Efficacy of ganglion impar block combined with pudendal nerve pulsed radiofrequency for pudendal neuralgia management-a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Pudendal neuralgia is a chronic and debilitating condition. Its prevalence ranges from 5 to 26%. Currently, therapeutic approaches to treat pudendal neuralgia include patient education, medication management, psychological and physical therapy, and procedural interventions, such as nerve block, trigger point injections, and surgery. Drug therapy has a limited effect on pain relief. A pudendal nerve block may cause a significant decrease in pain scores for a short time; however, its efficacy significantly decreases over time. In contrast, pudendal nerve pulsed radiofrequency can provide pain relief for 3 months, and ganglion impar block has been widely used for treating chronic perineal pain and chronic coccygodynia. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of monotherapy (pudendal nerve pulsed radiofrequency) and combination therapy (pudendal nerve pulsed radiofrequency plus ganglion impar block) in patients with pudendal neuralgia. METHODS: This randomized, controlled clinical trial will include 84 patients with pudendal neuralgia who failed to respond to drug or physical therapy. Patients will be randomly assigned into one of the two groups: mono or combined treatment groups. The primary outcome will be a change in pain intensity measured using the visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes will include a Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score, Self-Rating Depression Scale score, the use of oral analgesics, the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey Short Form-36 Item score, and the occurrence of adverse effects. The study results will be analyzed using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Primary and secondary outcomes will be evaluated between the mono and combined treatment groups. Subgroup analyses will be conducted based on the initial ailment, age, and baseline pain intensity. The safety of the treatment will be assessed by monitoring adverse events, which will be compared between the two groups. DISCUSSION: This study protocol describes a randomized, controlled clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of mono and combination therapies in patients with pudendal neuralgia. The study results will provide valuable information on the potential benefits of this combination therapy and contribute to the development of more effective and safer treatments for patients with pudendal neuralgia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061800).

[Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction treats type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with acute myocardial infarction via chemerin/ CMKLR1/PPARα signaling pathway].

This study aims to investigate the effects of Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction(GXBD) on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) combined with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in rats via chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1(CMKLR1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα) signaling pathway, and to explore the mechanism of GXBD in alleviating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. The SD rats were randomized into control, model, positive control, and low-and high-dose GXBD groups. The rat model of T2DM was established by administration with high-fat emulsion(HFE) by gavage and intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin, and then coronary artery ligation was performed to induce AMI. The control and model groups were administrated with the equal volume of normal saline, and other groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage. Changes in relevant metabolic indicators were assessed by ELISA and biochemical assays, and the protein levels of chemerin, CMKLR1, and PPARα in the liver, abdominal fat, and heart were determined by Western blot. The results showed that GXBD alleviated the myocardial damage and reduced the levels of blood lipids, myocardial enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines, while it did not lead to significant changes in blood glucose. Compared with the model group, GXBD down-regulated the expression of chemerin in peripheral blood and up-regulated the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and protein kinase A(PKA) in the liver. After treatment with GXBD, the protein levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 in the liver, abdominal fat, and heart were down-regulated, while the protein levels of PPARα in the liver and abdominal fat were up-regulated. In conclusion, GXBD significantly ameliorated the disorders of glycolipid metabolism in the T2DM-AMI model by regulating the chemerin/CMKLR1/PPARα signaling pathway to exert a protective effect on the damaged myocardium. This study provides a theoretical basis for further clinical study of GXBD against T2DM-AMI and is a manifestation of TCM treatment of phlegm and turbidity causing obstruction at the protein level.

Dual effects on vegetation from urban expansion in the drylands of northern China: A multiscale investigation using the vegetation disturbance index.

Drylands contribute roughly 40 % of the global net primary productivity and are essential for achieving sustainable development. Investigating the effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands within the context of rapid urbanization could help enhance the sustainability of dryland cities. With the use of the drylands of northern China (DNC) as an example, we applied the vegetation disturbance index to investigate the negative and positive effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands. The results revealed that the DNC experienced massive and rapid urban expansion from 2000 to 2020. Urban land in the entire DNC increased by 19,646 km2 from 8141 to 27,787 km2, with an annual growth rate of 6.3 %. Urban expansion in the DNC imposed both negative and positive effects on regional vegetation. The area with negative effects reached 7736 km2 and was mainly concentrated in the dry subhumid zones. The area with positive effects amounted to 5011 km2 and was comparable among the dry subhumid, semiarid, and arid zones. Land use/cover change induced by population growth significantly contributed to these negative effects, while the positive effects were largely caused by economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended to strike a balance between urban growth and vegetation conservation to mitigate the adverse effects on vegetation from urban expansion in drylands. Simultaneously, it is imperative to expand urban green spaces and build sustainable and livable ecological cities to facilitate sustainable urban development.

[Clinical outcomes and bone resection analysis of unilateral double-channel endoscopic technique in treating lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical outcomes and bone resection of interlaminar fenestration decompression and unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) technique in treating lumbar disc herniation(LDH). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 105 patients with single-level LDH treated from December 2019 to December 2021. Fifty-four patients in UBE group,including 32 males and 22 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of(38.7±9.3) years old,were treated with UBE,29 patients with L4,5 and 25 patients with L5S1. There were 51 patients in small fenestration group,including 27 males and 24 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of (39.9±10.0) years old,were treated with small fenestration,25 patients with L4,5 and 26 patients with L5S1. Perioperative indexes,such as operation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were observed and compared between two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared between two groups before operation and 1,3,6 and 12 months after operation,respectively;and modified MacNab evaluation criteria was used to evaluate clinical efficacy. Amount of bone resection and retention rate of inferior articular process laminoid complex were compared between two groups. RESULTS: All 105 patients were successfully completed operation. Both of two groups were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of (10.69±2.49) months. Operation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were (58.20±5.54) min,(2.40±0.57) d and (3.80±0.61) d in UBE group,and (62.90±7.14) min,(4.40±0.64) d and (4.40±0.64) d in small fenestrum group,respectively;and had statistically difference between two groups(P<0.05). Postoperative VAS of low back and leg pain and ODI in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery (P<0.05). VAS of lumbar pain in UBE group (1.37±0.49) score was lower than that of small fenestration group (2.45±0.64) score,and had statistically difference (t=9.745,P<0.05). Postoperative ODI in UBE group at 1 and 3 months were (28.54±3.31) % and (22.87±3.23) %,respectively,which were lower than those in small fenestra group (36.31±9.08) % and (29.90±8.36) %,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in VAS and ODI between two groups at other time points (P>0.05). According to the modified MacNab evaluation criteria at the latest follow-up,49 patients got excellent result,3 good,and 2 fair in UBE group. In small fenestration group,35 patients got excellent,12 good,and 4 fair. In UBE group,amount of bone resection on L4,5 segment was (0.45±0.08) cm3 and (0.31±0.08) cm3 on the segment of L5S1. In small fenestration group,amount of bone resection on L4,5 segment was (0.57±0.07) cm3 and (0.49±0.04) cm3 on the segment of L5S1,and amount of bone resection of lower articular process laminar complex on the same segment in UBE group was less than that in small fenestration group (P<0.05). In UBE group,retention rate of laminoid complex on L4,5 segment was (0.73±0.04) and L5S1 segment was (0.83±0.03),while L4,5 segment was(0.68±0.06) and L5S1 segment was (0.74±0.04) in small fenestration group,the lower articular process laminar complex retention rate in UBE group was higher than that in small fenestration group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both unilateral double-channel endoscopy and small fenestration of laminae could achieve good clinical results in treating LDH,but UBE has advantages of less trauma,higher efficiency,faster postoperative recovery and less damage to bone structure.

Effects of Multi-Mechanism Complementary Therapy on Pain and Anxiety During Labor Latency in Primiparous Women.

Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of single and mixed complementary therapies, with different analgesic mechanisms, in relieving pain and anxiety during the late labor period. Design and method: In this study, 145 primiparous women with 2-3 cm dilation of the cervix were randomly assigned to one of five groups: control group (psychological comfort), comprehensive group, aroma group, auricular acupuncture group, and music group. The groups were distributed equally (1:1:1:1 ratio), and pain and anxiety scores were assessed at 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-intervention in each group. Outcomes and measures: Compared to the control group, all intervention groups showed lower pain scores. The comprehensive group had the largest reduction in pain scores at 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-intervention. The auricular point, aroma, and music groups also demonstrated significant reductions in pain scores at different time points. Only the comprehensive group had a statistically significant reduction in anxiety at 30 minutes post-intervention compared to the control group. However, at 60 and 120 minutes post-intervention, all intervention groups showed lower anxiety scores compared to the control group. Conclusion: The optimal effects of each therapy varied in terms of timing and duration. Combination therapy showed a greater effect size than single complementary therapy.

Epstein-Barr virus-based prognostic model in nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in lymphoma cells of nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma (NScHL) is controversial. Our aim was to explore this and establish a clinically feasible model for risk stratification. We interrogated data from 542 consecutive subjects with NScHL receiving ABVD therapy and demonstrated EBV-infection in their lymphoma cells with EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) in situ hybridization. Subjects were divided into training and validation datasets. As data from the training dataset suggested EBERs-positivity was the only independent prognostic factor for both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), we developed corresponding prognostic models based on it. Our models showed excellent performance in both training and validation cohort. These data indicate the close association of EBV infection and the outcomes of persons with NScHL receiving ABVD. Additionally, our newly developed models should help physicians estimate prognosis and select individualized therapy.

Efficacy and safety analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy for brain multi-metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is prone to metastasize to the brain, which is difficult for surgery and leads to poor prognosis due to poor chemotherapy efficacy. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for brain multi-metastases. METHODS: In the retrospective study, a total of 51 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain multi-metastases (3-5 metastases) receiving SBRT in the local hospital between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled for analyzing the efficacy and safety of SBRT. The primary endpoints included 1-year local control rate, radiotherapy toxicity, overall survival and progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up for the enrolled patients was 21 months, and the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 82.4% and 45.1%, respectively. Demographic analysis showed no significant differences between SBRT alone and combination with whole brain radiotherapy in clinical characteristics including age, gender and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. The 1-year local control rate was 77.3% (17/22) for SBRT alone, which was comparable to 79.3% (23/29) of combined radiotherapy. Cox proportional hazard regression demonstrated that the prognostic benefit of combining WBRT was not significantly superior to SBRT alone (HR = 0.851, P= 0.263). Their radiotherapy toxicity rate was lower in SBRT alone group (13.6%, vs. 44.8% for combination; P= 0.017). CONCLUSION: The current research suggested that SBRT alone could effectively relieve tumor burden and improve the prognosis and quality of life for NSCLC patients with brain multi-metastases, which should be validated in further prospective clinical trials.

Phage-assisted evolution of compact Cas9 variants targeting a simple NNG PAM.

Compact Cas9 nucleases hold great promise for therapeutic applications. Although several compact Cas9 nucleases have been developed, many genomic loci still could not be edited due to a lack of protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs). We previously developed a compact SlugCas9 recognizing an NNGG PAM. Here we demonstrate that SlugCas9 displays comparable activity to SpCas9. We developed a simple phage-assisted evolution to engineer SlugCas9 for unique PAM requirements. Interestingly, we generated a SlugCas9 variant (SlugCas9-NNG) that could recognize an NNG PAM, expanding the targeting scope. We further developed a SlugCas9-NNG-based adenine base editor and demonstrated that it could be delivered by a single adeno-associated virus to disrupt PCSK9 splice donor and splice acceptor. These genome editors greatly enhance our ability for in vivo genome editing.

Exploring NK-Cell molecules that impact the immune response and microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

NK cells play a role in various cancers, but their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still needs to be explored. All public data are obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. All analysis was performed using specific packages in R software. In our study, we quantified the immune microenvironment of HNSCC through multiple algorithms. Next, we identified NK cell-associated genes by quantifying NK cells, including SSNA1, TRIR, PAXX, DPP7, WDR34, EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1. Then, we explored the single-cell expression pattern of these genes in the HNSCC microenvironment. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1 were related to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Following this, we selected EZR for further analysis. Our results showed that the patients with high EZR expression might have a poor prognosis and worse clinical features. Biological enrichment analysis showed that EZR is associated with many oncogenic pathways and a higher tumour stemness index. Meanwhile, we found that EZR can remodel the immune microenvironment of HNSCC. Moreover, we noticed that EZR could affect the immunotherapy and specific drug sensitivity, making it an underlying clinical target. In summary, our results can improve the understanding of NK cell in HNSCC. Meanwhile, we identified EZR as the underlying clinical target of HNSCC.

Prediction of base editor off-targets by deep learning.

Due to the tolerance of mismatches between gRNA and targeting sequence, base editors frequently induce unwanted Cas9-dependent off-target mutations. Here, to develop models to predict such off-targets, we design gRNA-off- target pairs for adenine base editors (ABEs) and cytosine base editors (CBEs) and stably integrate them into the human cells. After five days of editing, we obtain valid efficiency datasets of 54,663 and 55,727 off-targets for ABEs and CBEs, respectively. We use the datasets to train deep learning models, resulting in ABEdeepoff and CBEdeepoff, which can predict off-target sites. We use these tools to predict off-targets for a panel of endogenous loci and achieve Spearman correlation values varying from 0.710 to 0.859. Finally, we develop an integrated tool that is freely accessible via an online web server http://www.deephf.com/#/bedeep/bedeepoff . These tools could facilitate minimizing the off-target effects of base editing.

Investigation of the oral microbiome of children associated with dental caries: A systematic study.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the variations in dental caries (DC) related microbiome abnormality and metabolomics shift in children. DESIGN: The patients were divided into two groups healthy control (C) and highly affected DC children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Saliva samples were collected and used for the taxonomic and functional characterization of oral microbiota. RESULTS: Metatranscriptomics analysis revealed the alterations and composition of oral microbiota in the C and DC groups. Relative abundance in the C group was associated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Whereas, the microbial composition in the DC group was found to be considerably altered with increases in the abundance of the Proteobacteria (25%), Fusobacteria (15%), and Cyanobacteria (8%) while decreases in the abundance of Firmicutes (10%) and Bacteroidetes (23%). Alterations in the phylum composition were positively and negatively correlated with several metabolites of sugars (such as fructose, sorbose, ribose, allose, and mannose) and amino acids (such as arginine, lysine, tryptophan, and proline). Moreover, in comparison with the C group, the metabolic shift of the DC group was different with an increase in certain tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates levels, and a decrease in fatty acid. Such alterations can enhance the growth of oral pathogens and contribute to DC development. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that an altered abundance of Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Shuttleworthia can serve as biomarkers of DC in children.

Linezolid induced hypoglycemia and anemia: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Linezolid (LZD) is an efficient addition antibiotic against multidrug-resistant strains. However, clinicians should pay attention to the adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia and anemia in using LZD, especially in elderly patients and patients with abnormal liver and kidney function who need to use LZD for a long time. Abstract: Severe hypoglycemia and anemia caused by linezolid (LZD) are rare, with potentially serious adverse effects. The report of LZD-induced hypoglycemia and anemia is extremely rare. Thus far, this is the first report. We presented LZD-induced recurrent hypoglycemia and anemia in a 93-year-old patient who has been prescribed LZD 600 mg once daily for 42 days for treatment of tuberculosis (TB) pleurisy and pneumonia. The patient began to experience recurrent hypoglycemic episodes and anemia 5 days and 2 weeks after LZD medication, respectively. Using Naranjo's Adverse Drug Reaction Assessment Scale, the patient scored 8 points with the category of "probable". His hypoglycemia and anemia gradually improved 1 month after LZD withdrawal. Clinicians should pay attention to the adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia and anemia in using LZD, especially in elderly patients and patients with abnormal liver and kidney function who need to use LZD for a long time. Patients should regularly monitor blood routine, blood glucose, and liver and kidney functions during LZD exposure, which may avoid adverse reactions and improve their prognosis.

Leaf photosynthetic pigment as a predictor of leaf maximum carboxylation rate in a farmland ecosystem.

The leaf maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) is a key parameter of plant photosynthetic capacity. The accurate estimation of Vcmax is crucial for correctly predicting the carbon flux in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Vcmax is correlated with plant traits including leaf nitrogen (Narea) and leaf photosynthetic pigments. Proxies for leaf chlorophyll (Chlarea) and carotenoid contents (Cararea) need to be explored in different ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between leaf maximum rate of carboxylation (scaled to 25°C; Vcmax25) and both leaf Narea and photosynthetic pigments (Chlarea and Cararea) in winter wheat in a farmland ecosystem. Our results showed that Vcmax25 followed the same trends as leaf Chlarea. However, leaf Narea showed smaller dynamic changes before the flowering stage, and there were smaller seasonal variations in leaf Cararea. The correlation between leaf Vcmax25 and leaf Chlarea was the strongest, followed by leaf Cararea and leaf Narea (R2 = 0.69, R2 = 0.47 and R2 = 0.36, respectively). The random forest regression analysis also showed that leaf Chlarea and leaf Cararea were more important than leaf Narea for Vcmax25. The correlation between leaf Vcmax25 and Narea can be weaker since nitrogen allocation is dynamic. The estimation accuracy of the Vcmax25 model based on Narea, Chlarea, and Cararea (R2 = 0.75) was only 0.05 higher than that of the Vcmax25 model based on Chlarea and Cararea (R2 = 0.70). However, the estimation accuracy of the Vcmax25 model based on Chlarea and Cararea (R2 = 0.70) was 0.34 higher than that of the Vcmax25 model based on Narea (R2 = 0.36). These results highlight that leaf photosynthetic pigments can be a predictor for estimating Vcmax25, expanding a new way to estimate spatially continuous Vcmax25 on a regional scale, and to improve model simulation accuracy.

Palliative care and Chinese medicine in a centenarian with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 27-month follow-up: A case report.

The number of centenarians with cancer is increasing as the global population ages. The diagnosis and treatment for centenarians with tumor sometimes are specific, and there are currently less appropriate guidelines as references. We report a 104-year-old man with asymptomatic primary liver cancer (PLC) whose family decided to receive conservative and palliative care. The patient has been followed up for 27 months. He has been mainly received Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), nutritional support and thymalfasin injection intermittently, etc. During the 27-month follow-up, the patient has showed good compliance and tolerance without any complications of the tumor. Conclusion: Individualized palliative care and complementary medicine, based on multidisciplinary evaluation, traditional Chinese medicine, consultation with patients and their families about treatment options, etc., may help improve the life quality of centenarians with end-stage tumors.

Mannose antagonizes GSDME-mediated pyroptosis through AMPK activated by metabolite GlcNAc-6P.

Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death executed by gasdermin family members. However, how gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis is negatively regulated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mannose, a hexose, inhibits GSDME-mediated pyroptosis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Mechanistically, mannose metabolism in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway increases levels of the metabolite N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6P), which binds AMPK to facilitate AMPK phosphorylation by LKB1. Activated AMPK then phosphorylates GSDME at Thr6, which leads to blockade of caspase-3-induced GSDME cleavage, thereby repressing pyroptosis. The regulatory role of AMPK-mediated GSDME phosphorylation was further confirmed in AMPK knockout and GSDMET6E or GSDMET6A knock-in mice. In mouse primary cancer models, mannose administration suppressed pyroptosis in small intestine and kidney to alleviate cisplatin- or oxaliplatin-induced tissue toxicity without impairing antitumor effects. The protective effect of mannose was also verified in a small group of patients with gastrointestinal cancer who received normal chemotherapy. Our study reveals a novel mechanism whereby mannose antagonizes GSDME-mediated pyroptosis through GlcNAc-6P-mediated activation of AMPK, and suggests the utility of mannose supplementation in alleviating chemotherapy-induced side effects in clinic applications.

Differentially private knowledge transfer for federated learning.

Extracting useful knowledge from big data is important for machine learning. When data is privacy-sensitive and cannot be directly collected, federated learning is a promising option that extracts knowledge from decentralized data by learning and exchanging model parameters, rather than raw data. However, model parameters may encode not only non-private knowledge but also private information of local data, thereby transferring knowledge via model parameters is not privacy-secure. Here, we present a knowledge transfer method named PrivateKT, which uses actively selected small public data to transfer high-quality knowledge in federated learning with privacy guarantees. We verify PrivateKT on three different datasets, and results show that PrivateKT can maximally reduce 84% of the performance gap between centralized learning and existing federated learning methods under strict differential privacy restrictions. PrivateKT provides a potential direction to effective and privacy-preserving knowledge transfer in machine intelligent systems.

An enriched environment improves maternal sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and synaptic plasticity via hippocampal histone acetylation.

INTRODUCTION: Growing evidence clearly demonstrates that maternal rodents exposure to sleep deprivation (SD) during late pregnancy impairs learning and memory in their offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly histone acetylation, are known to be involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. We hypothesize that the cognitive decline induced by SD during late pregnancy is associated with histone acetylation dysfunction, and this effect could be reversed by an enriched environment (EE). METHODS: In the present study, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to SD during the third trimester of pregnancy. After weaning, all offspring were randomly assigned to two subgroups in either a standard environment or an EE. When offspring were 3 months old, the Morris water maze was used to evaluate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory ability. Molecular biological techniques, including western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were used to examine the histone acetylation pathway and synaptic plasticity markers in the hippocampus of offspring. RESULTS: The results showed that the following were all reversed by EE treatment: maternal SD (MSD)-induced cognitive deficits including spatial learning and memory; histone acetylation dysfunction including increased histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and decreased histone acetyltransferase (CBP), and the acetylation levels of H3K9 and H4K12; synaptic plasticity dysfunction including decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor; and postsynaptic density protein-95. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that MSD could damage learning ability and memory in offspring via the histone acetylation pathway. This effect could be reversed by EE treatment.

The Ordered Mesoporous Barium Ferrite Compounded with Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Microwave Absorption Materials.

Nanocomposites with hierarchical pore structure hold great potentials for applications in the field of microwave-absorbing materials because of their lightweight and high-efficiency absorption properties. Herein, M-type barium ferrite (BaM) with ordered mesoporous structure (M-BaM) is prepared via a sol-gel process enhanced by mixed anionic and cationic surfactants. The surface area of M-BaM is enhanced almost ten times compared with BaM together with 40% reflection loss enhancing. Then M-BaM compounded with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (MBG) is synthesized via hydrothermal reaction in which the reduction and nitrogen doping of graphene oxide (GO) in situ occur simultaneously. Interestingly, the mesoporous structure is able to provide opportunity for reductant to enter the bulk M-BaM reducing its Fe3+ to Fe2+ and further forms Fe3 O4 . It requires an optimal balance among the remained mesopores in MBG, formed Fe3 O4 , and CN in nitrogen-doped graphene (N-RGO) for optimizing impedance matching and greatly increasing multiple reflections/interfacial polarization. MBG-2 (GO:M-BaM = 1:10) achieves the minimum reflection loss of -62.6 dB with an effective bandwidth of 4.2 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.4 mm. In addition, the marriage of mesoporous structure of M-BaM and light mass of graphene reduces the density of MBG.