[Ferroptosis-associated lesion as a potential target for cardiovascular disease: A review].

Cell death is an important feature of the development of multicellular organisms, a critical factor in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the mechanisms that control cell death is crucial to determine its role in the development of the pathological process. However, the most well-known types of cell death cannot fully explain the pathophysiology of heart disease. Understanding how cardiomyocytes die and why their regeneration is limited is an important area of research. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death that differs from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death in terms of morphology, metabolism, and protein expression. Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species resulting from lipid peroxidation and subsequent oxidative stress, which can be prevented by iron chelates (eg, deferoxamine) and small lipophilic antioxidants (eg, ferrostatin, liproхstatin). In recent years, many studies have been carried out on ferroptosis in the context of the development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other diseases. In addition to cardiovascular diseases, the review also presents data on the role of ferroptosis in the development of other socially significant diseases, such as COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. With the study of ferroptosis, it turned out that ferroptosis participates in the development of bacterial infection associated with the persistence in the host body of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The review summarizes the recent advances in the study of ferroptosis, characterizing this type of cell death as a novel therapeutic target.

[Methotrexate-induced lung damage in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

We herein report a case of interstitial lung disease secondary to the use of methotrexate in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Differential diagnosis between pneumonitis caused by methotrexate in patients treated with basic methotrexate therapy and interstitial pulmonary disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis is based on the clinical examination and instrumental data. The main condition for favorable clinical outcome in all drug-induced lung disease is drug withdrawal, what was proven in our report.

Autoimmune liver disease (primary biliary cholangitis/autoimmune hepatitis-overlap) associated with sarcoidosis (clinical cases and literature review).

Clinical features of overlap autoimmune hepatitis/primary biliary cholangitis and morphological-proved sarcoid lesions (lungs, lymph nodes, skin) were performed. Data of long-term clinical observation presented in comparison with the results of laboratory datas, instrumental and morphological studies of liver tissue, lungs, skin. The modern aspects of pathogenesis of association autoimmune and granulomatous diseases arediscussed on the example of clinical cases of combination of cholestatic variants of autoimmune hepatitis and generalized sarcoidosis. Keywords: sarcoidosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis-overlap, extrahepatic manifestations.

Clinical features of cardiac lesion in patients with generalized sarcoidosis.

The article presents a clinical observation of two patients with generalized sarcoidosis. The woman typical granulomatous changes in the lungs and lymph nodes combined with atrial fibrillation, kidney failure and hereditary thrombophilia, men with atherosclerotic coronary arteries, re-myocardial infarction, cholestasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis. The accession of systemic manifestations was accompanied by increase of level of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood serum, morphological examination of lung tissue in both cases there were high histological activity of vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation. Extrapulmonary symptoms regressed when conducting immunosuppressive therapy. Discusses modern aspects of diagnosis of sarcoidosis in clinical practice.

[The precursors of N-nitroso compounds in the drinking water and digestive system malignancy morbidity rates in Tashkent].

The authors have studied a correlation between the intake of the precursors of N-nitroso compounds from drinking water in Tashkent residents and the digestive malignancy morbidity rates. With the average urban value of 4.1-6.6 mg/l, the drinking water levels of nitrates are found to vary in different administrative districts of Tashkent: the highest values (range 73-20.3 mg/l) are annually recorded in the Khamzin and Yakkasaray districts and the lowest ones (1.0-1.4 mg/l) in the Yunusabad, Shaikhantakhur, Mirzo-ulugbek, and Uchtepin districts. There is a direct average correlation (r = 0.5-0.6) between the intake of nitrates and the digestive malignancy morbidity rates in the majority of administrative districts of the city and a high one (r = 0.7-0.9) when the values are compared, by taking into account the 3-5 year delay effect.

[The formation of the basis for the health life style of school children]. / Formirovanie osnov zdorovogo obraza zhizni u shkol'nikov.

Sanitary knowledge of graduates of the Tashkent schools on healthy life style was studied. Poor knowledge and understanding of the value of health and role of healthy life style in health preservation were revealed. The majority of graduates just vaguely know the main components of a healthy life style, as a result of which their actual life style cannot help them preserve their health. The authors suggest that a curriculum for the formation of a healthy life style be developed for schoolchildren, which will determine the priorities and the most rational forms of a healthy life style.

[Chronic fatigue syndrome:objective criteria of metabolic defects]. / Sindrom khronicheskogo utomleniia: ob"ektivnye kriterii metabolicheskikh narushenii.

Multi-level system of defense mechanisms is studied in 206 normal subjects living in an ecologically unfavorable region and working at chemical plants. Control group consisted of 24 subjects living in en ecologically safe region. The content of total protein and albumin and its effective and binding capacity were decreased, while the content of medium molecular weight peptides increased in the blood of subjects exposed to technogenic environmental pollution. The detected shifts are regarded as a mechanism of development of chronic fatigue syndrome.

[Biologically active additive from milk thistle in the solution of public health problems]. / Biologicheski aktivnaia dobavka iz rastoropshi v reshenii problem ozdorovleniia naseleniia.

Influence of bioactive additions from natural vegetable raw materials--silybum marianum--in the content of bread products on health and metabolism was studied. It is shown bread products with silybum marianum to be effective medicine with general restorative influence, increasing internal protection resources, capacity for work and vital activity.