RESUMEN
On 25 June 2021, the Law on Euthanasia in Spain came into force, providing for two modes of helping an individual end their life: euthanasia and/or medically assisted suicide. Among the requisites that a request for euthanasia has to fulfil are that the individual must be suffering a severe, chronic and debilitating condition or a severe and incurable disease, at the same time as that person shows the necessary competence to decide. The possibility exists that a patient suffering mental health problems submits such a request; however, the specific characteristics of a mental health disorder make such a request considerably more complex. In this article, based on a narrative review of the law itself and the related literature, the requisites established under the law are analysed from an ethical-legal perspective with the aim of defining when a request for euthanasia from a person with a mental health disorder may be deemed legitimate and in line with legal provisions. This should help clinicians make rational, reasoned decisions when dealing with a request of this type.
Asunto(s)
Eutanasia , Trastornos Mentales , Suicidio Asistido , Humanos , EspañaRESUMEN
Critical thinking is a complex, dynamic process formed by attitudes and strategic skills, with the aim of achieving a specific goal or objective. The attitudes, including the critical thinking attitudes, constitute an important part of the idea of good care, of the good professional. It could be said that they become a virtue of the nursing profession. In this context, the ethics of virtue is a theoretical framework that becomes essential for analyse the critical thinking concept in nursing care and nursing science. Because the ethics of virtue consider how cultivating virtues are necessary to understand and justify the decisions and guide the actions. Based on selective analysis of the descriptive and empirical literature that addresses conceptual review of critical thinking, we conducted an analysis of this topic in the settings of clinical practice, training and research from the virtue ethical framework. Following JBI critical appraisal checklist for text and opinion papers, we argue the need for critical thinking as an essential element for true excellence in care and that it should be encouraged among professionals. The importance of developing critical thinking skills in education is well substantiated; however, greater efforts are required to implement educational strategies directed at developing critical thinking in students and professionals undergoing training, along with measures that demonstrate their success. Lastly, we show that critical thinking constitutes a fundamental component in the research process, and can improve research competencies in nursing. We conclude that future research and actions must go further in the search for new evidence and open new horizons, to ensure a positive effect on clinical practice, patient health, student education and the growth of nursing science.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Pensamiento , Educación en Enfermería/métodos , Humanos , Proceso de Enfermería , Investigación en Enfermería/métodosRESUMEN
En este artículo analizamos de manera crítica la Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. Una visión más realista puede ser llevada a cabo cuando se aplica a personas con enfermedad mental. Dos situaciones clínicas serán revisadas a la luz de la Convención: el consentimiento informado y las decisiones por representación. Bajo esta interpretación se propone que la aplicación de la Convención en salud mental respetará satisfactoriamente los derechos humanos de las personas con discapacidad.
In this article, we critically analyze the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. A realistic view should be taken into account when the text is applied in persons with mental illness. Two clinical situations will be revised in light of the Convention: informed consent and substitute decision-making. This interpretation states that the application of the Convention in Mental Health will respect satisfactory human rights of persons with disability.
Neste artigo analisamos criticamente a Convenção sobre os direitos das pessoas com deficiência. Uma visão mais realista pode ser feita quando se aplica a pessoas com doença mental. Duas situações clínicas serão revistas à luz da Convenção: o consentimento informado e decisões pela representação. Sob esta interpretação, propõe-se que a implementação da Convenção em Saúde mental respeitará satisfatoriamente os direitos humanos das pessoas com deficiência.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Personas con Discapacidad , Toma de Decisiones , Tratamiento Involuntario/ética , Derechos Humanos , Consentimiento Informado , Enfermos MentalesAsunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Participación del Paciente , Relaciones Profesional-Paciente , Toma de Decisiones/ética , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Paternalismo , Participación del Paciente/métodos , Participación del Paciente/psicología , Autonomía Personal , Relaciones Profesional-Paciente/éticaRESUMEN
En este artículo analizamos algunas cuestiones de la historia clínica cuando se enfoca al ámbito de la salud mental. En primer lugar, definimos qué es, qué contenido ha de tener y cómo estructurarla. En segundo término, exponemos algunos principios deontológicos, unos principios éticos y unas virtudes éticas para guiar la elaboración de la HC y el manejo de su información. En tercero, se examina a quién pertenece y quién puede acceder a la información. Por último, se exponen datos empíricos sobre la opinión de los pacientes y los profesionales sobre los registros médicos.
In this article we analyze some issues of the clinical history when focusing in the mental health field. First, we define what is it, what content must have and how to structure it. Second, we expose some deontological principles, some ethical principles and some ethical virtues to guide the elaboration of the clinical history and the management of its information. Third, to whom it belongs and who may have access to the information examined. Lastly, empirical data about the opinion over medical records of patients and health care professionals are shown.
Neste artigo analisamos algumas questões da história clínica quando se enfoca o âmbito da saúde mental. Em primeiro lugar, definimos o que é, qual conteúdo deve ter e como estruturá-la. Em segundo termo, expomos alguns princípios de ontológicos, alguns princípios éticos e algumas virtudes éticas para guiar a elaboração da HC e o manejo de sua informação. Em terceiro, se examina a quem pertence e quem pode acessar a informação. Por último, se expõem dados empíricos sobre a opinião dos pacientes e dos profissionais sobre os registros médicos.
