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OBJECTIVE: The disinfection efficiency of disinfectants differs in specific conditions. This study aimed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of commercial hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and chlorine disinfectant on real field surfaces and provide data for precise disinfection. METHODS: Simulated field disinfection and field disinfection methods were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the disinfection efficiency of hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The log10 reduction of biological indicators, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8099) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), was calculated. Next, the reduction in natural bacteria on the surfaces of a food production and processing workshop and a biosafety laboratory was determined. RESULTS: The 3 commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against E coli and S aureus, with a reduction of more than 3.00 log10 colony-forming units/mL tested for an exposure time of 15 minutes with 3.5% hydrogen peroxide, 100 mg/L chlorine dioxide, and 250 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The natural load in the food production and processing workshop decreased by more than 90% using 10.5% hydrogen peroxide with an exposure time of 30 minutes. The same disinfection level in the biosafety level 2 laboratory was achieved by 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide at an exposure time of 60 minutes and 450 mg/L sodium dichloroisocyanurate at 60 minutes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides a reference for precise disinfection of surfaces in the food industry and biosafety laboratories.
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Compuestos de Cloro , Desinfectantes , Desinfección , Escherichia coli , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Óxidos , Staphylococcus aureus , Compuestos de Cloro/farmacología , Óxidos/farmacología , Desinfectantes/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Desinfección/métodos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Triazinas/farmacología , Cloro/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Maternally expressed gene 3 ( MEG3 ) is a noncoding RNA that is known as a tumor suppressor in solid cancers. Recently, a line of studies has emphasized its potential role in hematological malignancies in terms of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Similar to solid cancers, MEG3 can regulate various cancer hallmarks via sponging miRNA, transcriptional, or posttranslational regulation mechanisms, but may regulate different key elements. In contrast with solid cancers, in some subtypes of leukemia, MEG3 has been found to be upregulated and oncogenic. In this review, we systematically describe the role and underlying mechanisms of MEG3 in multiple types of hematological malignancies. Particularly, we highlight the role of MEG3 in drug resistance and as a novel therapeutic target.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias Hematológicas , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patología , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , MicroARNs/genéticaRESUMEN
Schizophrenia is accompanied by aberrant interactions of intrinsic brain networks. However, the modulatory effect of electroencephalography (EEG) rhythms on the functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia remains unclear. This study aims to provide new insight into network communication in schizophrenia by integrating FC and EEG rhythm information. After collecting simultaneous resting-state EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging data, the effect of rhythm modulations on FC was explored using what we term "dynamic rhythm information." We also investigated the synergistic relationships among three networks under rhythm modulation conditions, where this relationship presents the coupling between two brain networks with other networks as the center by the rhythm modulation. This study found FC between the thalamus and cortical network regions was rhythm-specific. Further, the effects of the thalamus on the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) were less similar under alpha rhythm modulation in schizophrenia patients than in controls ([Formula: see text]). However, the similarity between the effects of the central executive network (CEN) on the DMN and SN under gamma modulation was greater ([Formula: see text]), and the degree of coupling was negatively correlated with the duration of disease ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Moreover, schizophrenia patients exhibited less coupling with the thalamus as the center and greater coupling with the CEN as the center. These results indicate that modulations in dynamic rhythms might contribute to the disordered functional interactions seen in schizophrenia.
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Corteza Cerebral , Electroencefalografía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa , Esquizofrenia , Tálamo , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/fisiopatología , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Ondas Encefálicas/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/fisiopatología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/diagnóstico por imagen , ConectomaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1 ) is a well-established oncogenic long non-coding RNA, the higher expression of which is strongly correlated with cancer events such as tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and treatment outcome in solid cancers. Recently, a series of studies has highlighted its potential role in hematological malignancies in terms of these events. Similar to solid cancers, MALAT1 can regulate various target genes via sponging and epigenetic mechanisms, but the miRNAs sponged by MALAT1 differ from those identified in solid cancers. In this review, we systematically describe the role and underlying mechanisms of MALAT1 in multiple types of hematological malignancies, including regulation of cell proliferation, metastasis, stress response, and glycolysis. Clinically, MALAT1 expression is related to poor treatment outcome and drug resistance, therefore exhibiting potential prognostic value in multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Finally, we discuss the evaluation of MALAT1 as a novel therapeutic target against cancer in preclinical studies.
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Neoplasias Hematológicas , ARN Largo no Codificante , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/genética , MicroARNs/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Spinal disorders are highly prevalent worldwide with high socioeconomic costs. This cost is associated with the demand for treatment and productivity loss, prompting the exploration of technologies to improve patient outcomes. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are computerized systems that are increasingly used to facilitate safe and efficient health care. Their applications range in depth and can be found across health care specialties. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to explore the use of CDSSs in patients with spinal disorders. METHODS: We used the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for this scoping review and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) statement. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and PsycINFO, were searched from inception until October 11, 2022. The included studies examined the use of digitalized CDSSs in patients with spinal disorders. RESULTS: A total of 4 major CDSS functions were identified from 31 studies: preventing unnecessary imaging (n=8, 26%), aiding diagnosis (n=6, 19%), aiding prognosis (n=11, 35%), and recommending treatment options (n=6, 20%). Most studies used the knowledge-based system. Logistic regression was the most commonly used method, followed by decision tree algorithms. The use of CDSSs to aid in the management of spinal disorders was generally accepted over the threat to physicians' clinical decision-making autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the effectiveness was frequently evaluated by examining the agreement between the decisions made by the CDSSs and the health care providers, comparing the CDSS recommendations with actual clinical outcomes would be preferable. In addition, future studies on CDSS development should focus on system integration, considering end user's needs and preferences, and external validation and impact studies to assess effectiveness and generalizability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registries osf.io/dyz3f; https://osf.io/dyz3f.
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Sistemas de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas , Humanos , Algoritmos , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Bases de Datos FactualesRESUMEN
Drought seriously affects agricultural systems and food security. While previous researchers have explored the causes, monitoring, and impacts of drought on agriculture, no systematic investigations into the development of agriculture drought (AD) and its relationships with related knowledge have been conducted. This study assessed existing publications, particularly those conducted between 2020 and 2023. Systematic analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software and the Web of Science (WoS) database. These findings reveal a rising trend in the literature, with a recent acceleration. A total of 7416 articles on AD were identified, with contributions from 6935 institutions across 166 countries. China leads with 1833 publications, followed by the USA with 1278. There are 457 journals publishing AD studies, with the top five being sustainability, frontiers in plant science, agricultural water management, water, and agronomy-basel. The most frequently used keywords reflecting the current significant research direction in the AD field include climate change, yield, variability, impact, growth, and adaptation. The study also highlights four research hotspots and four future research directions. This bibliometric analysis provides a novel guide for agricultural drought research.
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Dietary interventions can reduce progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia. In this study we aimed to determine the impact of a DNA-personalised nutrition intervention in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia over 26 weeks. ASPIRE-DNA was a pilot study. Participants were randomised into three arms to receive either (i) Control arm: standard care (NICE guidelines) (n = 51), (ii) Intervention arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice (n = 50), or (iii) Exploratory arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice via a self-guided app and wearable device (n = 46). The primary outcome was the difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between the Control and Intervention arms after 6 weeks. 180 people were recruited, of whom 148 people were randomised, mean age of 59 years (SD = 11), 69% of whom were female. There was no significant difference in the FPG change between the Control and Intervention arms at 6 weeks (- 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI [- 0.37, 0.11]), p = 0.29), however, we found that a DNA-personalised dietary intervention led to a significant reduction of FPG at 26 weeks in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.019 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.01), as did the Exploratory arm (- 0.021 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.006). HbA1c at 26 weeks was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.038 (SD = 0.018), p = 0.04). There was some evidence suggesting prevention of progression to T2DM across the groups that received a DNA-based intervention (p = 0.06). Personalisation of dietary advice based on DNA did not result in glucose changes within the first 6 weeks but was associated with significant reduction of FPG and HbA1c at 26 weeks when compared to standard care. The DNA-based diet was effective regardless of intervention type, though results should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size. These findings suggest that DNA-based dietary guidance is an effective intervention compared to standard care, but there is still a minimum timeframe of adherence to the intervention before changes in clinical outcomes become apparent.Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov.uk Ref: NCT03702465.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hiperglucemia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , ADN , Glucosa , Hemoglobina Glucada , Proyectos Piloto , AncianoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Quantitative resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) is a convenient method for characterizing the functional impairments and adaptations of the brain that has been shown to be valuable for assessing many neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially in monitoring disease status and assisting neuromodulation treatment. However, it has not yet been explored in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). This study aimed to investigate the rs-EEG features of NMOSD patients and explore the rs-EEG features related to disease characteristics and complications (such as anxiety, depression, and fatigue). METHODS: A total of 32 NMOSD patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited; their demographic and disease information were collected, and their anxiety, depression, and fatigue symptoms were evaluated. The rs-EEG power spectra of all the participants were obtained. After excluding the participants with low-quality rs-EEG data during processing, statistical analysis was conducted based on the clinical information and rs-EEG data of 29 patients and 19 HCs. The rs-EEG power (the mean spectral energy (MSE) of absolute power and relative power in all frequency bands, as well as the specific power for all electrode sites) of NMOSD patients and HCs was compared. Furthermore, correlation analyses were performed between rs-EEG power and other variables for NMOSD patients (including the disease characteristics and complications). RESULTS: The distribution of the rs-EEG power spectra in NMOSD patients was similar to that in HCs. The dominant alpha-peaks shifted significantly towards a lower frequency for patients when compared to HCs. The delta and theta power was significantly increased in the NMOSD group compared to that in the HC group. The alpha oscillation power was found to be significantly negatively associated with the degree of anxiety (reflected by the anxiety subscore of hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) and the degree of depression (reflected by the depression subscore of HADS). The gamma oscillation power was revealed to be significantly positively correlated with the fatigue severity scale (FSS) score, while further analysis indicated that the electrode sites of almost the whole brain region showing correlations with fatigue. Regarding the disease variables, no statistically significant rs-EEG features were related to the main disease features in NMOSD patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the rs-EEG power spectra of NMOSD patients show increased slow oscillations and are potential biomarkers of widespread white matter microstructural damage in NMOSD. Moreover, this study revealed the rs-EEG features associated with anxiety, depression, and fatigue in NMOSD patients, which might help in the evaluation of these complications and the development of neuromodulation treatment. Quantitative rs-EEG analysis may play an important role in the management of NMOSD patients, and future studies are warranted to more comprehensively understand its application value.
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Neuromielitis Óptica , Sustancia Blanca , Humanos , Neuromielitis Óptica/complicaciones , Neuromielitis Óptica/psicología , Ansiedad/etiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Fatiga/complicaciones , Fatiga/diagnósticoRESUMEN
A new disaccharide glycoside, franchoside A (1), and 17 known compounds were isolated from the tubers of Arisaema franchetianum Engler. The chemical structure of the previously undescribed compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 showed significant cytotoxic activities at varying IC50 values in the range of 4.0-10.6 µM against five cancer cell lines. Compounds 8, 10, 13 and 17 (10 µM) exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and the release of NO from RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while compounds 1, 9, 14, 15 and 16 showed weak anti-inflammatory activities.
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Antineoplásicos , Arisaema , Glicósidos/farmacología , Glicósidos/química , Línea Celular , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Acquired drug resistance is a main reason for limiting the application of sorafenib in HCC treatment. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanisms of a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), lnc-TSI, in sorafenib resistance of HCC. The interaction between lnc-TSI and miR-4726-5p, and miR-4726-5p and KCNMA1 were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Expression of the molecules in the lnc-TSI/miR-4726-5p/KCNMA1 axis in clinical samples and cell lines, as well as the sorafenib resistant HCC cell lines, was determined using qRT-PCR or western blotting. Expressions of lnc-TSI, miR-4726-5p, and KCNMA1 were manipulated in HepG2 and Huh7 cells through plasmid transfection or lentivirus infection. The CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Tunel assays were employed to determine the role of this axis on sorafenib resistance of HCC. A xenograft model was established using sorafenib-resistant HepG2 and Huh7 cells followed by in vivo sorafenib treatments to confirm the in vitro findings. Lnc-TSI and KCNMA1 expressions were significantly downregulated in HCC clinical samples and cell lines, especially in sorafenib resistance ones, while mi-4726-5p presented a reversed expression pattern. Lnc-TSI interacted with miR-4726-5p, and Lnc-TSI acts as a ceRNA via sponging miR-4726-5p in HCC cells. Overexpression of lnc-TSI and KCNMA1 promoted apoptosis and decreased cell viability of sorafenib-treated HCC cells, thus alleviated sorafenib resistance. miR-4726-5p mimic reversed the KCNMA1-mediated sorafenib sensitivity-promoting effect, while additional overexpression of lnc-TSI reversed the effect of miR-4726-5p. In vivo analysis also showed that overexpression of ln-TSI diminished sorafenib resistance in mice inoculated with sorafenib-resistant HCC cells via increasing KCNMA1 expression and decreasing miR-4726-5p expression. The lnc-TSI/miR-4726-5p/KCNMA1 axis plays a critical role in regulating the resistance of HCC to sorafenib, and might serve as a therapeutic target to manage sorafenib resistance of HCC in clinic.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , MicroARNs , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Sorafenib/farmacología , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Subunidades alfa de los Canales de Potasio de Gran Conductancia Activados por Calcio/genética , Subunidades alfa de los Canales de Potasio de Gran Conductancia Activados por Calcio/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aletrisguangxiensis Y. Nong & Y. F. Huang (Nartheciaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to A.scopulorum, but it can be easily distinguished by its sparsely glandular, 5-18 cm long scape, glandular inflorescence axis, distinctly pedicellate flowers, sparsely glandular, 5-10 mm long pedicel, bract borne at base of pedicel, glabrous perianth divided to the base, strongly recurved or revolute perianth lobes and turbinate, obovoid to oblong-obovoid capsule. An identification key for 24 species and 1 hybrid of Aletris is also provided.
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Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of bracketless and invisible orthodontic treatment on periodontitis, as well as on gingival crevicular fluid and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tumors. The impact of necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels fills the current knowledge gap regarding the impact of different orthodontic treatment modalities on biomarker levels in periodontitis patients. Methods: 100 patients with malocclusion secondary to periodontitis were selected as subjects.They were divided into a control group (n=50) and a study group (n=50) according to the random number method. The control group was treated with a straight wire appliances, and the study group was given bracketless and invisible orthodontic treatment. Clinical effects, Periodontal indicators [plaque index (PLI), gingival crevicular bleeding index (SBI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket probe depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL)], gingival crevicular fluid and serum IL-6, MMP-8 and TNF-α levels and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The uniqueness of this method is that it compares the impact of traditional straight-wire orthodontic treatment and invisible orthodontic treatment without brackets on biomarker levels and clinical effects in patients with periodontitis. In order to understand the role of orthodontic treatment methods in Provides useful information for use in periodontitis treatment. Results: The main findings of this study highlight the significant impact of bracketless clear braces in improving periodontal indicators and cytokine levels. Patients treated with bracketless clear braces demonstrate better clinical outcomes in periodontitis treatment compared with traditional straight-wire orthodontic treatment. The response rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (94.00% vs. 72.00%) (P < .05). After 2 years of treatment, PLT, SBI, GI, PD and CAL were decreased in both groups and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < .05). After 6 months of treatment, the levels of IL-6, MMP-8 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid and serum were decreased in both groups, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > .05). Conclusion: The treatment of periodontitis without brackets has a significant effect, which can improve the periodontal condition and reduce the levels of IL-6, MMP-8 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid and serum. Bracketless invisible braces have shown potential clinical significance in improving periodontal indicators and cytokine levels in patients with periodontitis, providing support for providing more comfortable and effective orthodontic treatment options, which may help promote patients' Oral health. These findings suggest the positive role of bracketless invisible braces in comprehensive periodontal treatment, which is expected to influence the practice of orthodontics and periodontal treatment and improve patient treatment experience and effects.
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Depressed mood has been proposed to possibly possess a unique mode of defocused attention. However, this argument needs to be supported by experimental evidence based on attentional performance. The present study used a perceptual load paradigm, combining factors of perceptual load, distractor-target compatibility, and eccentricity, to investigate the degree of attentional distraction in depressed mood. In addition, the mode of attentional distraction associated with depressed mood was explored with the time-frequency features of electroencephalography (EEG). The behavioral results showed that the high depressed mood (HD) group had significantly higher attentional distraction than the low depressed mood (LD) group. EEG results showed that 1) the beta power (especially beta-2, 18-30 Hz) of the two groups differed in the medio-late part of the attentional distraction, with significantly lower power in the HD group than in the LD group; 2) the results of the correlation between beta-2 power and depression scores revealed a significant negative correlation. These results imply that beta-2 is a potential marker that may be sensitive to depressed mood during attentional processing, which was further supported by the classification results of the support vector machine (SVM) with 80.65% accuracy between the HD and LD groups.
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Atención , Depresión , ElectroencefalografíaRESUMEN
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) residue in foodstuffs will bring great harm to human health. We immobilize the composite of the reduced polyaniline (PANIR) modified gold nanoparticles on the surface of ITO (ITO/AuNPs/PANIR) to develop surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for H2O2.detection. The principle is that PANIR is oxidized by H2O2 to generate a new SERS peak at 1460 cm-1 for realizing quantitative analysis of H2O2. Fe2+-Fenton reaction is introduced to catalytically react with H2O2 to hydroxyl radical, which speeds up the oxidation of PANIR. Before SERS detection, acidic treatment could guarantee the reduced state of PANIR in composite. Limit of detection of ITO/AuNPs/PANIR-based SERS assay for H2O2 is down to 1.78 × 10-12 mol/L and a good linear relationship from 1 × 10-10 to 3.16 × 10-7 mol/L is achieved. Furthermore, the SERS sensor could be regenerated by acidic treatment. As a scenario, the renewable SERS sensor is utilized to monitor H2O2 residues in food and environmental samples.
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Oro , Nanopartículas del Metal , Humanos , Oro/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Espectrometría Raman , AlimentosRESUMEN
As one of the most challenging cancers, glioma still lacks efficient therapeutic treatment in clinics. The dilemmas of nanodrug-based therapies for glioma are due not only the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) but also the deficiency of targeting tumor lesions. Thus, spatiotemporally sequential delivery of therapeutics from BBB-crossing to glioma accumulation is considered a strategy to obtain better outcomes. Here, we developed a biomimetic chemotherapy nanodrug composed of the hybrid membrane envelope of U87 cell membranes and RAW264.7 cell membranes, and the core of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded liposome (PTX@C-MMCL). In the research, PTX@C-MMCL showed superior ability to cross the BBB via RAW264.7 cell membranes and accurate targeting to the brain tumor lesions relying on the homotypic targeting capacity of U87 cell membranes. Furthermore, PTX@C-MMCL can maintain a prolonged circulation in vivo. Importantly, PTX@C-MMCL effectively inhibited the development of glioma. Conclusively, our biomimetic nanodrug holds great potential for brain tumor targeting therapy.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Humanos , Liposomas/metabolismo , Biomimética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Glioma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Paclitaxel , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismoRESUMEN
Following viral infection, the innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defence pathways, leading to inflammation and apoptosis, control of cell proliferation, and consequently, threat to the whole body. The ocular surface is exposed to the external environment and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. Several studies have revealed that viral infection can induce inflammation of the ocular surface and reduce tear secretion of the lacrimal gland (LG), consequently triggering ocular morphological and functional changes and resulting in dry eye disease (DED). Understanding the mechanisms of DED caused by viral infection and its potential therapeutic strategies are crucial for clinical interventional advances in DED. This review summarizes the roles of viral infection in the pathogenesis of DED, applicable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and potential regions of future studies.
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Síndromes de Ojo Seco , Virosis , Humanos , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , InflamaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patent blue V (PbV) an Azo colorant because of its high toxicity to children has been severely limited in food industry. However, frequently the abuse of PbV in some artificial foods is still exposed by media. Current methods for the detection of PbV have to perform tedious pre-processing and the detection sensitivity and speed are required to be further improved. RESULTS: In this work, we immobilize gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the surface of ZnFe2O4 with aid of Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) to prepare a novel magnetic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate (designated as ZnFe2O4-IP6-Au NPs) for rapid detection of PbV in beverages. Synergistic effect of magnetic enrichment, magnetic inducing improvement effect (MIIE) and efficient charge transfer (CT) enables ZnFe2O4-IP6-Au NPs-based SERS assay to achieve limit of detection of PbV down to 1.31 × 10-8 mol/L and a concentration linear relationship ranging from 8.6 × 10-4 to 8.6 × 10-8 mol/L. The detection recoveries for PbV in beverages locate in the range from 98.1 to 102.5 %, meaning the feasibility of method. In addition, the presence of IP6 protection greatly improves the storage stability of ZnFe2O4-IP6-Au NPs. SIGNIFICANCE: ZnFe2O4-IP6-Au NPs substrates with excellent SERS performance could on-site, rapidly and sensitively detect PbV. As a perspective, magnetic-composite-based SERS assay has great scenario in food safety by using portable Raman spectrometer.
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Oro , Nanopartículas del Metal , Humanos , Niño , Colorantes de Rosanilina , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Fenómenos MagnéticosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on microglia (MG), Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in hippocampal CA1 region of Alzheimer's di-sease (AD) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms in the treatment of AD. METHODS: Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model and EA groups, with 12 rats in each group. The AD rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose combined with intrahippocampal injection of aggregated Aß25-35. The rats in the EA group were given EA (2 Hz/20 Hz, 2 mA) at "Baihui"(GV20) and"Shenting"(GV24) for 30 min, once daily, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability and spatial exploration ability of rats. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampus. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The positive expression of MG marker io-nized calcium adaptor protein (Iba-1) in hippocampus was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of serum inflammatory factor interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein and phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the escape latency of the model group was significantly prolonged (P<0.01), and the number of crossing the original platform was significantly reduced (P<0.01), the positive expression of Iba-1 in CA1 region, the content of serum IFN-γ, the relative mRNA expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and iNOS, and the protein and phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the content of serum TGF-ß1 and the relative expression of Arg-1 mRNA were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the escape latency of rats in the EA group was significantly shortened (P<0.01), the number of crossing the original platform was significantly increased (P<0.01), the positive expression of Iba1, the content of serum IFN-γ, the mRNA expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and iNOS, and the protein and phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the content of serum TGF-ß1 and the expression of Arg-1 mRNA were significantly increased (P<0.01). Moreover, pathological and ultrastructural observation showed a reduction in the number of hippocampal neurons, changement of nuclear morphology, dilation of intercellular space, and decreased number of mitochondria in the model groupï¼these situations were relatively milder in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: EA can improve the learning and memory function of AD rats, which may be associated with its functions in decreasing MG activities, and inhibiting the JAK2 / STAT3 signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Disfunción Cognitiva , Electroacupuntura , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/terapia , Microglía , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Hipocampo , Disfunción Cognitiva/genética , Disfunción Cognitiva/terapia , ARN MensajeroRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Contrast-enhanced MRI can provide individualized prognostic information for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the value of MRI features to predict early (≤ 2 years)/late (> 2 years) recurrence-free survival (E-RFS and L-RFS, respectively) and overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive adult patients at a tertiary academic center who received curative-intent liver resection for very early to intermediate stage HCC and underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI were retrospectively enrolled from March 2011 to April 2021. Three masked radiologists independently assessed 54 MRI features. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations of imaging features with E-RFS, L-RFS, and OS. RESULTS: This study included 600 patients (median age, 53 years; 526 men). During a median follow-up of 55.3 months, 51% of patients experienced recurrence (early recurrence: 66%; late recurrence: 34%), and 17% died. Tumor size, multiple tumors, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, iron sparing in solid mass, tumor growth pattern, and gastroesophageal varices were associated with E-RFS and OS (largest p = .02). Nonperipheral washout (p = .006), markedly low apparent diffusion coefficient value (p = .02), intratumoral arteries (p = .01), and width of the main portal vein (p = .03) were associated with E-RFS but not with L-RFS or OS, while the VICT2 trait was specifically associated with OS (p = .02). Multiple tumors (p = .048) and radiologically-evident cirrhosis (p < .001) were the only predictors for L-RFS. CONCLUSION: Twelve visually-assessed MRI features predicted postoperative E-RFS (≤ 2 years), L-RFS (> 2 years), and OS for very early to intermediate-stage HCCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The prognostic MRI features may help inform personalized surgical planning, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies, and postoperative surveillance, thus may be included in future prognostic models. KEY POINTS: ⢠Tumor size, multiple tumors, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, iron sparing, tumor growth pattern, and gastroesophageal varices predicted both recurrence-free survival within 2 years and overall survival. ⢠Nonperipheral washout, markedly low apparent diffusion coefficient value, intratumoral arteries, and width of the main portal vein specifically predicted recurrence-free survival within 2 years, while the VICT2 trait specifically predicted overall survival. ⢠Multiple tumors and radiologically-evident cirrhosis were the only predictors for recurrence-free survival beyond 2 years.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Internet addiction (IA), recognized as a behavioral addiction, is emerging as a global public health problem. Acupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating IA; however, the mechanism is not yet clear. To fill this knowledge gap, our study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the functional interactions among the addiction-related networks in adolescents with IA. METHODS: Thirty individuals with IA and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited. Subjects with IA were given a 40-day acupuncture treatment, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected before and after acupuncture sessions. HCs received no treatment and underwent one fMRI scan after enrollment. The intergroup differences in functional connectivity (FC) among the subcortical nucleus (SN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN) were compared between HCs and subjects with IA at baseline. Then, the intragroup FC differences between the pre- and post-treatment were analyzed in the IA group. A multiple linear regression model was further employed to fit the FC changes to symptom relief in the IA group. RESULTS: In comparison to HCs, subjects with IA exhibited significantly heightened FC within and between the SN and FPN at baseline. After 40 days of acupuncture treatment, the FC within the FPN and between the SN and FPN were significantly decreased in individuals with IA. Symptom improvement in subjects with IA was well fitted by the decrease in FC between the left midbrain and ventral prefrontal cortex and between the left thalamus and ventral anterior prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION: These findings confirmed the modulatory effects of acupuncture on the aberrant functional interactions among the SN and FPN, which may partly reflect the neurophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for IA.