The effects of volatile anesthetics and propofol in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies investigating the cardioprotective effect of volatile anesthetics on cardiac troponins in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery remain controversial. This current study was conducted to systematically evaluate the impact of volatile anesthetics and propofol on patients undergoing OPCAB surgery. Methods: A computerized search of electronic databases was conducted up to July 21, 2023, to identify relevant studies using appropriate search terms. The primary outcomes of interest were the levels of myocardial injury biomarkers (e.g., cTnI, cTnT), while secondary outcomes included extubation time, length of ICU stay, 30-day mortality, transfusion and thrombosis, and postoperative recovery, which were compared between two anesthesia techniques. Results: A search of databases produced 14 relevant studies with a combined total of 703 patients. Among them, 355 were allocated to the volatile anesthetics group and 348 to the propofol group. Our study reveals a statistically significant reduction in myocardial injury biomarkers among patients who received volatile anesthetics compared to those who received propofol (P < .001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients using sevoflurane had lower postoperative cardiac troponins levels compared to propofol (P = .01). However, desflurane and isoflurane currently have no significant advantage over propofol (all P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative mechanical ventilation time, length of ICU stay, and mortality between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that volatile anesthetics, specifically sevoflurane, in adult OPCAB surgery provide a better cardioprotective effect than propofol. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023444277).

Diversity and potential function of pig gut DNA viruses.

Viruses are ubiquitous in the gut of animals and play an important role in the ecology of the gut microbiome. The potential effects of these substances on the growth and development of the body are not fully known. Little is known about the effects of breeding environment on pig gut virome. Here, there are 3584 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) longer than 5 kb identified by virus-enriched metagenome sequencing from 25 pig fecal samples. Only a small minority of vOTUs (11.16%) can be classified at the family level, and ∼50% of the genes could be annotated, supporting the concept of pig gut as reservoirs of substantial undescribed viral genetic diversity. The composition of pig gut virome in the six regions may be related to geography. There are only 20 viral clusters (VCs) shared among pig gut virome in six regions of Shanxi Province. These viruses rarely carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). At the same time, they possess abundant auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) potentially involved in carbon, sulfur metabolism and cofactor biosynthesis, etc. This study has revealed the unique characteristics and potential function of pig gut DNA virome and established a foundation for the recognition of the viral roles in gut environment.

Metagenomic analysis reveals patterns and hosts of antibiotic resistance in different pig farms.

In actual production environments, antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) are abundant in pig manure, which can form transmission chains through animals, the environment, and humans, thereby threatening human health. Therefore, based on metagenomic analysis methods, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were annotated in pig manure samples from 6 pig farms in 3 regions of Shanxi Province, and the potential hosts of ARGs were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 14 ARG types were detected, including 182 ARG subtypes, among which tetracycline, phenol, aminoglycoside, and macrolide resistance genes were the main ones. ARG profiles, MGE composition, and microbial communities were significantly different in different regions as well as between different pig farms. In addition, Anaerobutyricum, Butyrivibrio, and Turicibacter were significantly associated with multiple ARGs, and bacteria such as Prevotella, Bacteroides, and the family Oscillospiraceae carried multiple ARGs, suggesting that these bacteria are potential ARG hosts in pig manure. Procrustes analysis showed that bacterial communities and MGEs were significantly correlated with ARG profiles. Variation partitioning analysis results indicated that the combined effect of MGEs and bacterial communities accounted for 64.08% of resistance variation and played an important role in ARG profiles. These findings contribute to our understanding of the dissemination and persistence of ARGs in actual production settings, and offer some guidance for the prevention and control of ARGs contamination.

Integrated Omics Analysis Reveals Alterations in the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites of Piglets After Starvation.

Obesity is a serious public health problem. Short-term starvation is an effective way to lose weight but can also cause harm to the body. However, a systematic assessment of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and metabolites after complete fasting is lacking. Pigs are the best animal models for exploring the mechanisms of human nutrition digestion and absorption, metabolism, and disease treatment. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the changes in the intestinal microbiota and metabolite profiles in piglets under starvation stress. The results show that the microbial composition was changed significantly in the starvation groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05), suggesting that shifts in the microbial composition were induced by starvation stress. Furthermore, differences in the correlation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites were observed in the different experimental groups. Starvation may disrupt the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota and metabolite profile and affect the health of piglets. However, piglets can regulate metabolite production to compensate for the effects of short-term starvation. Our results provide a background to explore the mechanism of diet and short-term hunger for intestinal homeostasis.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Identification Based on Objective Facial and Tongue Features: A Delphi Study and a Diagnostic Nomogram for Blood Stasis Constitution.

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically summarize and form an expert consensus on the theoretical experience of tongue and facial features for the identification of nine types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution. Additionally, we sought to explore the feasibility of TCM constitution identification through objective tongue and facial features. Methods: We used Delphi method to investigate the opinions of experts on facial and tongue feature items for identifying TCM constitution. We developed and validated a diagnostic nomogram for blood stasis constitution (BSC) based on objective facial and tongue features to demonstrate the reliability of expert consultation. Results: Eleven experts participated in two rounds of expert consultation. The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.0% and 90.9%. After the first round, 39 items were screened out from 147 initial items, and 2 items were supplemented by experts. In the second round, 7 items were eliminated, leaving 34 items for 8 types of TCM constitution. The coefficient of variation in the first round was 0.11-0.49 for the 147 items and 0.11-0.29 for the included items. The coefficient of variation in the second round was 0.10-0.27 for the 41 items and 0.10-0.20 for the included items. The W value was 0.548 (P < 0.001) in the first round and 0.240 (P < 0.001) in the second round. Based on expert consultation, we selected BSC as an example and developed and validated a diagnostic nomogram consisting of six indicators: sex, hair volume, lip color-dark purple, susceptibility-facial pigmentation/chloasma/ecchymosis, zygomatic texture-red blood streaks, and sublingual vein-varicose and dark purple. The nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC: 0.917 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.877-0.956] for the primary dataset, 0.902 [95% CI, 0.828-0.976] for the validation dataset) and good calibration. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion: This is the first study to systematically summarize the existing knowledge and clinical experience to form an expert consensus on the tongue and facial features of nine types of TCM constitution. Our results will provide important prior knowledge and expert experience for future constitution identification research. Based on expert consultation, this study presents a nomogram for BSC that incorporates objective facial and tongue features, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the individualized identification of BSC.

PDPOB Exerts Multiaspect Anti-Ischemic Effects Associated with the Regulation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways.

The discovery of new therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke remains an urgent need. Here, we identified a novel phenyl carboxylic acid derivative, n-pentyl 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (PDPOB), with anti-ischemic activities. The in vitro anti-ischemic neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory capacities of PDPOB were investigated using neuronal cells suffering from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PDPOB attenuated the OGD/R-evoked cellular damage of SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, PDPOB displayed protective roles against OGD/R-evoked multiaspect neuronal deterioration in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. A further study unveiled the accelerated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) by PDPOB treatment, while blockade of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling substantially diminished the neuroprotective capacities of PDPOB. Additionally, the PDPOB pretreatment dampened the LPS-evoked neuroinflammation in BV2 cells, characterized by the suppressed secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as normalized expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Western blotting further revealed that PDPOB abated the overabundant phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. The intravenous application of PDPOB (30 mg/kg, single dose) attenuated ipsilateral cerebral infarction in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, accompanied by recovered neurological behaviors. Collectively, the above observations provided substantial evidence for the favorable properties and mechanistic explanations of PDPOB in the regulation of ischemia-associated neuronal injury and microglial inflammation, which may furnish ideas for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies against cerebral ischemia.

[Comparison of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation operation in traction bed supine position and non-traction bed lateral position in treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur in traction bed supine position and non-traction bed lateral position. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 102 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur who met the selection criteria between January 2013 and April 2018 was made. According to the different operative positions, the patients were divided into two groups: group A (50 cases, PFNA internal fixation in traction bed supine position) and group B (52 cases, PFNA internal fixation in non-traction bed lateral position). There was no significant difference in age, gender, fracture side, cause of injury, AO classification, complications, and time from injury to operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The preoperative preparation time, incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy times, fracture healing time, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups, and the effectiveness was evaluated by Harris hip score at 1 year after operation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in incision length between groups A and B ( t=1.116, P=0.268). In addition, the preoperative preparation time, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy times in group A were significantly greater than those in group B ( P<0.05). Both groups were followed up 12-14 months, with an average of 13 months. There were 3 postoperative complications in group A and group B respectively. In group A, there were 2 cases of hip joint pain and 1 case of local fat liquefaction (healed after dressing change); in group B, there were 2 cases of hip joint pain and 1 case of deep vein thrombosis in lower extremity; there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups ( P=0.642). The patients of the two groups had a good result of fracture reduction and the internal fixation quality, and there was no main nail loosening, screw fracture, spiral blade cutting, withdrawal, and the nail breakage occurred, and no nonunion of bone, coxa vara, and other complications occurred. X-ray showed that the fracture healed in both groups, and there was no significant difference in fracture healing time between the two groups ( t=1.515, P=0.133). There was no significant difference in Harris hip score between the two groups at 1 year after operation ( t=0.778, P=0.438). CONCLUSION: Compared with the traction bed supine position, PFNA internal fixation for intertrochanteric fracture of femur in the non-traction bed lateral position has the advantages of short preparation time, short operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less X-ray fluoroscopy times, and satisfactory postoperative recovery effect.

High-Sensitivity and Long-Life Microchannel Plate Processed by Atomic Layer Deposition.

As a key component of electron multiplier device, a microchannel plate (MCP) can be applied in many scientific fields. Pure aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as secondary electron emission (SEE) layer were deposited in the pores of MCP via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to overcome problems such as high dark current and low lifetime which often occur on traditional MCP. In this paper, we systematically investigate the morphology, element distribution, and structure of samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Output current of different thickness of Al2O3 was studied and an optimal thickness was found. Experimental tests show that the average gain of ALD-MCP was nearly five times better than that of traditional MCP, and the ALD-MCP showed better sensitivity and longer lifetime.

Spiroorthoester group-containing pregnane glycosides from the root barks of Periploca chrysantha and their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes.

Phytochemical investigation of the root barks of Periploca chrysantha D. S. Yao, X. C. Chen et J. W. Ren (Asclepiadaceae) led to the elucidation of four new spiroorthoester group-containing pregnane glycosides (1-4), named periplosides W-Y and 3-O-formyl-periploside F. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The four new pregnane glycosides (1-4) were found to exhibit significantly inhibitory activities against the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes and favorable selective index comparable to those of cyclosporin A.

C21-steroidal glycosides and sesquiterpenes from the roots of Cynanchum bungei and their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Cynanchum bungei Decne (Asclepiadaceae) led to the elucidation of seven C21-steroidal glycosides (1-7) including three new compounds (1-3), named cynabungosides A-C, one new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene (8), named cynabungone, and one new humulane-type sesquiterpene (9), named cynabungolide. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 8 and 9 were defined unequivocally by ECD analysis and X-ray crystallography, respectively. A putative biosynthetic pathway of humulane-type sesquiterpenes 9 and 10 is proposed.

Aromatic monoterpenoid glycosides from the seeds of Paeonia ostii.

Phytochemical investigation into the seeds of Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang (Paeoniaceae) led to the identification of three new aromatic monoterpenoid glycosides, named paeostisides A-C (1-3), along with one known compound. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and chemical method.

Absolute Configuration of Periplosides C and F and Isolation of Minor Spiro-orthoester Group-Containing Pregnane-type Steroidal Glycosides from Periploca sepium and Their T-Lymphocyte Proliferation Inhibitory Activities.

Further phytochemical investigation of the root bark of Periploca sepium afforded nine new spiro-orthoester group-containing pregnane-type glycosides termed periplosides O-V and 3-O-formyl-periploside A. The structures of these glycosides along with the absolute configuration of the unique seven-membered formyl acetal-bridged spiro-orthoester function and the 4,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-Δ3-2-hexosulosyl moiety were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical transformation. The absolute configurations of the major compounds periplosides C and F were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of T-lymphocytes. As a result, periploside C, the most abundant glycoside containing a spiro-orthoester moiety found in the plant, exhibited the most favorite selective index value (SI = 82.5). The length and constitution of the saccharide chain in the periplosides were found to influence the inhibitory activity and the SI value.

Different effects of implanting sensory nerve or blood vessel on the vascularization, neurotization, and osteogenesis of tissue-engineered bone in vivo.

To compare the different effects of implanting sensory nerve tracts or blood vessel on the osteogenesis, vascularization, and neurotization of the tissue-engineered bone in vivo, we constructed the tissue engineered bone and implanted the sensory nerve tracts (group SN), blood vessel (group VB), or nothing (group Blank) to the side channel of the bone graft to repair the femur defect in the rabbit. Better osteogenesis was observed in groups SN and VB than in group Blank, and no significant difference was found between groups SN and VB at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. The neuropeptides expression and the number of new blood vessels in the bone tissues were increased at 8 weeks and then decreased at 12 weeks in all groups and were highest in group VB and lowest in group Blank at all three time points. We conclude that implanting either blood vessel or sensory nerve tract into the tissue-engineered bone can significantly enhance both the vascularization and neurotization simultaneously to get a better osteogenesis effect than TEB alone, and the method of implanting blood vessel has a little better effect of vascularization and neurotization but almost the same osteogenesis effect as implanting sensory nerve.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of laser-imploded targets from simulated pinhole images.

This paper proposes an integral method to achieve a more accurate weighting matrix that makes very positive contributions to the image reconstruction in inertial confinement fusion research. Standard algebraic reconstruction techniques with a positivity constraint included are utilized. The final normalized mean-square error between the simulated and reconstructed projection images is 0.000365%, which is a nearly perfect result, indicating that the weighting matrix is very important. Compared with the error between the simulated and reconstructed phantoms, which is 2.35%, it seems that the improvement of the accuracy of the projection image does not mean the improvement of the phantom. The proposed method can reconstruct a simulated laser-imploded target consisting of 100×100×100 voxels.

[Research on the method of transient spectrum detection based on array CCD].

Based on the characteristic of high speed line scanning for CCD in transient spectrum detection, a method of transient spectrum detection with array CCD is presented. The high speed line scanning with array CCD was realized by changing the mode of charge transfer. In order to explore the feasibility of this method, a fast detection system of single point based on linear CCD was designed and fabricated. Seven different LED pulses were measured when the system worked at fast detection mode of single point and normal mode respectively. The results demonstrate that the method of fast detection of single point based on linear CCD is feasible, and the rate of single point detection reaches up to 20 MHz. Thus, in theory, it was proved that transient spectrum detection with array CCD by changing the mode of charge transfer is also feasible.

[Real-time measurement of detonation transient temperature].

Based on the spectral characteristic of the detonation temperature, the present paper presents a measurement system of transient multi-wavelength pyrometry with the theory of multi-wavelength thermometry. The FPGA was applied as the hardware developing platform and the high-speed linear CCD was utilized. Each module was controlled by FPGA to achieve the process of real-time data acquisition, storage and transmission. Using the multiple regression analysis method, the dynamic spectral waveforms were calculated. The two laser spectral lines, 630 and 532 nm, were used to calibrate the corresponding pixel sequence numbers and the No. 175 and No. 270 were confirmed. In this paper, the halide tungsten light was measured. The results show that the system can sample continuous spectrum signal at several different times; the CCD can stably work with 40 MHz clock and the frame scanning frequency can achieve 73 kHz.

[Tissue engineering vascularized bone repairing segmental femoral bone defects in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of tissue engineering vascularized bone in repairing segmental femoral bone defects in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-two rabbits were randomized into two groups (n = 16 each). A segmental and critical bone defect of 15 mm in length was made at left femur. In experimental group, the tissue engineering bone constructed from autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells plus beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and vascular bundle was implanted into bony defect. In control group, there was no implantation of vascular bundle. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation respectively. Histological observation was conducted to determine the process of new bone formation and remodeling. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in new bone was measured by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: As indicated by histological observations over time, new bone formation increased in both groups. It was better in the experimental group than the control group at the beginning of 4 weeks. The expression level of VEGF gradually decreased in each group after an initial rise. And the expression of VEGF was significantly higher than the control group after implantation at all time points and peaked at 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: Tissue engineering vascularized bone accelerates bone repair in critical size defect model of femur in rabbit. Implantation of vascular bundle can promote the secretion of VEGF. And VEGF is an essential mediator of both angiogenesis and ossification.

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis of tissue-engineered bone constructed by prevascularized ß-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and mesenchymal stem cells.

Although vascularized tissue-engineered bone grafts (TEBG) have been generated ectopically in several studies, the use of prevascularized TEBG for segmental bone defect repair are rarely reported. In current study, we investigated the efficacy of prevascularized TEBG for segmental defect repair. The segmental defects of 15 mm in length were created in the femurs of rabbits bilaterally. In treatment group, the osteotomy site of femur was implanted with prevascularized TEBG, which is generated by seeding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into ß-TCP scaffold, and prevascularization with the insertion of femoral vascular bundle into the side groove of scaffold; whereas in the control group, only MSC mediated scaffolds (TEBG) were implanted. The new bone formation and vascularization were investigated and furthermore, the expression of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which might express during defect healing was evaluated, as well. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the treatment of prevascularized TEBG led to significantly higher volume of regenerated bone and larger amount of capillary infiltration compared to non-vascularized TEBG. The expression of VEGF in mRNA and protein levels increased with implantation time and peaked at 4 weeks postoperatively, followed by a slow decrease, however, treatment group expressed a significant higher level of VEGF than control group throughout the whole study. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that prevascularized TEBG by insertion of vascular bundle could significantly promote the new bone regeneration and vascularization compared to non-vascularized TEBG, which could be partially explained by the up-regulated expression of VEGF.

Different effects of implanting vascular bundles and sensory nerve tracts on the expression of neuropeptide receptors in tissue-engineered bone in vivo.

We investigated whether implantation of vascular bundles or sensory nerves affected the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide type I receptor (CGRP1R) and neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) in tissue-engineered bone. We implanted osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) as the scaffold material either with sensory nerve tracts (group I, n = 18), vascular bundles (group II, n = 18) or alone (group III, n = 18) to repair a 1.2 cm femur defect in the rabbit. Better osteogenesis was observed by x-ray and histology in groups I and II than in group III at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Within the new bone, the mRNA levels of the two neuropeptide receptors determined by real-time PCR increased through week 8, and then gradually decreased (P < 0.05). Expression of the neuropeptide receptors determined by immunohistochemistry was lowest at 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and was higher in group II than in group I (P < 0.05). Expression was significantly higher in groups I and II than in group III at all time points. We conclude that implanting vascular bundles into tissue-engineered bone can significantly improve the early expression of CGRP1R and NPY1R. In contrast, implantation of sensory nerves did not show the same dramatic effect as implantation of vascular bundles.

[Effect of tissue engineered bone implantation with vascular bundle and sensory nerve bundle on expression of neurokinin 1 receptor and vasoactive intestinal peptide type 1 receptor in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: Vascular bundle and sensory nerve bundle implantation can promote the osteogenesis of tissue engineered bone. To investigate whether vascular bundle and sensory nerve bundle implantation will affect the expressions of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and vasoactive intestinal peptide type 1 receptor (VIPR1). METHODS: Fifty-four 5-month-old New Zealand rabbits were selected. Autologous bone marrow was aspirated from the posterior iliac spine of rabbits, and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were proliferated in vitro. At the 3rd passage, the BMSCs were cultured in the osteogenic culture medium for 7 days. The tissue engineered bone was prepared by the combined culture of these osteoblastic induced BMSCs and beta tricalcium phosphate scaffold material. A 1.5 cm segmental bone defect was created at the right femur of rabbits. After the plate fixation, defects were repaired with sensory nerve bundle plus tissue engineered bone (group A, n = 18), with vascular bundle plus tissue engineered bone (group B, n = 18), and tissue engineered bone only (group C, n = 18). X-ray examination was used to evaluate the degree of the ossification. The expression levels of NK1R and VIPR1 were measured by the immunohistochemistry analysis and the mRNA expression of NK1R and VIPR1 by real-time PCR at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS: The better osteogenesis could be observed in group A and group B than in group C at all time points. X-ray scores were significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C (P < 0.05) at 4 weeks, and in groups A and B than in group C (P < 0.05) at 8 and 12 weeks. The mRNA expressions of NK1R and VIPR1 were highest at 8 weeks in groups A and B and gradually decreased at 12 weeks (P < 0.05); the expressions were higher in groups A and B than that in group C (P < 0.05), and in group B than group A (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expressions of NK1R and VIPR1 were highest at 8 weeks in 3 groups, and the expressions were higher in groups A and B than in group C. CONCLUSION: Implanting vascular bundles into the tissue engineered bone can significantly improve the expression levels of NK1R and VIPR1. It is an ideal method to reconstruct composite tissue engineered bone.