[Use of flexible transnasal esophagogastroscopy in patients with unclear globus sensation]. / Einsatz der flexiblen transnasalen Ösophagogastroskopie bei Patienten mit unklarem Globus pharyngeus.

BACKGROUND: Globus pharyngeus is a common symptom with considerable suffering. Globus sensation can be caused by reflux. In many places, endoscopy of the esophagus is recommended for clarification, especially when there is a question about the presence of a hiatal hernia as the cause of reflux. Transnasal esophagogastroscopy (TNE) represents an alternative to conventional gastroesophagoscopy. It enables a quick low-complication examination of the upper aerodigestive tract in the sitting, non-sedated patient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of outpatient TNE in patients with globus sensation. Furthermore, the results of dual-probe pH monitoring were compared with the results of TNE in order to assess the value of TNE in the clarification of globus sensation and reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 30 patients with globus symptoms, 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring and TNE were performed. In pH monitoring, reflux number, fraction time, reflux surface area index, and DeMeester score were evaluated as indicators of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Abnormalities of the esophageal mucosa and the gastroesophageal junction were recorded in TNE. The results were compared. RESULTS: The TNE could be performed without any complications. Mean examination time was 5.34 ± 0.12 min. Reflux was measured in 80% of the patients (24/30) with pH monitoring. In almost half of these patients (46%), abnormalities were detected in TNE as indirect evidence of reflux. In addition to an axial hiatal hernia, these included mucosal changes such as erosive esophagitis and Barrett's metaplasia. Patients with a hiatal hernia also suffered significantly more often from LPR than patients without a hernia (9:1). CONCLUSION: TNE is a quick and safe examination method for diagnosing patients with an unclear globus sensation. Detection of a hiatal hernia can be seen as an indication of reflux disease. Lack of evidence of a hernia does not rule out reflux. Thus, TNE is a useful addition to pH monitoring in patients with globus sensation, because reflux-related changes in the mucosa can be recognized early and adequately treated.

[Parathyroid carcinoma: a rare and aggressive tumor]. / Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom: ein seltener und aggressiver Tumor.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a very rare disease that is accompanied by a poor prognosis. Diagnosis is based on laboratory tests (calcium, parathyroid hormone), sonography, and scintigraphy. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Adjuvant therapy is controversial. The lack of treatment guidelines and experience with this disease often delay timely therapy. In the following article, we report on two female patients with parathyroid carcinoma who underwent surgery in our clinic.