Prediction of Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) By Intraoperative Frozen Section for Patients with cT1N0M0 Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Multi-Center Observational Study (ECTOP-1016).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of intraoperative assessment of spread through air spaces (STAS) on frozen sections (FS) in peripheral small-sized lung adenocarcinoma. BACKGROUND: Surgical decision-making based on FS diagnosis of STAS may be useful to prevent local control failure after sublobar resection. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of consecutive patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma to evaluate the accuracy of FS for the intraoperative detection of STAS. The final pathology (FP) diagnosis of STAS was based on corresponding permanent paraffin sections. RESULTS: This study included 878 patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 833 cases (95%) were assessable for STAS on FS. 26.4% of the cases evaluated positive for STAS on FP, whereas 18.2% on FS. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FS diagnosis of STAS were 85.1%, 56.4%, and 95.4%, respectively, with moderate agreement (κ=0.575). Inter-observer agreement was substantial (κ=0.756) among the three pathologists. Subgroup analysis based on tumor size or consolidation-to-tumor ratio all showed moderate agreement for concordance. After rigorous reassessment of false-positive cases, the presence of artifacts may be the main cause of interpretation errors. Additionally, true positive cases showed more high-grade histological patterns and more advanced p-TNM stages than false negative cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest prospective observational study to evaluate STAS on FS in patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. FS is highly specific with moderate agreement, but is not sensitive for STAS detection. While appropriately reporting STAS on FS may provide surgeons with valuable information for intraoperative decision-making, better approaches are needed.

Visceral adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicle miR-27a-5p elicits glucose intolerance by inhibiting pancreatic ß-cell insulin secretion.

Pancreatic ß-cell dysfunction caused by obesity can be associated with alterations in the levels of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of miRNAs in such processes remains elusive. Here, we show that pancreatic islet miR-27a-5p, which is markedly increased in obese mice and impairs insulin secretion, is mainly delivered by visceral adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depleting miR-27a-5p significantly improves insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in db/db mice. Supporting the function of EVs' miR-27a-5p as a key pathogenic factor, intravenous injection of miR-27a-5p-containing EVs shows their distribution in mouse pancreatic islets. Tracing the injected AAV-miR-27a-5p (AAV-miR-27a) or AAV-FABP4-miR-27a-5p (AAV-FABP4-miR-27a) in visceral fat results in upregulating miR-27a-5p in EVs and serum, and elicits mouse pancreatic ß-cell dysfunction. Mechanistically, miR-27a-5p directly targets L-type Ca2+ channel subtype CaV1.2 (Cacna1c) and reduces insulin secretion in ß-cells. Overexpressing mouse CaV1.2 largely abolishes the insulin secretion injury induced by miR-27a-5p. These findings reveal a causative role of EVs' miR-27a-5p in visceral adipocyte-mediated pancreatic ß-cell dysfunction in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Opioid-free anesthesia with esketamine-dexmedetomidine versus opioid-based anesthesia with propofol-remifentanil in shoulder arthroscopy: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: OFA (Opioid-free anesthesia) has the potential to reduce the occurrence of opioid-related adverse events and enhance postoperative recovery. Our research aimed to investigate whether OFA, combining esketamine and dexmedetomidine, could serve as an alternative protocol to traditional OBA (opioid-based anesthesia) in shoulder arthroscopy, particularly in terms of reducing PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting). METHODS: A total of 60 patients treated with shoulder arthroscopy from September 2021 to September 2022 were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned to the OBA group (n = 30) and OFA group (n = 30), receiving propofol-remifentanil TIVA (total intravenous anesthesia) and esketamine-dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia, respectively. Both groups received ultrasound-guided ISBPB(interscalene brachial plexus block)for postoperative analgesia. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV on the first postoperative day in the ward (13.3% vs. 40%, P < 0.05) was significantly lower in the OFA group than in the OBA group. Moreover, the severity of PONV was less severe in the OFA group than in the OBA group in PACU (post-anesthesia care unit) (0 [0, 0] vs. 0 [0, 3], P<0.05 ) and in the ward 24 h postoperatively ( 0 [0, 0] vs. 0 [0, 2.25], P<0.05). Additionally, the OFA group experienced a significantly shorter length of stay in the PACU compared to the OBA group (39.4 ± 6.76 min vs. 48.7 ± 7.90 min, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the OBA with propofol-remifentanil, the OFA with esketamine- dexmedetomidine proved to be feasible for shoulder arthroscopy, resulting in a reduced incidence of PONV and a shorter duration of stay in the PACU. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No: ChiCTR2100047355), 12/06/2021.

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) sensing: A focus on representatively sampling soil vadose zones linked to nano-sensors.

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of organo-fluorine compounds that have been broadly used in consumer and industrial products spanning virtually all sectors. They can be found as surfactants, coatings and liners, polymer additives, fire retardants, adhesives, and many more. The chemical stability of the carbon fluorine bond and amphiphilic nature of PFAS result in their persistence and mobility in the environment via soil porewater, surface water and groundwater, with potential for adverse effects on the environment and human health. There is an emergent and increasing requirement for fast, low-cost, robust, and portable methods to detect PFAS, especially in the field. There may be thousands of PFAS compounds present in soil and water at extremely low concentration (0.01-250 ppb) that require measurement, and traditional technologies for continuous environmental sensing are challenged due to the complexity of soil chemistry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of potentially rapid PFAS measurement methods, focused on techniques for representative sampling of PFAS in porewater from contaminated soil, and approaches for pre-treatment of porewater samples to eliminate these interferences to be ready for PFAS-detecting sensors. The review discusses selectivity, a key factor underlying pre-treatment and sensing performance, and explores the interactions between PFAS and various sensors. PFAS chemical nano-sensors discussed are categorized in terms of the detection mechanism (electrochemical and optical). This review aims to provide guidance and outline the current challenges and implications for future routine PFAS sensing linked to soil porewater collection, to achieve more selective and effective PFAS sensors.

WTAP and METTL14 regulate the m6A modification of DKK3 in renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important cause of death in diabetes patients, which is mainly due to its complex pathogenesis. Here, we explored the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in DN development. Renal tubular epithelial cells from DN patients and experimental DN mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) exhibited a considerable increase in METTL14 and WTAP expression as well as overall m6A methylation. Knocking down the expression of METTL14 and WTAP inhibited the migration and proliferation of tubular epithelial cells. MeRIP-seq analysis of the renal tissues of DN patients revealed that the genes with elevated m6A methylation were concentrated in the Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway. Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3) was screened out as the gene with the most significant increase in m6A methylation. In addition, the expression change pattern of DKK3 under DN circumstances is in line with those of METTL14 and WTAP. DKK3's m6A methylation sites were confirmed to be located in the 3'UTR region, which is how METTL14 and WTAP improved DKK3's mRNA stability. Finally, YTHDF1, a m6A reader, was demonstrated to recognize m6A-methylated DKK3 and promote DKK3 expression.

Systemic lidocaine versus erector spinae plane block for improving quality of recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare intravenous lidocaine, ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB), and placebo on the quality of recovery and analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: A prospective, triple-arm, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial. SETTING: A single tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS: 126 adults aged 18-65 years undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: intravenous lidocaine infusion (1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/h) plus bilateral ESPB with saline (25 mL per side); bilateral ESPB with 0.25% ropivacaine (25 ml per side) plus placebo infusion; or bilateral ESPB with saline (25 ml per side) plus placebo infusion. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the 24-h postoperative Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score. The non-inferiority of lidocaine versus ESPB was assessed with a margin of -6 points and 97.5% confidence interval (CI). Secondary outcomes included 24-h area under the curve (AUC) for pain scores, morphine consumption, and adverse events. MAIN RESULTS: 124 patients completed the study. Median (IQR) 24-h QoR-15 scores were 123 (117-127) for lidocaine, 124 (119-126) for ESPB, and 112 (108-117) for placebo. Lidocaine was non-inferior to ESPB (median difference  -1, 97.5% CI: -4 to ∞). Both lidocaine (median difference 9, 95% CI: 6-12, P < 0.001) and ESPB (median difference 10, 95% CI: 7-13, P < 0.001) were superior to placebo. AUC for pain scores and morphine use were lower with lidocaine and ESPB versus placebo (P < 0.001 for all), with no significant differences between lidocaine and ESPB. One ESPB patient reported a transient metallic taste; no other block-related complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: For patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, intravenous lidocaine provides a non-inferior quality of recovery compared to ESPB without requiring specialized regional anesthesia procedures. Lidocaine may offer a practical and accessible alternative within multimodal analgesia pathways.

[Seasonal changes of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities during tropical forest restoration]. / 热带森林恢复过程中氨氧化细菌群落的季节变化.

In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing technology to survey the dry-wet seasonal change characteristics of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in the three restoration stages [i.e., Mallotus paniculatus community (early stage), Millettia leptobotrya community (middle stage), and Syzygium oblatum community (later stage)] of Xishuangbanna tropical forest ecosystems. We analyzed the effects of soil physicochemical characteristics on AOB community composition and diversity during tropical forest restoration. The results showed that tropical forest restoration significantly affected the relative abundance of dominant AOB phyla and their dry-wet seasonal variation. The maximum relative abundance of Proteobacteria (71.3%) was found in the early recovery stage, while that of Actinobacteria was found in the late recovery stage (1.0%). The abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had the maximum ranges of dry-wet seasonal variation in the early and late stages, respectively. The abundance of dominant AOB genera and its dry-wet seasonal variation varied across tropical forest restoration stages. The maximum average relative abundance of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas in the late recovery stage was 66.2% and 1.5%, respectively. In contrast, the abundance of Nitrosovibrio reached its maximum (25.6%) in the early recovery stage. The maximum dry-wet seasonal variation in relative abundance of Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas occurred in the early recovery stage, while that of Nitrosovibrio occurred in the middle recovery stage. The Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson diversity indices of AOB communities increased along the restoration stages, which were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil easily oxidized carbon was the main factor controlling AOB community diversity and Actinobacteria abundance. Soil bulk density and temperature were the main factors affecting Proteobacteria abundance. Soil pH, microbial biomass carbon, water content, ammonium nitrogen, bulk density, and temperature were the main factors controlling the abundances of Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrosovibrio. Therefore, tropical forest restoration can regulate the change of relative abundance of dominant AOB taxa via mediating the changes of soil temperature, bulk density, and readily oxidized carbon, leading to an increase in soil AOB community diversity.

Prediction of the pathological subtypes by intraoperative frozen section for patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma (ECTOP-1015): a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the intraoperative frozen section (FS) in determining the pathological subtypes among patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter (seven centers in China) clinical trial of Eastern Cooperative Thoracic Oncology Projects (ECTOP-1015). Patients with cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the study. Pathological images obtained from FS and final pathology (FP) were reviewed by at least two pathologists. The primary endpoint was the concordance between FS and FP diagnoses. The interobserver agreement for identifying pathological subtypes on FS was evaluated among three pathologists. RESULTS: A total of 935 patients were enrolled. The best sensitivity of diagnosing the predominant subtype was 78.2% in the evaluation of the acinar pattern. The presence of an acinar pattern diagnosed by FS was an independent factor for the concordance between FS and FP ( P =0.007, 95% confidence interval: 2.332-4.736). Patients with tumor size >2 cm measured by pathology showed a better concordance rate for the predominant subtype (81.6% vs. 74.6%, P =0.023). The presence of radiological ground glass opacity component did not affect the diagnosis accuracy of FS for the predominant subtype (concordance rate: 76.4% vs. 75.2%, P =0.687). Patients with ground glass opacity component showed better accuracy of the identification in the presence of lepidic pattern-predominant adenocarcinoma (82.1% vs. 71.0%, P =0.026). Substantial agreement between the FS diagnosis from three pathologists for the predominant pathological pattern was revealed with κ=0.846. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest prospective trial evaluating FS diagnosing pathological subtype in cT1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. A favorable concordance in the assessment of the pathological subtypes between FS and FP was observed, indicating the feasibility of utilizing accurate intraoperative pathological diagnoses from FS in guiding surgical strategies. A combination of radiology could improve the precision of FS.

Complete spatially resolved gene expression is not necessary for identifying spatial domains.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies have revolutionized the study of tissue organization. We introduce a graph convolutional network with an attention and positive emphasis mechanism, termed BINARY, relying exclusively on binarized SRT data to accurately delineate spatial domains. BINARY outperforms existing methods across various SRT data types while using significantly less input information. Our study suggests that precise gene expression quantification may not always be essential, inspiring further exploration of the broader applications of spatially resolved binarized gene expression data.

Podocyte SIRPα reduction aggravates lupus nephritis via promoting T cell inflammatory responses.

Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) has recently been found to be highly expressed in podocytes and is essential for maintaining podocyte function. However, its immunoregulatory function in podocytes remains elusive. Here, we report that SIRPα controls podocyte antigen presentation in specific T cell activation via inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) phosphorylation. First, podocyte SIRPα under lupus nephritis (LN) conditions is strongly downregulated. Second, podocyte-specific deletion of SIRPα exacerbates renal disease progression in lupus-prone mice, as evidenced by an increase in T cell infiltration. Third, SIRPα deletion or knockdown enhances podocyte antigen presentation, which activates specific T cells, via enhancing Syk phosphorylation. Supporting this, Syk inhibitor GS-9973 prevents podocyte antigen presentation, resulting in a decrease of T cell activation and mitigation of renal disease caused by SIRPα knockdown or deletion. Our findings reveal an immunoregulatory role of SIRPα loss in promoting podocyte antigen presentation to activate specific T cell immune responses in LN.

Typical and extreme weather datasets for studying the resilience of buildings to climate change and heatwaves.

We present unprecedented datasets of current and future projected weather files for building simulations in 15 major cities distributed across 10 climate zones worldwide. The datasets include ambient air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, direct and diffuse solar irradiance, and wind speed at hourly resolution, which are essential climate elements needed to undertake building simulations. The datasets contain typical and extreme weather years in the EnergyPlus weather file (EPW) format and multiyear projections in comma-separated value (CSV) format for three periods: historical (2001-2020), future mid-term (2041-2060), and future long-term (2081-2100). The datasets were generated from projections of one regional climate model, which were bias-corrected using multiyear observational data for each city. The methodology used makes the datasets among the first to incorporate complex changes in the future climate for the frequency, duration, and magnitude of extreme temperatures. These datasets, created within the IEA EBC Annex 80 "Resilient Cooling for Buildings", are ready to be used for different types of building adaptation and resilience studies to climate change and heatwaves.

Macrophage heterogeneity in bone metastasis.

Previous studies illustrated that macrophage, a type of innate immune cell, plays critical roles in tumour progression and metastasis. Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis for several cancer types including breast, prostate, and lung. In bone metastasis, osteoclast, a macrophage subset specialized in bone resorption, was heavily investigated in the past. Recent studies illustrated that other macrophage subsets, e.g. monocyte-derived macrophages, and bone resident macrophages, promoted bone metastasis independent of osteoclast function. These novel mechanisms further improved our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in the context of bone metastasis and illustrated new opportunities for future studies.

[Adsorption Performance and Mechanism of Oxytetracycline in Water by KOH Modified Biochar Derived from Corn Straw].

The pollution control of tetracycline antibiotics in the environment has become a hot topic, and biochar adsorption has become an important technology to remove organic pollutants. Pyrolytic biochars (BC400, BC500, and BC600) were prepared from corn straw and then were modified by KOH to obtain KBC400, KBC500, and KBC600. Among them, KBC400 was selected for secondary pyrolysis activation at 400-600℃ to obtain AKBC400, AKBC500, and AKBC600. The structure characteristics and surface properties of AKBC were also characterized. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) in the solution by AKBC were investigated using batch experiments. Compared to that of BC400, the specific surface area and pore structure of AKBC were significantly improved, and the aromaticity was also enhanced, resulting in the notable enhancement of the adsorption capacities for OTC. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model could better fit the adsorption process, and AKBC500 had the largest adsorption rate constant and capacity. Both the intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion were the rate-limiting steps. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models could fit the adsorption isotherms perfectly. The adsorption of OTC on AKBC was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-increasing process by both physisorption and chemisorption. The pH values in the range of 3.0-7.0 were favorable for the adsorption of OTC by AKBC. The adsorption capacity decreased with the humic acid concentration over 10 mg·L-1. The adsorption mechanism of OTC by AKBC involved pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π conjugation, cation-π bond, and strong electrostatic effect. AKBC still had good reusability for OTC removal after five times of regeneration. The obtained AKBC is a potential adsorbent for OTC removal from water due to the good pore structure, high adsorption capacity, and stable adsorption effect.

Influence of different baking temperatures of red kojic rice on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and functional components of red starter wine.

BACKGROUND: To improve the quality of red starter wine, this study explored the effects of baking red kojic rice at varying temperatures on the physicochemical characteristics of red starter wine. Baking was predicated on understanding crucial enzyme activities and starch granule structure of red kojic rice at 75, 95, and 105 °C, leading to the production of three red starter wine variants (BHQW1, BHQW2, and BHQW3). RESULTS: The results revealed an increased alcohol (increase 0.50%), total sugar (increase 0.14 g L-1 ), and total acid (increase 0.54 g L-1 ) content in red starter wine fermented using baked red kojic rice compared with the control group (wine fermented with unbaked rice, HQW). Furthermore, both the 105 °C baked red kojic rice and its resulting BHQW3 demonstrated significantly higher red color values than HQW (increase 2.03 U g-1 and 0.15 U mL-1 respectively). The highest lovastatin content was presented in red kojic rice baked at 105 °C and its corresponding fermented wine (1420.63 ± 507.9 µg g-1 and 3368.87 ± 228.16 µg L-1 respectively). Additionally, BHQW groups displayed higher total flavonoids and phenols content than HQW. Regarding antioxidant capacity, all BHQW groups showed stronger overall antioxidant capacity than HQW. The determination of volatile components revealed the highest content of volatile compounds in BHQW2 (2621.19 ± 548.24 µg L-1 ) and significantly higher volatile esters in BHQW1 (254.46 ± 16.63 µg L-1 ). Moreover, 16 volatile compounds were identified only in BHQW groups, including isoamyl caprylate, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, and benzaldehyde. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that the baking technique of red kojic rice could enhance the quality of red starter wine through enhancing antioxidant properties, increasing functional components, and enriching volatile flavor compounds, thus providing a foundation for new techniques in red starter wine production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Radiologic Identification of Pathologic Tumor Invasion in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Importance: It is currently unclear whether high-resolution computed tomography can preoperatively identify pathologic tumor invasion for ground-glass opacity lung adenocarcinoma. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of high-resolution computed tomography for identifying pathologic tumor invasion for ground-glass opacity featured lung tumors. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective, multicenter diagnostic study enrolled patients with suspicious malignant ground-glass opacity nodules less than or equal to 30 mm from November 2019 to July 2021. Thoracic high-resolution computed tomography was performed, and pathologic tumor invasion (invasive adenocarcinoma vs adenocarcinoma in situ or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma) was estimated before surgery. Pathologic nonadenocarcinoma, benign diseases, or those without surgery were excluded from analyses; 673 patients were recruited, and 620 patients were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2021 to January 2022. Exposure: Patients were grouped according to pathologic tumor invasion. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary end point was diagnostic yield for pathologic tumor invasion. Secondary end point was diagnostic value of radiologic parameters. Results: Among 620 patients (442 [71.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 53.5 [12.0] years) with 622 nodules, 287 (46.1%) pure ground-glass opacity nodules and 335 (53.9%) part-solid nodules were analyzed. The median (range) size of nodules was 12.1 (3.8-30.0) mm; 47 adenocarcinomas in situ, 342 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas, and 233 invasive adenocarcinomas were confirmed. Overall, diagnostic accuracy was 83.0% (516 of 622; 95% CI, 79.8%-85.8%), diagnostic sensitivity was 82.4% (192 of 233; 95% CI, 76.9%-87.1%), and diagnostic specificity was 83.3% (324 of 389; 95% CI, 79.2%-86.9%). For tumors less than or equal to 10 mm, 3.6% (8 of 224) were diagnosed as invasive adenocarcinomas. The diagnostic accuracy was 96.0% (215 of 224; 95% CI, 92.5%-98.1%), diagnostic specificity was 97.2% (210 of 216; 95% CI, 94.1%-99.0%); for tumors greater than 20 mm, 6.9% (6 of 87) were diagnosed as adenocarcinomas in situ or minimally invasive adenocarcinomas. The diagnostic accuracy was 93.1% (81 of 87; 95% CI, 85.6%-97.4%) and diagnostic sensitivity was 97.5% (79 of 81; 95% CI, 91.4%-99.7%). For tumors between 10 to 20 mm, the diagnostic accuracy was 70.7% (220 of 311; 95% CI, 65.3%-75.7%), diagnostic sensitivity was 75.0% (108 of 144; 95% CI, 67.1%-81.8%), and diagnostic specificity was 67.1% (112 of 167; 95% CI, 59.4%-74.1%). Tumor size (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.18-1.39) and solid component size (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22-1.42) could each independently serve as identifiers of pathologic invasive adenocarcinoma. When the cutoff value of solid component size was 6 mm, the diagnostic sensitivity was 84.6% (95% CI, 78.8%-89.4%) and specificity was 82.9% (95% CI, 75.6%-88.7%). Conclusions and relevance: In this diagnostic study, radiologic analysis showed good performance in identifying pathologic tumor invasion for ground-glass opacity-featured lung adenocarcinoma, especially for tumors less than or equal to 10 mm and greater than 20 mm; these results suggest that a solid component size of 6 mm could be clinically applied to distinguish pathologic tumor invasion.

Comparison on the Effect and Complications of VATS and Radical Thoracotomy for Lung Cancer in the Treatment of Stages IIB-IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: Lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) is a common subtype of lung cancer, and its prevalence has gradually increased in recent years. There are various treatment methods for NSCLC, and surgical resection, as one of the important treatments, is crucial to improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients. To explore the effect and complications of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and radical thoracotomy for lung cancer (RTLC) in the treatment of stages IIB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 80 patients with NSCLC admitted to the hospital were enrolled between June 2019 and January 2021. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the VATS group (40 cases, VATS) and RTLC group (40 cases, RTLC). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, number of lymph node dissections, score of visual analogue scale (VAS) at 24 h after surgery, and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups. We chose specific inclusion criteria, including patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who did not receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy before surgery, to ensure consistency and comparability across studies. We focused on indicators related to lung function and immune system, such as CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ levels, as well as FEV1, FVC and MVV, to evaluate the impact of surgery on lung function and immune status. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in both groups were detected by flow cytometry at 1 d before surgery and 3 d after surgery. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in both groups were detected by spirometry before and at 1 month after surgery. The occurrence of postoperative complications in both groups was recorded. After 12 months of follow-up, survival rates in both groups were statistically analyzed. The progression-free survival (PFS) and 12-month overall survival (OS) in both groups were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, VAS score at 24 h after surgery, and hospitalization time in VATS group were significantly lower than those in RTLC group (P < .05). The two groups had no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissections (P > .05). At 3 d after surgery, levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in VATS group were significantly higher than those in RTLC group (P < .05). At 1 month after surgery, FEV1, FVC, and MVV in VATS group operation were significantly higher than those in RTLC group (P < .05). The incidence of postoperative complications in VATS group was lower than that in RTLC group (5.00% vs. 20.00%) (P < .05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 12-month OS or PFS between the two groups (P > .05). Conclusions: The long-term curative effect of VATS and RTLC is comparable on patients with stages IIB-IIIA NSCLC. The former has advantages such as less surgical injury, faster postoperative recovery, and higher safety, which can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. This study provides clinicians with important information about the treatment of stage IIb ~ IIIa NSCLC and helps them choose surgical methods more wisely. These results also alert physicians to focus on operative time, blood loss, and complication risk to maximize patient outcomes.

Strong metal oxide-support interaction in MoO2/N-doped MCNTs heterostructure for boosting lithium storage performance.

The low-rate capability and fast capacity decaying of the molybdenum dioxide anode material have been a bottleneck for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to low carrier transport, drastic volume expansion and inferior reversibility. Furthermore, the lithium-storage mechanism is still controversial at present. Herein, we fabricate a new kind of MoO2 nanoparticles with nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MoO2/N-MCNTs) as anode for LIBs. The strong chemical bonding (MoOC) endows MoO2/N-MCNTs a strong metal oxide-support interaction (SMSI), rendering electron/ion transfer and facilitate significant Li+ intercalation pseudocapacitance, which is evidenced by both theoretical computation and detailed experiments. Thus, the MoO2/N-MCNTs exhibits high-rate performance (523.7 mAh/g at 3000 mA g-1) and long durability (507.8 mAh/g at 1000 mA g-1 after 500 cycles). Furthermore, pouch-type full cell composed of MoO2/N-MCNTs anodes and commercial LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathodes demonstrate impressive rate performance and cyclic life, which displays an unparalleled energy density of 553.0 Wh kg-1. Ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicates the enhanced lithium-storage mechanism is originated from a partially irreversible phase transition from Li0.98MoO2 to Li2MoO4 via delithiation. This work not only provides fresh insights into the enhanced lithium-storage mechanism but also proposes new design principles toward efficient LIBs.

AR activates YAP/TAZ differentially in prostate cancer.

The Hippo signalling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and cancer. The transcriptional coregulators of the Hippo pathway, YAP and TAZ, are central in various cancers. However, how YAP and TAZ get activated in most types of cancers is not well understood. Here, we show that androgens activate YAP/TAZ via the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa), and that this activation is differential. AR regulates YAP translation while inducing transcription of the TAZ encoding gene, WWTR1 Furthermore, we show that AR-mediated YAP/TAZ activation is regulated by the RhoA GTPases transcriptional mediator, serum response factor (SRF). Importantly, in prostate cancer patients, SRF expression positively correlates with TAZ and the YAP/TAZ target genes CYR61 and CTGF We demonstrate that YAP/TAZ are not essential for sustaining AR activity, however, targeting YAP/TAZ or SRF sensitize PCa cells to AR inhibition in anchorage-independent growth conditions. Our findings dissect the cellular roles of YAP, TAZ, and SRF in prostate cancer cells. Our data emphasize the interplay between these transcriptional regulators and their roles in prostate tumorigenesis and highlight how these insights might be exploited therapeutically.