da elaboração de fatores de proteção, as mulheres rurais desencadeiam atitudes resilientes que contribuem para sua qualidade de vida. A identificação desses fatores permite o desenvolvimento de intervenções psicossociais que podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde da mulher rural.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the intersections between rural women's quality of life and resilience. Method: convergent mixed methods design in which a cross-sectional quantitative study is triangulated with a qualitative study guided by Oral History. Data were collected concomitantly, using a socio-demographic form, Resilience Scale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and open-ended interviews. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics and inductive thematic analysis, which was integrated later. Results: an association was found between the social aspects domain of quality of life and a moderate level of resilience related to the characteristics of life in rural areas. The integration of results enabled verifying that these two constructs (which mutually influence each other) are mediated by protective factors, resilience developed by the rural women, such as spirituality and the formation of social support, enchantment, and a feeling of belonging to their context. Conclusion: by developing protective factors, rural women develop a resilient behavior that favors their quality of life. Identifying these factors enables the development of psychosocial interventions to promote rural women's health.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar las intersecciones entre calidad de vida y resiliencia en mujeres rurales. Método: estudio de métodos mixtos convergentes, en el que fueron triangulados un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal y un estudio cualitativo guiado por la historia oral de vida. Los datos fueron concomitantemente recolectados utilizando formulario: sociodemográfico de la Escala de Resiliencia y del Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; y, mediante entrevistas abiertas. El análisis se realizó con la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, y con el análisis temático inductivo, con posterior integración. Resultados: se constató asociación entre el dominio aspectos sociales de calidad de vida y el grado moderado de resiliencia, relacionado con las características de lo cotidiano rural. La integración de los resultados posibilitó reconocer que la intersección entre los dos constructos, que se influencian mutuamente, ocurre por la mediación de factores de protección para la resiliencia, elaborados por las mujeres rurales, como la espiritualidad, la formación de redes de apoyo social, y los sentimientos de encantamiento y pertenencia a su contexto. Conclusión: a partir de la elaboración de factores de protección, las mujeres rurales desencadenan actitudes resilientes que contribuyen para su calidad de vida. La identificación de esos factores permite el desarrollo de intervenciones psicosociales que pueden contribuir para la promoción de la salud de la mujer rural.

Elements that influenced immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour / Elementos que influyeron en el contacto inmediato entre madre y bebé en la hora dorada / Elementos Que Influenciaram No Contato Imediato Entre Mãe E Bebê Na hora dourada

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison. Results: Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes. Conclusion: Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los elementos que influyeron en el contacto inmediato entre madre y bebé en la hora dorada. Método: Estudio observacional transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se observaron un total de 105 parturientas hospitalizadas en dos maternidades de riesgo habitual. El instrumento se basó en la guía para la atención del parto normal en Brasil y las buenas prácticas obstétricas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, totalizando 36 preguntas. El análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva utilizando la Prueba Chi-Cuadrado para comparación de proporciones. Resultados: De las parturientas, 2,8% (n = 3) experimentó la hora dorada y 82,9% (n = 87), el contacto inmediato entre 1 y 5 minutos. En el 85,7% (n = 90) del grupo no hubo causas que contraindicaran el contacto inmediato. Para el 48,0% (n = 49) de los participantes, el contacto fue restablecido por el personal de enfermería dentro de los 31-60 minutos. Conclusión: El contacto inmediato en la hora dorada tuvo baja adherencia en la atención hospitalaria. Los procedimientos neonatales que pueden posponerse predominaron como elementos influyentes de la hora dorada. La asistencia observada en las salas de parto investigadas refleja la necesidad de reducir las intervenciones en el trabajo de parto y nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os elementos que influenciaram no contato imediato entre mãe e bebê na hora dourada. Método: Estudo observacional transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram observadas 105 parturientes internadas em duas maternidades de risco habitual. O instrumento teve como base as Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal e as boas práticas obstétricas da Organização Mundial da Saúde, totalizando 36 questões. A análise ocorreu de forma descritiva mediante o Teste do Qui-Quadrado para comparação de proporção. Resultados: Das parturientes, 2,8% (n = 3) vivenciaram a hora dourada, e 82,9% (n = 87), o contato imediato entre 1 e 5 minutos. Em 85,7% (n = 90) do grupo, não houve causas que contraindicassem o contato imediato. Para 48,0% (n = 49) das participantes, o contato foi restabelecido pela enfermagem entre 31-60 minutos. Conclusão O contato imediato na hora dourada teve baixa adesão na assistência hospitalar. Os procedimentos neonatais passíveis de serem adiados predominaram como elementos influenciadores da hora dourada. A assistência observada nas salas de parto investigadas reflete a necessidade de reduzir as intervenções no parto e nascimento.

Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: sociodemographic and clinical profile in Brazilian municipalities.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of tuberculosis cases with Diabetes Mellitus in Brazilian municipalities in the states of São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Norte. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, whose population consisted of tuberculosis cases notified between 2010 and 2014. Data were collected from secondary sources. In the data analysis, descriptive analysis and multiple correspondence analysis techniques were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes among tuberculosis cases ranged from 4.5% to 13.4% in the municipalities. Evidence of an association was observed between tuberculosis/diabetes comorbidity and female population, age of 61 years or more, low schooling, negative HIV/AIDS, longer treatment time, self-administered treatment and cure. CONCLUSION: The study showed a greater cure outcome in the profile of people with tuberculosis/diabetes comorbidity, even among those on a self-administered regime, which could favor the development of specific guidelines for the management of tuberculosis in these people.

Ações executadas no Programa Saúde na Escola e seus fatores associados / Acciones realizadas en el "Programa Salud en la Escuela" y sus factores asociados / Actions implemented by the "Health at School Program" and its associated factors

Objetivo: analisar a associação das ações dos componentes I (com ações de avaliação clínica e psicossocial) e II (com ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças e agravos) do Programa Saúde na Escola com a sua localização territorial, categoria e qualificação profissional. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, normativo e de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre maio e julho de 2017 com instrumento construído com base nas normatizações do programa. Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste exato de Fisher) com o auxílio de um software estatístico e social. Resultados: 84,8 % dos participantes eram do sexo feminino e com tempo médio de atuação de 7,2 anos no Programa Saúde na Escola. As ações mais frequentes foram avaliação da saúde bucal (50,5 %), avaliação antropométrica (39 %) e avaliação da situação vacinal (35,2 %). Houve associação das ações desenvolvidas com a localização territorial (p = < 0,05), a categoria profissional (p = < 0,040) e a qualificação profissional (p = 0,001). Conclusões: as ações do Programa Saúde na Escola mais frequentemente desenvolvidas são relacionadas ao componente de avaliação clínica. Elas são executadas a partir das necessidades territoriais, influenciadas pelos profisisonais da saúde, e são pautadas pela gestão do programa. É oportuno utilizar esses achados para readequar a oferta das ações do Programa Saúde na Escola.

Objetivo: analizar la asociación de las acciones del componente I (con acciones de evaluación clínica y psicosocial) y II (con acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades y riesgos) del "Programa Salud en la Escuela" con su ubicación territorial, categoría y calificación profesional. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal y normativo con enfoque cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de mayo y julio de 2017 con un instrumento construido a partir de los estándares del programa. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial (prueba exacta de Fisher) con la ayuda de software estadístico y social. Resultados: el 84,8 % de los participantes corresponde a mujeres con un tiempo medio de vinculación con el Programa Salud en la Escuela de 7,2 años. Las acciones más frecuentes fueron evaluación de la salud bucal (50,5 %), evaluación antropométrica (39 %) y evaluación del estado de vacunación (35,2 %). Se registró una asociación entre las acciones desarrolladas y la ubicación territorial (p = < 0,05), la categoría profesional (p = < 0,040) y la calificación profesional (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: las acciones del Programa Salud en la Escuela que se desarrollan con mayor frecuencia están relacionadas con el componente de evaluación clínica. Se ejecutan en función de las necesidades territoriales, están influenciadas por los profesionales de la salud y son guiadas por la gestión del programa. Así, resulta oportuno considerar estos hallazgos para reajustar la oferta de acciones del Programa Salud en la Escuela.

Objective: To examine the association of the actions in components I (clinical and psychosocial evaluation) and II (health promotion and disease and health risks prevention) of the "Health at School Program" with its territorial location, category, and professional qualification. Materials and methods: Transversal and normative study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out between May and July 2017 using an instrument built from the program's standards. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher's exact test) with the aid of statistical and social analysis software. Results: 84.8% of the participants were female with a mean time of 7.2 years enrolled in the Health at School Program. The most frequent actions were oral health assessment (50.5 %), anthropometric assessment (39 %), and vaccination status assessment (35.2 %). There was an association between the actions developed by the program and the territorial location (p = < 0.05), the professional category (p = < 0.040), and the professional qualification (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Actions most frequently developed as part of the Health at School Program are related to the clinical evaluation component. They are executed based on territorial needs, influenced by health professionals, and guided by program management. It is appropriate to consider these findings in order to readjust the offer of activities by the program.