RESUMEN
The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of 8-week progressive strength and power training regimens on strength gains and muscle plasticity [muscle fiber hypertrophy and phenotype shift, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR), rapamycin-insensitive companion of m-TOR (RICTOR), calcineurin and calcipressin gene expression]. Twenty-nine physically active subjects were divided into three groups: strength training (ST), power training (PT) and control (C). Squat 1 RM and muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training period. Strength increased similarly for both ST and PT groups (P<0.001). Fiber types I, IIa and IIb presented hypertrophy main time effect (P<0.05). Only type IIb percentage decreased from pre- to post-test (main time effect, P<0.05). mTOR and RICTOR mRNA expression increased similarly from pre- to post-test (P<0.01). RAPTOR increased after training for both groups (P<0.0001), but to a greater extent in the ST (P<0.001) than in the PT group. 4EBP-1 decreased after training when the ST and PT groups were pooled (P<0.05). Calcineurin levels did not change after training, while calcipressin increased similarly from pre- to post-test (P<0.01). In conclusion, our data indicate that these training regimens produce similar performance improvements; however, there was a trend toward greater hypertrophy-related gene expression and muscle fiber hypertrophy in the ST group.
Asunto(s)
Expresión Génica , Hipertrofia/genética , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Biopsia , Calcineurina/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Expresión Génica/genética , Expresión Génica/fisiología , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Fuerza Muscular/genética , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Proteína Asociada al mTOR Insensible a la Rapamicina , Proteína Reguladora Asociada a mTOR , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TORRESUMEN
Oocyte preservation is still a challenge in the cat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of oocyte vitrification in cryoloop in the domestic cat and to assess the embryonic development after IVF with cryopreserved semen. In vitro matured cat oocytes were vitrified in cryoloop after exposure to 10% ethylene glycol (EG, 0.9 M) in hepes synthetic oviductal fluid (HSOF) for 1 min, 20% EG (1.8M) in HSOF for 1 min, and 40% EG (3.6M), 10mg/ml Ficoll 70 and 0.3M sucrose in HSOF for 20s. Warmed oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen-thawed semen collected by electroejaculation and presumptive zygote were cultured in vitro for 10 days. Results showed that percentage of degenerated oocytes was higher (P<0.01), while cleavage rate and morulae blastocysts rate on day 6 were significantly lower (P<0.01) for vitrified oocytes than control. Blastocyst rate on day 8 was higher (P<0.01) for control oocytes than vitrified counterparts, and also developmental ability was higher (P<0.05) for non-vitrified oocytes, while the hatched blastocyst rate on day 10 was higher (P<0.05) for vitrified oocytes than control. In conclusion cat oocytes can be vitrified in cryoloop with a fairly good survival rate, cleavage rate and embryo development until pre-implantation stage.
Asunto(s)
Gatos/fisiología , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones/métodos , Oocitos/fisiología , Preservación de Semen , Animales , Blastocisto/fisiología , Criopreservación/instrumentación , Criopreservación/métodos , Estimulación Eléctrica , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , MasculinoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the early and late cardiorespiratory responses after balloon mitral valvuloplasty. METHODS: Nine female patients aged 35 +/- 9 years with mitral stenosis, in class II or III (NYHA) underwent up-right ergoespirometric test, resting electrocardiogram and echocardiogram before, 3 to 5 days (early evaluation) and 8 to 12 months (late evaluation) after mitral valvuloplasty. All patients were treated with digitalis and diuretics. RESULTS: During late evaluation, 44% patients were in class II and 56% were in class I (NYHA). The resting heart rate decreased (87 +/- 11 bpm vs 85 +/- 7 bpm vs 75 +/- 9 bpm) and the number of steps increased (4 +/- 1 steps vs 5 +/- 2 steps vs 6 +/- 1 steps); the peak oxygen uptake improved only in the late evaluation (16 +/- 3 mL/kg/min vs 18 +/- 4 mL/kg/min vs 22 +/- 7 mL/kg/min). The anaerobic threshold, minute ventilation (VE) and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen showed no change. The heart rate (1st step: 124 +/- 18 bpm vs 112 +/- 13 bpm vs 87 +/- 15 bpm), O2 uptake (1st step: 10 +/- 2 mL/ kg/min vs 8 +/- 2 mL/kg/min vs 8 +/- 2 mL/kg/min) and VE decreased during submaximal exercise in early and late phases. The mitral valve area decreased in the late evaluation (0.94 cm2 vs 1.66 cm2 vs 1.20 cm2). CONCLUSION: Although partial restenosis tended to occur in these patients, they improved the functional class and cardiorespiratory performance and cardiocirculatory load during submaximal exercise.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo , Estenosis de la Válvula Mitral/terapia , Adulto , Umbral Anaerobio , Análisis de Varianza , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Consumo de Oxígeno , Periodo Posoperatorio , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Ventilación Pulmonar , Espirometría , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJETIVO - avaliaçäo näo invasiva das respostas cardiopulmonares ao exercício a curto e longo prazo após valvotomia por cateter baläo. MÉTODOS - Estudaram-se 9 pacientes do sexo feminino, 35ñ9 anos, com estenose mitral, tipo funcional II ou III, em uso de digitálicos e diuréticos, através de teste ergoespirométrico, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma, antes e após valvotomia em fase precoce (3 a 5 dias) e tardia (8 a 12 meses). RESULTADOS - Os pacientes evoluíram para tipo funcional II (44 por cento) ou I (56 por cento), na fase tardia. Houve reduçÝo da freqüência cardíaca de repouso (87ñ11bpm vs 85ñ7bpm vs 75ñ9bpm) e elevaçäo do número de estágios (4ñ1 estágios vs 5ñ2 estágios vs 6ñ1 estágios); a capacidade aeróbica máxima aumentou apenas na fase tardia (16ñ3mL/kg/min vs 18ñ4mL/kg/min vs 22ñ7mL/kg/min). O limiar anaeróbico, a ventilaçäo pulmonar e o equivalente ventilatório do O2 (Oxigênio 2) permaneceram inalterados. Nas cargas submáximas de exercício ocorreu reduçäo da freqüência cardíaca (estágio I: 124ñ18bpm vs 112ñ13bpm vs 87ñ15bpm), consumo de O2 (Oxigênio 2) (estágio I: 10ñ2mL/kg/min vs 8ñ2mL/kg/min vs 8ñmL/kg/min) e ventilaçäo pulmonar, nas fases precoce e tardia. A área valvar mitral mostrou reduçöes na fase tardia (0,94cm² vs 1,66cm² vs 1,20cm²). CONCLUSÄO - Apesar da tendência à reestenose parcial, houve melhora no tipo funcional e no desempenho cardiopulmonar com diminuiçäo da sobrecarga circulatória no exercício submáximo.
