Deep learning based buck-boost converter for PV modules.

Over the past few years, the use of DC-DC buck-boost converters for Photovoltaic (PV) in renewable energy applications has increased for better results. One of the main issues with this type of converter is that output voltage is achieved with the undesired ripples. Many models are available in the literature to address this issue, but very limited work is available that achieves the desired goal using deep learning-based models. Whenever it comes to the PV, then it is further limited. Here, a deep learning-based model is proposed to reduce the steady-state time and achieve the desired buck- or boost mode for PV modules. The deep learning-based model is trained using data collected from the conventional PID controller. The output voltage of the experimental setup is 12V while the input voltage from the PV modules is 10V (when the sunlight decreases) to 24V (for 3.6 kVA) to 48V (for more than 5 kVA). It is among the few models using a single big battery (12V) for off-grid and on-grid for a single building. Experimental results are validated using objective measures. The proposed model outperforms the conventional PID controller-based buck-boost converters. The results clearly show improved performance in terms of steady-state and less overshoot.

Reliable and cost-efficient protection scheme for 5G fronthaul/backhaul network.

One of the challenges for Mobile Network Operators (MNO) in 5G deployment is to ensure reliability in the various sections of the network as the new services and applications, for instance, video on demand, telemedicine, online learning, smart transportation and augmented reality require not only high bandwidth but also demand uninterrupted service. However, this reliability requires substantial investment. Therefore, MNO only deploys protection or backup resources in the network unless it is cost-effective. The study aims to present a reliable and low-cost protection scheme based on an Ultra-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (UDWDM PON) for the transport layer of the 5G network, i.e., for the fronthaul/backhaul section. We have evaluated the Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) cost of UDWDM PON with and without protection in a dense urban area. We also measure the figure of merit between the cost and reliability of the system and, subsequently, confirm that the proposed protection scheme can achieve system reliability up to four nines with very low additional CAPEX investment. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed protection scheme is also demonstrated through simulation experiments.

Congenital extrusion of testis (scrotoschisis).

A one-day, full term newborn, born to a healthy mother presented with exposed right testicle out of right hemiscrotum since birth. Physical examination showed normal looking testicle and spermatic cord, which was stained with meconium. All baseline investigations and ultrasound of abdomen were within normal limits. There was no visible associated anomaly. Scrotum was explored and viable testis was repositioned. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. At three months follow-up, testicle was good in size and normal in position.

Breathless after bypass.

A 65-year-old normotensive, non-athletic man presented to the cardiology clinic with exertional dyspnoea and chest discomfort. Echocardiography revealed mild left ventricular hypertrophy with good systolic function but with regional wall motion abnormalities suggesting ischaemia. Coronary angiography showed significant three-vessel disease. He underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, which was complicated by recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions, requiring a pericardial window procedure. Over the following year he became increasingly oedematous and breathless. On ECG the complexes were low voltage with impaired R wave progression and atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography revealed progression of the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with a bright myocardium and restrictive filling pattern. MRI scanning confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. He was referred for transplant but was considered unsuitable due to extensive mediastinal scarring. This case demonstrates the importance of a high index of suspicion for amyloidosis, especially in patients with unexplained LVH. Cardiac MRI or biopsy may expedite the diagnosis.