[Evaluation of patients with long covid in the canarian population: study protocol.] / Evaluación de pacientes con covid persistente en la población canaria: protocolo de estudio.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has generated a relevant changes in the normal development of human performance. Some changes detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected people have to do with possible effects of the infection in the bio-psycho-social sphere. The population in the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands has not been oblivious to it and, therefore, a need demanded by society has roared. A multicentre observational study will be carried out to assess the physical and functional status of people from the Canary Islands who, after being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, suffer sequelae that persist after twelve weeks of infection. With help from the Official Association of Physiotherapists of the Canary Islands a call will be made to the population. This association will oversee the dissemination of the information and will recruit among its members the collaborating/evaluating physiotherapists, also ensuring the protection and preservation of the data to be collected. People meeting the established criteria will be referred to the more accessible collaborating centre of the canarian community, where, after a preliminary interview, participating patients will self-complete scientifically validated questionnaires, and will be subjected to different validated tests to evaluate their physical and functional status. Patients will be individually informed of the results of their evaluation, and they will receive a dossier with individualized recommendations. After this evaluation, a follow-up of the participants for up to 6 months is anticipated. Data will be recorded, analysed, and interpreted, and the results will be disseminated through conventional means of communication to society and also by attempting publication in scientific journals.

La pandemia actual de la COVID-19 ha generado un cambio relevante en el desarrollo habitual del desempeño del ser humano. Una de las consecuencias detectadas en las personas contagiadas por el virus SARS-CoV-2 tiene que ver con posibles secuelas desde el punto de vista bio-psico-social. La población en la comunidad autónoma canaria no ha sido ajena a ello y, por ende, ha surgido una necesidad demandada por la sociedad. Se llevará a cabo un estudio observacional multicéntrico para evaluar el estado físico funcional de personas de la comunidad canaria que, tras ser contagiadas por el SARS-CoV-2, padecen secuelas que persisten tras doce semanas del contagio. Se hará un llamamiento a la población con la colaboración del Colegio Oficial de Fisioterapeutas de Canarias, que se encargará de la divulgación de la información, así como de establecer el contacto con los fisioterapeutas que colaboradore/evalúen, y de preservar y proteger los datos que se registren. A aquellas personas que reúnan los criterios establecidos se les derivará al centro colaborador más accesible de la comunidad canaria. Allí, tras una entrevista, autocumplimentarán cuestionarios científicamente validados y se les realizarán diferentes pruebas validadas de evaluación del estado físico-funcional. Finalizado este proceso se les informará individualizadamente, facilitándoles un dossier con recomendaciones. Se estima realizar seguimiento a los seis meses posteriores a esta primera evaluación. Una vez realizado el registro, análisis e interpretación de datos, se pretende divulgar los resultados, tanto a través de medios de comunicación convencionales como sometiéndolos para publicación en revistas científicas.

Morphological Assessment of Concomitant Lesions Detected in Goat Herds Naturally Infected with Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease).

Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), causes significant financial losses in the ruminant industry. The aim of this study is to describe the concomitant pathological findings as well as PTB-induced lesions in 39 naturally infected goats (15 vaccinated and 24 non-vaccinated). All animals exhibited MAP-induced microscopic lesions affecting target organs, although only 62% of those were detected grossly. Mainly concomitant inflammatory pathologies were recognized affecting the hemolymphatic, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Non-vaccinated animals exhibited both moderate and marked granulomatous enteritis in contrast with vaccinated ones which presented mild intestinal affection. Our results demonstrate that non-vaccinated animals presented pneumonia in all age groups studied (from 12 up to >48 months old). A significantly higher prevalence of ileocecal valve PTB lesions was detected in non-vaccinated animals with pneumonic lesions (p = 0.027). Furthermore, a reduction of gastrointestinal non-PTB processes was described in vaccinated goats. In conclusion, a PTB infected goat herd can be affected by a wide range of concomitant pathologies, mostly inflammatory in origin. Anatomic pathology is of crucial importance for correct herd diagnosis and histopathology is an indispensable tool for lesion detection. Additionally, anti-MAP vaccination could have a beneficial effect on the reduction of respiratory and gastrointestinal non-PTB diseases.

Regions of the human renal artery: histomorphometric analysis.

The renal artery is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of vasculorenal diseases, and it is a target in kidney surgery and therapeutic techniques for refractory hypertension. However, few detailed structural studies on the human renal artery have been conducted. Using histocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative image analysis, the wall thickness, structure, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, and proportion of elastic tissue in the tunica media of main human renal arteries were used estimated. Ninety-six tissue samples were collected from sections of the right and left main renal arteries. The results showed that the renal artery changed from an elastic vessel in its proximal segment to a muscular artery in its distal part. A critical characteristic of the renal artery was the presence of longitudinal smooth muscle cell formations in the tunica adventitia of middle and distal segments but not in the proximal part of the artery. In addition, the tunica adventitia of the renal artery showed a rich vascularization and the presence of numerous nerves profiles. The artery's regional structural and morphometric features explain that a particular arterial pathology is more frequent in a specific vessel sector than in others. In addition, those characteristics could determine a different therapeutic response attending to the arterial sector.

Assessment of Lung Disease in Finishing Pigs at Slaughter: Pulmonary Lesions and Implications on Productivity Parameters.

Swine respiratory disease is associated with productive losses. We evaluated the prevalence of lung lesions with an emphasis on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), as well as the impact on productive parameters in 108 finishing pigs at slaughter. Pathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC) and serologic analyses were performed. Pneumonic processes were observed in 73.1% of the animals. They mainly consisted of cranioventral bronchopneumonia (CBP) (46.3%) and pleuritis (17.6%). Microscopically, bronchointerstitial pneumonia (67.4%) was common and was occasionally combined (27.9%) with interstitial pneumonia (IP). Mh and PCV2-antigens were detected in bronchointerstitial pneumonia (70.7%) and IP cases (33.3%). There were low titers against Mh (18%) and high titers against PRRSV (100%) and PCV2 (65%). Animals with CBP remained at the farm longer; those with >10% of lung parenchyma involvement were sent later (208.8 days old) and had a lower average carcass weight (74.1 kg) and a lower daily weight gain (500.8 gr/day) compared with animals without lesions (567.2 gr/day, 77.7 kg, 200.8 days old). We suggest that animals that do not reach the weight at slaughter should be sent to slaughter regardless to avoid further negative impacts of respiratory disease in productive parameters.

[Mindfulness-based stimulation in advanced Alzheimer's disease: A comparative, non-inferiority, clinical pilot study]. / Estimulación basada en mindfulness en la enfermedad de Alzheimer avanzada: ensayo clínico piloto comparativo de equivalencia.

INTRODUCTION: A longitudinal study was conducted in order to analyze the feasibility, safety, and effects of the practice of mindfulness, relaxation and cognitive stimulation on the evolution of Alzheimer's disease, with the aim of testing the equivalence of these interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were a total of 168 participants with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with donepezil. In the present article, the 21 participants with advanced AD who completed a follow-up period of 24 months are presented. The participants were grouped into three experimental groups (mindfulness, relaxation, and cognitive stimulation) and one control group. Each group carried out three weekly sessions with bi-annual follow-up measurements (cognition: CAMCOG and MMSE; functionality: RDRS; psychopathology: NPI). Non-parametric analyses were performed. RESULTS: The cognitive function and functionality scores showed no significant differences between the groups. However, the scores in cognitive function of the mindfulness group and the cognitive stimulation group did not decrease in an intra-group analysis. In NPI, there were significant differences between the mindfulness group and the control group by the end of the study (P<.017). CONCLUSION: The data showed that the treatment with donepezil in combination with mindfulness or cognitive stimulation presented a better clinical evolution than the pharmacological treatment alone or combined with relaxation. These data suggest that these therapeutic alternatives should be investigated further, and that the non-pharmacological treatments should be recommended in clinical practice in order to control the evolution of AD in the long term. In order to confirm these findings, a larger study is necessary.