Comparative efficacy of quadratus lumborum type-II and erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Quadratus lumborum and erector spinae plane blocks have been used to provide analgesia in patients undergoing thoracic or abdominal surgeries. Our study compared the analgesic efficacy of the quadratus lumborum type-II block (QLB-II) and the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in parturients who underwent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with comparable demographic profiles were randomised into two groups, QLB-II (n = 26) and ESPB (n = 26). After the surgery, patients received either ultrasound-guided QLB-II or ESPB using 0.25% bupivacaine 0.3 mL/kg. Comparison of analgesic efficacy was in terms of fentanyl consumption (primary outcome), pain scores, incidence of complications in the 24-h postoperative period, and quality of recovery (QoR-15) on postoperative days one and two, and day of discharge. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in cumulative number of fentanyl doses (W = 349.000, P = 0.840), numerical rating score at rest (P = 0.648) or with movement (P = 0.520), QoR-15 scores on postoperative day one (P = 0.549), day two (P = 0.927) or day of discharge (P = 0.676). CONCLUSION: We concluded that patients who underwent QLB-II or ESPB reported similar analgesic efficacy, complications, and quality of recovery in the postoperative period.

Patient's Experiences and Satisfaction in Diabetes Care and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure for Follow-Up Care Among Diabetes Patients in Urban Puducherry, South India.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has huge economic burden for both patient and health-care system. Management of the condition in India faces multiple challenges such as paucity of trained medical and paramedical staff, poor quality, lack of satisfaction with services, and unaffordability of services. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of satisfaction and the out-of-pocket expenditure for type 2 diabetes patients receiving treatment from public and private sectors in urban Puducherry. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Urban Health Centre area of tertiary care center from August to September 2016. A total of 200 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus for 1 year or more and resided for at least a year in Puducherry were included in the study. Among the 200 participants, 100 were receiving care from government and 100 from private facility. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Median cost of diabetes care in government facility was 2000 INR while in private facility was 13050 INR. About 70.1% of the patients were satisfied with the health-care services received. There was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction between government and private health facility. Almost three-fourths of the diabetes patients are satisfied with the care received irrespective of the type of health facility. The cost of diabetes care is more for patients seeking care from private sector than public sector. Availability of insulin and free syringes in the primary health center, provision of specialized footwear, and spectacles free of cost can help in reducing the out-of-pocket expenditure.