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BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus causes systemic inflammation and damage to various organs. So, this study aimed to follow up patients with COVID -19 after recovery for three months by performing cardiac, pulmonary and laboratory tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients who were discharged from Baharloo Hospital. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR or long CT scan. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 years and patients with more than 50% of pulmonary involvement in lung CT scan. The patients were called to Baharloo hospital three months after recovery and were examined for cardiac, pulmonary and blood tests. RESULT: Our study included 178 participants with mean age of 55.70, and 50.6% of them were male. Among pulmonary factors in the hospital, 71.9%, 15.7%,1.7%,19.1% and 53.4% had positive GGO, consolidation, reverse halo sign, traction bronchiectasis and vascular enlargement, respectively. After three months follow up, percentage of patients who had reticulation, honeycombing, fibrotic brand and bullae were 12%, 1.1%,8.4% and 0%, respectively. The Mean values of FVC and FEV1 were reported 4.21 and 3.01, respectively. Among Cardiac factors, positive PVC, PAC and mean Pap were decreased after three months. Only Growth in myalgia and Decreased sense of taste were statistically significant. Also, D dimer, UA protein, PMN, Ferritin CRP, PMN, LDH and HB amounts had decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that in addition to pulmonary changes, rapid damage to other organs and the occurrence of cardiac symptoms and changes in laboratory result were also reported in patients recovered from COVID-19.
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Background: Systemic sclerosis is a chronic disease of connective tissue accompanied by fibrosis of the skin and inner organs and an increased risk of foot ulcers. Biomechanical indices such as soft-tissue thickness and compressibility may correlate with the risk of this phenomenon. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess heel pad and first metatarsal head (MTH) soft-tissue thickness and compressibility index (CI) in scleroderma patients compared to matched healthy individuals. Not all patients had foot ulcers. Methods: Heel pad thickness in standing (loaded) and lying (unloaded) positions were measured in 40 scleroderma patients by means of a lateral foot radiograph. CI was measured as the ratio of loaded to unloaded thickness. The Soft-tissue thickness of the first MTH was measured by ultrasound. Results were compared with 40 healthy controls of matched age and body mass index. All patients' diagnoses were made based on the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Results: Forty scleroderma patients (36 females, 4 males) with the following demographics were studied; mean age (SD) 45(12), mean body mass index 25.5 (4), and mean disease duration=10(9.6) years; only 8 (20%) had digital ulcers. Patients' heel pad thickness and CI in the dominant side and MTH soft-tissue thickness on both sides were significantly different compared to the control group. Comparison of results in patients with and without foot ulcers also showed a significant difference in soft-tissue thickness. Thickness was negatively associated with disease duration, but the CI did not change over time. Conclusion: Soft-tissue thickness of the foot decreases in scleroderma patients and is associated with foot ulcers and digital ulcers in the hands.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0226-x.].
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CONTEXT: Pheochromocytoma is a rare disease but with high mortality if it is not being diagnosed early. Several biochemical tests with high accuracy have been obtained, but the clinical threshold for request of these tests is not determined clearly. OBJECTIVES: To determine the Likelihood Ratios of clinical symptoms and signs in diagnosing pheochromocytoma. And also meta-analysis of their sensitivity in this disease. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE was searched for relevant English-language articles dated 1960 to February 2014. Bibliographies were searched to find additional articles. STUDY SELECTION: We included original studies describing the sensitivity and/or likelihood ratios of signs and symptoms in clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma. Their method of diagnosis should have been based on pathology. We excluded specific subtypes or syndromes related to pheochromocytoma, or specific ages or gender. Also we excluded studies before 1993 (JNC5) which no definition of hypertension was presented. 37 articles were chosen finally. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors reviewed data from articles independently and gave discrepancies to third author for decision. The aim was extraction of raw numbers of patients having defined signs or symptoms, and draw 2 × 2 tables if data available. We meta-analyzed sensitivities by Statsdirect and Likelihood Ratios by Meta-disc soft wares. Because our data was heterogeneous based on I(2) > 50 % (except negative Likelihood ratio of hypertension), we used random effect model for doing meta-analysis. We checked publication bias by drawing Funnel plot for each sign/symptom, and also Egger test. DATA SYNTHESIS: The most prevalent signs and symptoms reported were hypertension (pooled sensitivity of 80.7 %), headache (pooled sensitivity of 60.4 %), palpitation (pooled sensitivity of 59.3 %) and diaphoresis (pooled sensitivity of 52.4 %). The definition of orthostatic hypotension was different among studies. The sensitivity was 23-50 %. Paroxysmal hypertension, chest pain, flushing, and weakness were the signs/symptoms which had publication bias based on Funnel plot and Egger test (P value < 0.05). Seven of the articles had control group, and could be used for calculating LR of signs/symptoms. Diaphoresis (LR+ 2.2, LR-0.45), Palpitation (LR+ 1.9, LR-0.52) and headache (LR+ 1.6, LR-0.24) were significant symptoms in clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Other signs and symptoms had been reported in only one study and could not have been meta-analyzed. Classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis in hypertensive patients had the LR+ 6.312 (95 % CI 0.217-183.217) and LR-0.139 (95 % CI 0.059-0.331). Surprisingly, hypertension was not important in clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma, and even normotension increased the probability of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: By available data, there is no single clinical finding that has significant value in diagnosis or excluding pheochromocytoma. Combination of certain symptoms, signs and para-clinical exams is more valuable for physicians. Further studies should be done, to specify the value of clinical findings.Until that time the process of diagnosis will be based on clinical suspicion and lab tests followed by related imaging.
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BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death. It has a poor prognosis with only 5-10% of hereditary etiology. If it is diagnosed, it could be helpful for screening the other susceptible members of a family for preventive procedures. Usually it is identified by symptoms such as presence of cancer in different members of family, some special type of pathology such as diffused adenocarcinoma, having younger age and multiple cancer syndromes. Hence, designing a registry program can be a more practical way to screen high risk families for a preventive program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the inclusion criteria, a questionnaire was prepared. After pilot on a small number of patients, the actual data was collected from 197 patients and processed in SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: Totally, 11.8% of the patients were younger than 45 years old. Blood type 'A' was dominant and males had a higher risk behavior with higher consumption of unhealthy food. Adenocarcinoma was reported in majority of cases. 21.8% of the patients had the including criteria for familial gastric cancer (FGC). CONCLUSIONS: The high percentage of FGC population compared to the other studies have revealed a need to design an infrastructural diagnostic protocol and screening program for patients with FGC, plus preventive program for family members at risk which could be done by a precise survey related to frequency and founder mutations of FGC in a national registry program.
