RESUMEN
Morphine, one of the most efficacious analgesics, is effective in severe pain, especially in patients with concomitant painful cancers. The clinical use of morphine may be accompanied by increased immunosuppression, susceptibility to infection and postoperative tumor metastatic recurrence, and the specific mechanisms and clinical strategies to alleviate this suppression remain to be investigated. Expression of CD11b is closely associated with the macrophage phagocytosis of xenobiotic particles, bacteria or tumor cells. Here, we find that morphine at 0.1-10 nM levels inhibited CD11b expression and function on macrophages via a µ-opioid receptor (MOR)-dependent mechanism, thereby reducing macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells, a process that can be reversed by thymopentin (TP5), a commonly used immune-enhancing adjuvant in clinical practice. By knocking down or overexpressing MOR on macrophages and using naloxone, an antagonist of the MOR receptor, and LA1, a molecule that promotes macrophage CD11b activation, we suggest that morphine may regulate macrophage phagocytosis by inhibiting the surface expression and function of macrophage CD11b through the membrane expression and activation of MOR. The CD47/SIRPα axis, which is engaged in macrophage-tumor immune escape, was not significantly affected by morphine. Notably, TP5, when combined with morphine, reversed the inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis by morphine through mechanisms that promote membrane expression of CD11b and modulate its downstream signaling (e.g., NOS2, IFNG, IL1B and TNFA, as well as AGR1, PDGFB, IL6, STAT3, and MYC). Thus, altered membrane expression and function of CD11b may mediate the inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis by therapeutic doses of morphine, and the reversal of this process by TP5 may provide an effective palliative option for clinical immunosuppression by morphine.
RESUMEN
Polyamide fiber has the requirements for antioxidant and antibacterial properties when applied to produce functional textiles for heath care purposes. In this work, three natural flavonoids (baicalin, quercetin, and rutin) were used to simultaneously impart antioxidant and antibacterial functions to polyamide fiber using an adsorption technology. The relations of the chemical structures of flavonoids with their adsorption capability, adsorption mechanisms, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities were discussed. The Langmuir-Nernst adsorption model fitted the adsorption isotherms of the three flavonoids well. The adsorption kinetics of the three flavonoids conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Quercetin exhibited the highest affinity and adsorption capability, and imparted the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities to polyamide fiber; and moreover, its antioxidant and antibacterial functions had good washing durability. This study demonstrates that the treatment using natural flavonoids is an effective way to exhance the health care functions of polyamide fiber.
RESUMEN
Natural bioactive compounds have received increasing attention in the functional modification of textiles. In this work, tannic acid was used to impart antibacterial and antioxidant functions to silk using an adsorption technique, and the adsorption properties of tannic acid on silk were studied. The adsorption quantity of tannic acid on silk increased with decreasing pH in the range of 3-7. The rates of the uptake of tannic acid by silk were well correlated to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the calculated activation energy of adsorption was 93.49 kJ/mol. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model. The adsorption rate and isotherm studies demonstrated that the chemical adsorption of tannic acid on silk occurred through the ion-ion interaction between tannic acid and silk. Tannic acid displayed good building-up properties on silk. The silk fabric treated with 0.5% tannic acid (relative to fabric weight) exhibited excellent and durable antibacterial properties. Moreover, the silk fabrics treated with 2% and 5% tannic acid had good and durable antioxidant properties. The treatment by tannic acid had less impact on the whiteness of the silk fabric. In summary, tannic acid can be used as a functional agent for preparing healthy and hygienic silk materials.
