Herramientas estratégicas para la propuesta de modelo de cadena productiva forestal para Arauca, Colombia / Strategic tools to formulate a proposal for a forest productive chain model for Arauca, Colombia / Ferramentas estratégicas para o modelo de cadeia produtiva florestal proposta para Arauca, Colômbia

Resumen En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis diagnóstico con miras a identificar acciones para favorecer la consolidación de una cadena productiva forestal en Arauca, Colombia, como estrategia de desarrollo. A partir de una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con consulta a expertos y con una metodología de planeación participativa, se desarrolló un análisis de debilidades, fortalezas, oportunidades y amenazas (DOFA). También se identificaron elementos que dieron soporte para un posterior análisis Mactor® (Matriz de alianzas y conflictos, tácticas, objetivos y recomendaciones) para identificar intereses de los actores de la cadena, y finalmente se propuso un modelo de representación de la cadena productiva forestal del departamento, con sus respectivos eslabones y agentes.

Abstract In the present article, a diagnostic analysis aimed at identifying actions to favor the consolidation of a forest productive chain in Arauca, Colombia, as a development strategy, was carried out. From a qualitative investigation, with consultation to experts and with a methodology of participative planning, an analysis of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats was developed (SWOT). Elements also were identified, to gave support for a subsequent Mactor® analysis (Matrix of alliances and conflicts, tactics, objectives and recommendations) in order to identify interests of the actors in the chain, and finally was proposed a model of representation of the forest productive chain of the department, with its respective links and agents.

Resumo No presente artigo, foi realizada uma análise diagnóstica que objetivou identificar ações para favorecer a consolidação de uma cadeia produtiva florestal em Arauca, Colômbia, como estratégia de desenvolvimento. A partir de uma investigação do tipo qualitativa, com consulta a especialistas e com uma metodologia de planejamento participativo, foi desenvolvida uma análise de Forças, Fraquezas, Oportunidades e Ameaças (SWOT). Elementos que deram suporte para uma análise Mactor® subsequente (Matriz de alianças e conflitos, táticas, objetivos e recomendações) para identificar os interesses dos atores da cadeia também foram identificados e, finalmente, um modelo de representação da cadeia de produção florestal da departamento, com seus respectivos links e agentes.

Distinct gene expression pathways in islets from individuals with short- and long-duration type 1 diabetes.

AIMS: Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) arose, in large part, from studies using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. In the present study, we chose a human-focused method to investigate T1D disease mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic intervention by directly analysing human donor pancreatic islets from individuals with T1D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained islets from a young individual with T1D for 3 years and from an older individual with T1D for 27 years and performed unbiased functional genomic analysis by high-depth RNA sequencing; the T1D islets were compared with islets isolated from 3 non-diabetic donors. RESULTS: The islets procured from these T1D donors represent a unique opportunity to identify gene expression changes in islets after significantly different disease duration. Data analysis identified several inflammatory pathways up-regulated in short-duration disease, which notably included many components of innate immunity. As proof of concept for translation, one of the pathways, governed by IL-23(p19), was selected for further study in NOD mice because of ongoing human trials of biologics against this target for different indications. A mouse monoclonal antibody directed against IL-23(p19) when administered to NOD mice resulted in a significant reduction in incidence of diabetes. CONCLUSION: While the sample size for this study is small, our data demonstrate that the direct analysis of human islets provides a greater understanding of human disease. These data, together with the analysis of an expanded cohort to be obtained by future collaborative efforts, might result in the identification of promising novel targets for translation into effective therapeutic interventions for human T1D, with the added benefit of repurposing known biologicals for use in different indications.

Diseño y validación de la encuesta "costo financiero del cuidado de la enfermedad crónica" / Design and validation of the financial cost of the chronic illness care survey

Resumen Objetivo: Diseñar y validar la encuesta "Costo financiero del cuidado de la Enfermedad crónica" para medir el consumo real efectivo (CRE) e impacto familiar de cuidar a una persona con enfermedad crónica (EC) en Colombia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de tipo metodológico realizado entre 2012 y 2013 en cuatro fases: 1) Revisión bibliográfica para seleccionar los referentes y construir la propuesta preliminar de la Encuesta. 2) Validación inicial realizada con familiares de personas con EC; 3) Validación con expertos y 4) Afinamiento de la versión definitiva de la Encuesta mediante su aplicación. Resultados: La encuesta "Costo financiero del cuidado de la EC" está compuesta de cuatro dimensiones que incluyen: Los datos de identificación; el CRE atribuible al cuidado de las personas con EC; la percepción de carga asociada con el costo financiero y, por último, las observaciones relacionadas con el costo del cuidado. Conclusiones: Se diseñó y validó la encuesta "Costo financiero del cuidado de la EC", la cual es un aporte original que permite medir el consumo real efectivo e impacto familiar de cuidar a una persona con enfermedad crónica (EC) en Colombia.

Abstract Objective: Design and validate the survey "Financial Cost of Chronic Ilness Care" to measure the actual money consumption and the family impact of caring for a person with chronic illness in Colombia. Methodology: This is a descriptive methodological study that was conducted in 2012 -2013 including four phases: 1) The literature review in order to select the references and build the preliminary proposal of the Survey. 2) Initial validation on the families of people with Chronic illness; 3) Validation with experts and 4) Implementation of a pilot survey. Results: The "Financial Cost of Chronic Illness Care" survey is composed of four dimensions including: Identification data; The actual money consumption attributable to the care of people with chronic illness; The perception of the financial burden associated with cost, and finally, observations related to the cost of care. Conclusions: The Financial Cost of Chronic Illness Care Survey was designed and validated as an original contribution for measuring actual money consumption as well as the family impact of caring for a person with chronic disease in Colombia.

Proinsulin and heat shock protein 90 as biomarkers of beta-cell stress in the early period after onset of type 1 diabetes.

Rapid evaluation of therapies designed to preserve ß cells in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is hampered by limited availability of sensitive ß-cell health biomarkers. In particular, biomarkers elucidating the presence and degree of ß-cell stress are needed. We characterized ß-cell secretory activity and stress in 29 new-onset T1D subjects (10.6 ± 3.0 years, 55% male) at diagnosis and then 8.2 ± 1.2 weeks later at first clinic follow-up. We did comparisons with 16 matched healthy controls. We evaluated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), ß-cell function (random C-peptide [C] and proinsulin [PI]), ß-cell stress (PI:C ratio), and the ß-cell stress marker heat shock protein (HSP)90 and examined these parameters' relationships with clinical and laboratory characteristics at diagnosis. Mean diagnosis HbA1c was 11.3% (100 mmol/mol) and 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) at follow-up. C-peptide was low at diagnosis (P < 0.001 vs controls) and increased at follow-up (P < 0.001) to comparable with controls. PI did not differ from controls at diagnosis but increased at follow-up (P = 0.003) signifying increased release of PI alongside improved insulin secretion. PI:C ratios and HSP90 concentrations were elevated at both time points. Younger subjects had lower C-peptide and greater PI, PI:C, and HSP90. We also examined islets isolated from prediabetic nonobese diabetic mice and found that HSP90 levels were increased ∼4-fold compared with those in islets isolated from matched CD1 controls, further substantiating HSP90 as a marker of ß-cell stress in T1D. Our data indicate that ß-cell stress can be assessed using PI:C and HSP90. This stress persists after T1D diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to reduce ß-cell stress in new-onset T1D should be considered.