Study of CHF3/CH2F2 Adsorption Separation in TIFSIX-2-Cu-i.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have important applications in different industries; however, they are environmentally unfriendly due to their high global warming potential (GWP). Hence, reclamation of used hydrofluorocarbons via energy-efficient adsorption-based separation will greatly contribute to reducing their impact on the environment. In particular, the separation of azeotropic refrigerants remains challenging, such as typical mixtures of CH2F2 (HFC-23) and CHF3 (HFC-32), due to a lack of adsorptive mechanisms. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide a promising solution for the separation of CHF3-CH2F2 mixtures. In this study, the adsorption mechanism of CHF3-CH2F2 mixtures in TIFSIX-2-Cu-i was revealed at the microscopic level by combining static pure-component adsorption experiments, molecular simulations, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption separation selectivity of CH2F2/CHF3 in TIFSIX-2-Cu-i is 3.17 at 3 bar under 308 K. The existence of similar TiF62- binding sites for CH2F2 or CHF3 was revealed in TIFSIX-2-Cu-i. Interactions between the fluorine atom of the framework and the hydrogen atom of the guest molecule were found to be responsible for determining the high adsorption separation selectivity of CH2F2/CHF3. This exploration is important for the design of highly selective adsorbents for the separation of azeotropic refrigerants.

Radical Addition-Enabled C-C σ-Bond Cleavage/Reconstruction to Access Functional Indanones: Total Synthesis of Carexane L.

C-C σ-bond cleavage and reconstruction is a significant tool for structural modification in synthetic chemistry but it remains a formidable challenge to perform on unstrained skeletons. Herein, we describe a radical addition-enabled C-C σ-bond cleavage/reconstruction reaction of unstrained allyl ketones to access various functional indanones bearing a benzylic quaternary center. The synthetic utility of this method has been showcased by the first total synthesis of carexane L, an indanone-based natural product.

Effects of amyloid ß (Aß)42 and Gasdermin D on the progression of Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo through the regulation of astrocyte pyroptosis.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate whether astrocyte pyroptosis, and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response that exerts amyloid ß (Aß) neurotoxic effects, has an effect on endothelial cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: In vivo, 5 µL of disease venom was injected into the lateral ventricle of APP/PS1 mice for treatment. Pyroptosis was induced by treating astrocytes with Aß42 in vitro. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence caspase-1 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) mRNA expression. Cell viability was determined using a CCK-8 detection kit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect cell pyroptosis. The degree of pathological damage to the brain and aortic tissue was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Aß42 induced astrocyte pyroptosis dependent on the GSDMD/Gasdermin E (GSDME)/Caspase 11/NLRP3 pathway, releasing large amounts of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1ß, and IL-18. Astrocyte pyroptosis caused endothelial cell dysfunction and release of large amounts of vasoconstrictors (ET and vWF). Knockdown of GSDMD reduced astrocyte pyroptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal tissue, decreased the release of inflammatory factors IL-1 ß and IL-18, reduced Aß deposition and tau protein, increased the release of peripheral vasodilator substances (eNOS), and decreased the release of vasoconstrictor substances (ET, vWF), thereby reducing brain tissue damage and vascular injury in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION: Aß42 induced astrocyte pyroptosis, while GSDMD knockout inhibited astrocyte pyroptosis, reduced the release of inflammatory factors, and alleviated brain tissue damage and vascular damage in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, GSDMD is a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate whether astrocyte pyroptosis, and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response that exerts amyloid ß (Aß) neurotoxic effects, has an effect on endothelial cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: In vivo, 5 µL of disease venom was injected into the lateral ventricle of APP/PS1 mice for treatment. Pyroptosis was induced by treating astrocytes with Aß42 in vitro. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence caspase-1 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) mRNA expression. Cell viability was determined using a CCK-8 detection kit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect cell pyroptosis. The degree of pathological damage to the brain and aortic tissue was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Aß42 induced astrocyte pyroptosis dependent on the GSDMD/Gasdermin E (GSDME)/Caspase 11/NLRP3 pathway, releasing large amounts of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1ß, and IL-18. Astrocyte pyroptosis caused endothelial cell dysfunction and release of large amounts of vasoconstrictors (ET and vWF). Knockdown of GSDMD reduced astrocyte pyroptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal tissue, decreased the release of inflammatory factors IL-1 ß and IL-18, reduced Aß deposition and tau protein, increased the release of peripheral vasodilator substances (eNOS), and decreased the release of vasoconstrictor substances (ET, vWF), thereby reducing brain tissue damage and vascular injury in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION: Aß42 induced astrocyte pyroptosis, while GSDMD knockout inhibited astrocyte pyroptosis, reduced the release of inflammatory factors, and alleviated brain tissue damage and vascular damage in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, GSDMD is a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

Usefulness of candidate mRNAs and miRNAs as biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To explore potential molecular mechanisms and novel biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: The mRNA expression datasets GSE63060 and GSE63061 and the miRNA expression dataset GSE120584 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNA (DEmiRs) were identified in the normal, MCI, and AD groups. Mfuzz clustering and weighted correlation network analyses (WGCNA) were conducted, followed by pathway and functional enrichment analyses and miRNA-mRNA network construction. Furthermore, phenotypic correlation analysis and experimental verification were performed on key DEGs and DEmiRs. RESULTS: In total, 3,000 intersected DEGs from GSE63060/GSE63061 and 817 DEmiRs from GSE120584 were obtained. Mfuzz and WGCNA analyses revealed 106 DEGs including ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) and 28 DEmiRs including miR-6764-5p. These DEGs and DEmiRs were mainly enriched in pathways like Ribosome. Moreover, 5 key DEGs including cytohesin 4 (CYTH4) and 6 crucial DEmiRs including miR-6734-3p were identified by miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed that CYTH4 and miR-6734-3p were correlated with patients' age. The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that RPL11 expression was significantly downregulated in the MCI and AD groups compared to that in the normal group, while the expression of CYTH4, miR-6764-5p, and miR-6734-3p was remarkably upregulated in the MCI and AD groups. CONCLUSIONS: miR-6764-5p might contribute to MCI and AD by targeting RPL11 in the ribosome pathway. Therefore, miR-6734-3p and its target mRNA CYTH4 might be used as novel biomarkers for MCI and AD.

The Association between Socio-Demographics and Mental Distress Following COVID-19 Vaccination-Mediation of Vaccine Hesitancy.

The COVID-19 vaccine has been administered to over 200 countries and regions. With the unprecedented vaccination scale and speed, vaccination correlated mental health issues should be paid precise attention to. This study aims to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and mental health following vaccination and to analyze the mediation effect of vaccine hesitancy. This study recruited 2112 individuals who took two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Shanghai. Structural equation modeling was performed to assess factors associated with anxiety and depression of the vaccinated individuals and the underlying mechanism. The results yielded that vaccine hesitancy partially mediated/suppressed the effect from gender and employment status to anxiety/depression and fully mediated the effects from education to anxiety/depression. This study advanced the understanding of mental health disparity among different socio-demographic groups after vaccination and the impact of vaccine hesitancy on the vaccinated population's mental health. The finding offered insights into the possible mental vulnerability of people holding a hesitant attitude before vaccination and suggested that vaccine hesitancy played a crucial role in people's mental health after vaccination. Health promotion programs can target vaccine hesitancy to prevent unfavorable mental health consequences among specific populations.

An efficient modulated synthesis of zirconium metal-organic framework UiO-66.

The use of large amounts of deleterious solvents in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is one of the important factors limiting their application in industry. Herein, we present a detailed study of the synthesis of UiO-66, which was conducted with hydrobromic (HBr) acid as a modulator for the first time, at a high concentration of precursor solution (ZrCl4 and H2BDC, both 0.2 mol L-1). Powder crystals with atypical cuboctahedron structure were obtained which indicated that the HBr acid modulator played roles by competitive coordination and deprotonation modulation, thereby controlling the processes of nucleation and crystal growth. The properties of the obtained materials were systematically characterized and compared with those of materials synthesized with hydrofluoric (HF) acid and hydrochloric (HCl) acid modulators. Despite the high concentration of defectivity, the UiO-66 material synthesized with the HBr acid additive has the characteristics of larger specific surface area, excellent thermal stability and higher porosity in the structure. Besides that, the present protocol has the advantages of high reaction mass efficiency (RME), and feasibility of scalable synthesis, providing a facile and sustainable route to diverse Zr-based MOFs.

Influence of Family Dynamics on Stigma Experienced by Patients With Schizophrenia: Mediating Effect of Quality of Life.

Background: Stigma is a barrier to schizophrenia recovery; thus, screening the factors that affect stigma experienced by patients with schizophrenia and exploring the interactions between each factor are critical for improved treatment. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between quality of life (QoL), family dynamics, and stigma in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 447 participants with schizophrenia were recruited in the study, namely, 281 community patients and 166 inpatients. Three scales, Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS), Self-rating Scale of Systemic Family (SSFD), and Stigma Scale for Mental Illness (SSMI), were, respectively, used to evaluate three variables: QoL, family dynamics, and stigma. The correlations between each factor in these three scales were evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. A mediation model was constructed to investigate whether QoL mediated the relationship between stigma and family dynamics. Results: Correlation analysis revealed that most variables in these three scales correlated significantly with each other. Mediational regression analyses indicated that the degree of stigma was affected by family dynamics; that is, good family dynamics predicted less stigma. Surprisingly, we found that a worse QoL was associated with less stigma, and this led to good family dynamics being related to a worse QoL. These findings further suggested that QoL had a mediating effect on the relationship between family dynamics and stigma. Conclusions: This study suggested that more attention should be focused on the multifactorial influence of stigma on patients with schizophrenia. Integrated and personalized interventions regarding QoL and family dynamics can be tailored for patients with schizophrenia to reduce self-stigma.

Correlation between sleep characteristics and cognitive decline in the elderly people: A cross-sectional study in China.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the sleep characteristics in the elderly Chinese people to comprehensively investigate the association between sleep and cognitive function in the elderly people. We aimed to evaluate the most important demographic factors, conventional physiological indices and living habits that may influence sleep. METHODS: We surveyed 2901 elderly people (age ≥60 years old) face-to-face from 1 July to 31 December 2017, who were recruited from 17 communities of the Pudong New Area (Shanghai, China) by probability proportional to size. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale was used to describe the sleep features of each participant. Cognitive assessment was performed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale. Those factors which potentially influence sleep and consequentially may impact cognition in the elderly people were evaluated, and the correlations of sleep characteristics and cognitive function were explored by the linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Altogether, there were 1287 (44.4%) people taking part in the investigation. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with MMSE and MoCA total scores. Healthy sleep (especially enough sleep) was correlated with better cognitive functions. Besides recognised relative factors (such as age, sex and living alone), the number of children was found to be a strong risk factor of poor sleep. Anxiety before sleep and light/noise interference significantly damaged sleep while an exercise routine was associated with better sleep. Moderate levels of reading, watching TV and household work were correlated with superior sleep quality. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, sleep characteristics correlate with cognitive decline in the elderly people, and they can be influenced by multiple demographic factors and living habits. To improve sleep quality, it may be important to change sleep environment, to be relax, to increase physical exercise and recreational activities moderately.

[Effects of potassium-solubilizing bacteria promoting the growth of Lycium barbarum seedlings under salt stress.] / 盐胁迫下解钾菌对枸杞幼苗的促生效应.

We investigated the effects of potassium-releasing bacteria on physiological and bioche-mical characteristics of Lycium barbarum (Cultivar Ningqi 1) under salt stress, with an experiment with treatments following randomized block design. The treatments included control (CK), 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress (NaCl), 100 mmol·L-1NaCl stress+KSBGY01 bacteria (NaCl-M1), 100 mmol·L-1NaCl stress+KSBGY02 bacteria (NaCl-M2), and 100 mmol·L-1NaCl stress+KSBGY01+KSBGY02 (NaCl-M3). We measued chlorophyll content, polyphenol content, superoxide anion (O2-·) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, soluble sugar content, antioxidant enzyme activity and sucrose metabolic enzyme activity of Lycium barbarum seedlings. Results showed that the presence of potassium bacteria increased the values of flavonoids (FLAV), fluorescence excitation than anthocyanins relative index (FERARI), anthocyanins (ANTH-RB), nitrogen balance index (NBI-G), decreased the contents of O2-· and H2O2, and improved soluble sugar content, catalase (CAT) activity, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, sucrose synthase (SS) activity and invertase (INV) activity of leaves in Lycium barbarum seedlings under salt stress. Among all the treatments, the highest values of ANTH-RB and NBI-G, soluble sugar content, and activities of CAT, SPS, SS, and INV presented in NaCl-M2 treatment, the highest values of SPAD, FLAV, and FERARI presented in NaCl-M3 treatment, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) presented in NaCl-M1 treatment, the highest activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) presented in NaCl treatment, and the highest peroxisome (POD) activity presented in CK. The 14 significant physiological and biochemical indicators in the leaves of L. barbarum seedling were analyzed by grey system correlation degree method. Our results suggested that the weighted correlation degree of phy-siological and biochemical indices of L. barbarum inoculated potassium-solubilizing bacteria was higher than that under CK and NaCl treatments. The highest weighted correlation was observed in NaCl-M2 treatment. Therefore, adding KSBGY02 potassium-solubilizing bacteria could alleviate the salt stress for L. barbarum seedlings.

Electroreductive C3 Pyridylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones: An Effective Way to Access Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands.

The construction of functional N-containing active biomolecules and bidentate nitrogen ligands by electroreductive pyridylation of N-heteroaromatics is an eye-catching task and challenge. A simple and practical electroreductive-induced C3 pyridylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with readily available cyanopyridines is reported. More than 36 examples are supplied, and the reaction performed in >95% yield. The present protocol provides a convenient, efficient, and gram-scale synthesis strategy for a series of new types of potential bidentate nitrogen ligands.

Investigation of risk factors for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia and is characterized by pathological cognitive decline. The study aimed at revealing the risk of MCI progressing to dementia through a follow-up investigation. METHODS: In 2011, 441 MCI subjects were recruited, and the disease status was tracked by the follow-up survey in 2017. Subjects with MCI stable (MCIs; N = 356) and MCI progressed into dementia (MCIp; N = 77) were analysed in our study. Community-dwelling old people of age ≥ 55 were recruited from 30 streets and 24 committees (or communities) of the Pudong New District (Shanghai, China). Neuropsychological tests of MMSE, MoCA, 17-item HAMD-17, ADL and HIS were performed. Additionally, the correlations of neuropsychological items and MCIp were explored by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: MCIp patients had the lower MMSE and MoCA total scores, whereas the ADL, and HIS total score in MCIp group were higher than in MCIs group. The univariate analysis revealed age, attention (MoCA), visuospatial/executive, number of births, marital status and attention and calculation were significant predictors of MCI progression. In multivariate analysis, age was an independent risk factor of MCI aggravating, while attention (MoCA) was independent protective factor for MCI progression. CONCLUSIONS: Age and worsening attention but not depression in MCI patients were independently associated with the progression of dementia in a 6-year follow-up period.

Later-Onset Hypertension Is Associated With Higher Risk of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

To investigate the correlation between hypertension development and the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in middle-aged and elderly people. A population-based longitudinal cognition survey of people aged 55+ was conducted. The hypertension onset age was estimated by self-reported information and medical insurance card records. To study the effect of later-onset hypertension on dementia, the incidence of dementia was compared between the two groups. Of 277 hypertensive MCI participants without dementia, 56 (20.22%) progressed to dementia (MCIp) over the 6-year follow-up. The proportion of MCIp participants in the old-age-onset hypertension group (≥65 years) was higher than that in the middle-age-onset hypertension group (27.0 vs. 15.4%, respectively; X 2 = 5.538, P = 0.019). In the old-age-onset hypertension group, the proportion of MCIp without diabetes mellitus was higher than those with diabetes mellitus (24.7 vs. 12.6%, respectively; X 2 = 5.321, P = 0.021) and those with increased pulse pressure was higher than those without increased pulse pressure (33.3 vs. 15.4%, respectively; X 2 = 3.902, P = 0.048). However, the cox proportional hazard showed that older age was the only risk factor for MCIp (HR = 0.618, p = 0.000). These results suggest that individuals with later-onset hypertension may have greater cognition decline, even with blood pressure maintained at 130/80 mmHg with antihypertensive management.

Electrochemical-Induced Transfer Hydrogenation of Imidazopyridines with Secondary Amine as Hydrogen Donor.

Electrochemical-induced transfer hydrogenation (TH) of N-heteroaromatic to construct biologically active functional molecule is an appealing and yet challenging task. We report herein the first selective transfer hydrogenation of imidazopyridine derivatives with secondary amines as the hydrogen donors under electrochemical conditions. The successful conversion of cathode transfer hydrogenation depends on the solvation effect. Importantly, such electrochemical-induced transfer hydrogenation can be easily amplified with excellent efficiency.

Study of the Risk and Preventive Factors for Progress of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for progress of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. METHODS: This study was based on the epidemiological survey in 2011 (No. PKJ2010-Y26) and contained 441 MCI individuals. Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination, clinical dementia rating, and montreal cognitive assessment. The association between demographic characteristics and MCI outcomes were evaluated using single-and multifactor ordered logistic regression analysis models. RESULTS: Of the 441 MCI, 77 progressed to dementia (MCIp: 17.5%, 95% CI: 14.4%-21.6%), 356 remained stable (MCIs: 80.7%, 95% CI: 77.0%-88.4%), and 8 reverted to normal cognition (MCIr: 1.8%, 95% CI: 0.6%-3.0%) at follow-up in 2017. Univariate ordinal regression analysis showed that diabetes (P = .052), marriage (P = .028), worker (P = .069), and manager (P = .075) may be the risk factor for the status of MCI. Multiple ordinal regression results showed that diabetes (P = .049) and marriage (P = .04) significantly affected the cognitive function changes in the MCI patients. CONCLUSION: Nondiabetics and being married may prevent the progression from MCI to dementia.

Correlation Analysis of the Quality of Family Functioning and Subjective Quality of Life in Rehabilitation Patients Living with Schizophrenia in the Community.

Background: Recently, the community rehabilitation model for schizophrenia patients has become increasingly popular, and the Shanghai Pudong New Area has developed a relatively complete community rehabilitation model. This study analyzed the correlation between family function and subjective quality of life in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. Methods: This study evaluated persons living with schizophrenia using the Family Assessment Device and the Subjective Quality of Life Scale. A convenient sampling method was used to select 281 rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and 166 hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia. Results: There was a significant difference in the Family Assessment Device scores between rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001). The difference in the scores of the subjective quality of life assessment between rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The regression analysis showed that quality of family function had a significant effect on the subjective quality of life in rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia. (F = 10.770 p < 0.001), (F = 2.960 p < 0.01). Conclusions: The quality of family function plays an important role in improving the subjective quality of life in rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community. It may be beneficial to add some methods to improve family function in the current model of rehabilitation in the community.

Retrospective Evaluation of the Correlation Between Previous Hospitalizations, the Type of Current Living Space, and Quality of Family Function.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: There are important public health issues involving rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between number of previous hospitalizations, living space and quality of family function in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. The study attempts to determine the potential ways to use beneficial factors in recurrent hospitalization for improving treatment and rehabilitation efforts for patients living with long-term chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: The study included 281 rehabilitations of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. A homemade general questionnaire was used to collect information about the number of previous hospitalizations and the living space of the participants. A family assessment device was used to evaluate the quality of family function of the patients. RESULTS: The number of previous hospitalizations of persons living with schizophrenia in the community was negatively correlated with the quality of family function (B = 0.063), and there was no statistical difference in the number of previous hospitalizations and the quality of family function of patients in different living spaces. CONCLUSIONS: The number of previous hospitalizations had a negative impact on family function in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. Living space may not have a significant positive effect on family function or the number of previous hospitalizations.

Demographic Factors and Cognitive Function Assessments Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment Progression for the Elderly.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to conduct a 6-year follow-up and acquire a large sample dataset to analyze the most important demographic factors and cognitive function scale variables associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression for an elderly cohort (age ≥ 60 years old). Patients and Methods. We analyzed the subjects who had participated in a survey in 2011 and were successfully contacted in the later survey in 2017. For each subject, the basic demographic information was recorded, including sex, age, education level, marital status, working status, income level, and physical mental illness history. Cognitive assessments were performed using the following scales if possible: (1) the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, (2) Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), (3) the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale, and (4) Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). RESULTS: The progression outcomes were different between sexes, among age brackets, education degrees, occupations types, and income levels; different progression groups had distinct children numbers (p < 0.001), heights (p < 0.001), heights (p < 0.001), heights (p < 0.001), heights (. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the MCI progression outcomes were associated with sex, age, education degrees, occupations types, income level, children number, height, and weight. MoCA and MMSE scales are supporting tools to predict the progression outcomes, especially combined with the demographic data.

Study of the relationship between self-stigma and subjective quality of life for individuals with chronic schizophrenia in the community.

BACKGROUND: Studies conducted outside of China have found that stigma can predict low quality of life, and research in China has shown that stigma has an impact on the quality of life of convalescent patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, there is no indepth research on the impact of stigma on the quality of life of patients. AIMS: To research the correlation of stigma and the subjective quality of life of persons with chronic schizophrenia in the community. METHODS: We adopted a stratified sampling method. General questionnaire, quality of life scale and stigma scale were given to 602 persons with chronic schizophrenia in the community. RESULTS: The mean (SD) value of the Subjective Quality of Life Scale total scores was 32.99 (13.85). The mean (SD) value of the total stigma scores was 43.50 (5.02). After correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis, it was shown that the total scores for self-stigma and each factor were positively correlated with subjective quality of life (r=0.462, p<0.001), psychosocial factors (r=0.517, p<0.001), and symptoms and adverse reaction factor scores (r=0.363, p<0.001), and the correlation coefficients were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the stigma of persons with schizophrenia in the community, the lower the subjective quality of life is. This suggests that reduction of self-stigma should be considered in the improvement of the quality of life of persons with schizophrenia in the community.

The prevalence and progression of mild cognitive impairment among clinic and community populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that up to 42% of the population aged over 60 are affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) worldwide. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and progression of MCI through a meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched Embase and PubMed for relevant literature. Stable disease rate (SR), reversion rate (RR), dementia rate (DR), and Alzheimer's disease rate (AR) were used to evaluate the progression of MCI. The prevalence and progression rates were both obtained by reported percentile and indirect data analysis. Additionally, we carried out sensitivity analysis of each index by excluding some studies due to influence analysis with the most publication bias. RESULTS: Effect size (ES) was used to present adjusted overall prevalence (16%) and progression rates including SR (45%), RR (15%), DR (34%), and AR (28%) of MCI. Compared with clinic-based outcomes, MCI prevalence, SR, and RR are significantly higher in community, while DR and AR are lower. Despite significant heterogeneity found among the studies, no publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Age and gender were observed to be associated with MCI, in which age was considered as an impact factor for DR. The strong heterogeneity may result from variations in study design and baselines. Standardized MCI criteria were suggested to systematically evaluate MCI in the future.