RESUMEN
Millions of American girls and women have been drawn to smoking by an industry that has been clearly and systematically targeting women of all ages and life circumstances. Tobacco marketing strategies skillfully link cigarette use to typical female values. Biologically speaking, women are especially vulnerable to the legion of health problems of tobacco use. Smoking is a critical hazard for women in their reproductive years, particularly when they are pregnant.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Tabaquismo/etiología , Salud de la Mujer , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Tabaquismo/complicaciones , Tabaquismo/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The links among smoking, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established. Several studies have demonstrated that quitting smoking reverses the risk of coronary heart disease within 5 to 10 years. However, the immediate effects of quitting smoking on inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD risk have not been well described. METHODS: In this pilot study, we examined a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD in "at-risk" women during the smoking cessation program. Forty-six women enrolled in a smoking cessation program consented to attend four study visits over 6 to 7 weeks. Health/medical information and blood were collected at each visit. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)-I, sTNFR-II, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 were measured, and changes between baseline levels (visit 1, while smoking) and visits 2 through 4 were determined. RESULTS: Significant reductions in circulating levels of TNF, sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and sVCAM-1 were observed among participants over the course of the smoking cessation program. Serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP declined during the smoking cessation program; the changes were not statistically significant, however. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest there are rapid consequences of smoking cessation on inflammatory biomarkers in women at risk for CVD. Additional, larger studies including diverse smokers desiring to quit are required to confirm changes in "measurable milestones" that could serve as motivating factors to assist smokers to quit.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Adulto , Anciano , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Molécula 1 de Adhesión Celular Vascular/sangreRESUMEN
The literature on the prevalence of health hazards faced by law enforcement officers indicates that they are at high risk for several morbid diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease and cancer. To mitigate these risks, quitting smoking is of the utmost importance. This article focuses on reducing tobacco consumption by law enforcement officers in New York.
Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud , Aplicación de la Ley , Policia , Fumar/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mercadeo Social , Industria del Tabaco/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , New York , Salud Laboral , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Políticas de Control SocialRESUMEN
The 1964 US Surgeon General's report was the first from the medical profession to document tobacco as a cause of cancers and other serious illnesses. Over the next 40 years, numerous health care groups have worked to decrease tobacco use and lower the associated morbidity and mortality. Registered nurses are the largest group of health care providers and have one of the highest rates of smoking among health care professionals. As such, registered nurses are an important population to target and treat for nicotine addiction. Hospital-based tobacco control programs can provide nurses and other health care professionals with convenient on-site treatment. The chronic care model provides a useful framework for enhancing tobacco control activities and improving outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Sector de Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Política Organizacional , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Tabaquismo/prevención & control , Humanos , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Desarrollo de ProgramaRESUMEN
The risks to an HIV-infected person who smokes are dramatically amplified compared with the general population. Smoking has been shown to be an independent risk factor for non-AIDS-related mortality in patients who have HIV, even in patients who receive highly active antiretroviral therapy. It has been independently associated with lower scores for quality-of-life indices, such as general health perception, physical functioning, bodily pain, energy, and cognitive functioning. Over time, considering the significant pathology elicited by tobacco, it is hoped that smoking cessation will help reduce the risks of lung disease, heart disease, and neoplastic conditions in patients who have HIV and increase their general sense of well-being.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/fisiopatología , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Fumar/efectos adversos , Tabaquismo/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/mortalidad , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Millions of American girls and women have been drawn to smoking by an industry that has been clearly and systematically targeting women of all ages and life circumstances. Tobacco marketing strategies skillfully link cigarette use to typical female values. Biologically speaking, women are especially vulnerable to the legion of health problems of tobacco use. Smoking is a critical hazard for women in their reproductive years, particularly when they are pregnant.
