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Background and Objective: The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can persist lifelong as a latent infection and may result in a series of disorders. Associations with both Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas have been reported. Expression of the unique long (UL)138 gene of HCMV is linked with the viral latency phase while that of the immediate-early (IE)1 gene is typical of the viral replication phase in patients. This study conducted to determine the prevalence of CMV latent infection in histological tissue samples from patients with Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out with a total of 50 paraffin embedded tissues blocks, including 25 samples for Hodgkin's disease and 25 samples for non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas. After RNA extraction and cDNA preparation, detection of IE1 mRNA was conducted by RT-PCR and identification of mRNA UL138 was achieved by nested PCR. Results: Among 25 cases of Non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma, 5 (20%) were positive for UL 138 and 1 (4%) for both IE1 and UL 138. Among 25 cases of Hodgkin only 1 (4%) was positive for UL 138 and all were negative for IE1 .Conclusion: A relatively high 20% rate of expression of UL 138 was detected in patients with non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma, so that latent CMV infection may play a role in development of the disease.
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Background: Around 95% of the world's population are infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which can persist latent in B lymphocytes and epithelial cells life-long. EBV has been linked with lymphoid and epithelial cancers and persistence of EBV infection in lymphoid or epithelial cells may result in virus-associated B-cell tumors or nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). This study was conducted to determine the frequency of EBV DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue of Iranian patients. Materials and methods: A total of 50 blocks of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of NPCs from 38 (76 %) male and 12 (24%) female patients were collected from archives of Ahvaz hospitals. Sections were cut at 5 µm and DNA was extracted for detection of EBV DNA and EBV typing by mested PCR. DNA sequencing was performed to confirm PCR results. The distribution of EBV DNA was compared among WHO histological subtypes of NPC. Results: Some 3 female and 11 (22%) male NPC samples showed positive for EBV DNA type 1, 2/14(22.2%)WHO histological type II and 12/41(29.3%) WHO histological type III. Conclusions: The frequency of EBV DNA among NPCs in Iranian patients was found to be 28%, EBV type I predominating. Both WHO histological type II and III NPC subtypes demonstrated approximately the same detection prevalence.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human Herpes 6 virus (HHV-6) could remain latent and chronic in the host cells after primary infection. HHV-6 genome encodes certain transactivation proteins which may results in development of malignant lymphoma. The association of human herpes six virus (HHV-6) infection and Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas is strongly supported by epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-6 among the patients with Hodgkin, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall 44 blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded of the patients including 22(50%) Hodgkin and 22(50%) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma were collected. Initially the section of 5µm-thickness were prepared from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Then the deparaphinazation was carried out for each sample. The DNA was extracted, followed by nested PCR for detection of HHV-6. Based on PCR product size and sequencing, the HHV-6 A or B subtypes were characterized. RESULTS: 12/22(54.54%) cases of Hodgkin and 8/22 (36.36%) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were shown as positive for HHV-6. Out of 12 positive HHV-6 in Hodgkin lymphoma, 10 patients (45.45%) belonged to variant A while 2 cases (9.09%) were found positive for both HHV-6A and HHV-6B. All the Non Hodgkin samples (n=8, 36.36%) showed positive for HHV-6 variant A. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of HHV-6 was found among the patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two patients with Hodgkin lymphoma had mixed HHV-6A and HHV-6B infections. It is recommended patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin should be screened for HHV-6 detection before chemotherapy.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem worldwide. Replication and persistence of HCV genome have been described in the liver tissue as well as B cells lymphocyte. Several investigations have reported that long-term persistence of HCV in B cells may result in Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This study was aimed to determine frequency of HCV RNA in histological tissues obtained from patients suffered from Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks including 23 (44.3%) Hodgkin and 29 (55.7%) Non-Hodgkin samples were collected and five micrometer sections were prepared. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Two consecutive Nested RT-PCR assays were carried out for detection of HCV 5' UTR and core gene. RT-PCR products were sequenced and aligned to construct HCV phylogenic tree to evaluate the homology of sequences in comparison to the reference sequences retrieved from Genbank. RESULTS: Overall, 6 Non-Hodgkin (20.6%) and 3 Hodgkin lymphoma (13.04%) samples showed positive PCR results for both 5' UTR and HCV core RNA via nested PCR (P<0.469). Sequencing results revealed that all detected HCV RNA samples belonged to the genotype 3a. CONCLUSION: Despite low prevalence of HCV infection in Iran, high frequency of HCV RNA genotypes 3a (17.3%) has been found in patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To improve treatment regimens, screening of HCV RNA in patients suffered from Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is recommended which can be done through highly sensitive molecular means before and after immunosuppression status.
