Practical Considerations for Laser-Induced Graphene Pressure Sensors Used in Marine Applications.

Small, low-power, and inexpensive marine depth sensors are of interest for a myriad of applications from maritime security to environmental monitoring. Recently, laser-induced graphene (LIG) piezoresistive pressure sensors have been proposed given their rapid fabrication and large dynamic range. In this work, the practicality of LIG integration into fieldable deep ocean (1 km) depth sensors in bulk is explored. Initially, a design of experiments (DOEs) approach evaluated laser engraver fabrication parameters such as line length, line width, laser speed, and laser power on resultant resistances of LIG traces. Next, uniaxial compression and thermal testing at relevant ocean pressures up to 10.3 MPa and temperatures between 0 and 25 °C evaluated the piezoresistive response of replicate sensors and determined the individual characterization of each, which is necessary. Additionally, bare LIG sensors showed larger resistance changes with temperature (ΔR ≈ 30 kΩ) than pressure (ΔR ≈ 1-15 kΩ), indicating that conformal coatings are required to both thermally insulate and electrically isolate traces from surrounding seawater. Sensors encapsulated with two dip-coated layers of 5 wt% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone and submerged in water baths from 0 to 25 °C showed significant thermal dampening (ΔR ≈ 0.3 kΩ), indicating a path forward for the continued development of LIG/PDMS composite structures. This work presents both the promises and limitations of LIG piezoresistive depth sensors and recommends further research to validate this platform for global deployment.

Unilateral Hypofunction of the Masseter Leads to Molecular and 3D Morphometric Signs of Atrophy in Ipsilateral Agonist Masticatory Muscles in Adult Mice.

Mice are commonly used to study mandibular dynamics due to their similarity in chewing cycle patterns with humans. Adult mice treated unilaterally with botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) in the masseter exhibit atrophy of this muscle characterized by an increase in the gene expression of atrophy-related molecular markers, and a reduction in both muscle fiber diameter and muscle mass at 14d. However, the impact of this muscle imbalance on the non-treated masticatory muscles remains unexplored. Here, we hypothesize that the unilateral masseter hypofunction leads to molecular and 3D morphometric signs of atrophy of the masseter and its agonist masticatory muscles in adult mice. Twenty-three 8-week-old male BALB/c mice received a single injection of BoNTA in the right masseter, whereas the left masseter received the same volume of saline solution (control side). Animals were euthanized at 2d, 7d, and 14d, and the masticatory muscles were analyzed for mRNA expression. Five heads were harvested at 14d, fixed, stained with a contrast-enhanced agent, and scanned using X-ray microtomography. The three-dimensional morphometric parameters (the volume and thickness) from muscles in situ were obtained. Atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF-1, and Myogenin mRNA gene expression were significantly increased at 2 and 7d for both the masseter and temporalis from the BoNTA side. For medial pterygoid, increased mRNA gene expression was found at 7d for Atrogin-1/MAFbx and at 2d-7d for Myogenin. Both the volume and thickness of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles from the BoNTA side were significantly reduced at 14d. In contrast, the lateral pterygoid from the BoNTA side showed a significant increase in volume at 14d. Therefore, the unilateral hypofunction of the masseter leads to molecular and morphological signs of atrophy in both the BoNTA-injected muscle and its agonistic non-injected masticatory muscles. The generalized effect on the mouse masticatory apparatus when one of its components is intervened suggests the need for more clinical studies to determine the safety of BoNTA usage in clinical dentistry.

An efficient triose phosphate synthesis and distribution in wheat provides tolerance to higher field temperatures.

High temperatures in the field hinder bread wheat high-yield production, mainly because of the adverse effects of heat over photosynthesis. The Yaqui Valley, the main wheat producer region in Mexico, is a zone prone to have temperatures over 30°C. The aim of this work was to test the flag leaf photosynthetic performance in 10 bread wheat genotypes grown under high temperatures in the field. The study took place during two seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). In each season, control seeds were sown in December, while heat-stressed were sown in late January to subject wheat to heat stress (HS) during the grain-filling stage. HS reduced Grain yield from 20 to 58% in the first season. HS did not reduce chlorophyll content and light-dependent reactions were unaffected in any of the tested genotypes. Rubisco, chloroplast fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Rubisco activity did not decrease under HS in any of the genotypes. FBPase activity was reduced by HS indicating that triose phosphate flux to starch synthesis was reduced, while SPS was not affected, and thus, sucrose synthesis was maintained. HS reduced aerial biomass in the 10 chosen genotypes. Genotypes SOKWB.1, SOKWB.3, and BORLAUG100 maintained their yield under HS, pointing to a potential success in their introduction in this region for breeding heat-tolerant bread wheat.

Translucency and flexural strength of translucent zirconia ceramics.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Translucent zirconias have been developed with better esthetics than high-strength zirconias by reducing opacity. However, studies on their translucency and strength are sparse. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the relationship between translucency and biaxial flexural strength of recently developed high-translucency zirconia, high-strength zirconia, and lithium disilicate ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Disks (n=12) were fabricated for 5 ceramic materials: high-strength zirconia (BruxZir 16 shaded), translucent zirconia (BruxZir Anterior shaded, Katana UTML, Katana STML), and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max, Press HT, and LT). A standard tessellation language (STL) file was designed, and the specimen milled, finished, and glazed according to manufacturer's instructions for each material. The translucency parameter was calculated against black and white backgrounds and white and stump shade with ND4 background by using a spectrophotometer. Biaxial flexural strength was calculated by using the 3-ball test. The load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min with a 49-N load cell until failure occurred. Translucency parameter and biaxial flexural strength data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A Tukey honest significant difference multiple comparison test was used to determine significant differences (α=.05). RESULTS: The IPS e.max HT was more translucent against both backgrounds (32.85 for black/white and 15.34 for white/stump), while BruxZir 16 was the least translucent (19.78 for B/W and 8.83 for W/S). All groups tested differed in translucency (P<.001) except for BruxZir Anterior and Katana STML, which were not significantly different (P=.052). For biaxial flexural strength, BruxZir 16 had the highest strength (995.44 MPa) and e.max HT, the lowest (186.75 MPa). No significant differences were found between BruxZir anterior and Katana STML, Katana UTML and IPS e.max LT, or IPS e.max LT and IPS e.max HT (P>.05). Translucency parameter values using both backgrounds were strongly correlated (r=0.99). However, biaxial flexural strength values were inversely related to translucency parameter values when using black/white and white/stump shade but with high correlation (r=-0.777 and -0.756 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Lithium disilicate was the most translucent and yet the weakest material, whereas high-strength zirconia was the most opaque ceramic and the strongest. Katana UTML had the highest translucency but was weakest among translucent and high-strength zirconia materials. Overall, translucency was negatively correlated with biaxial flexural strength.

Native Fauna of Tardigrades from Two Natural Areas of the Argentina Republic.

Understanding and preserving biodiversity in natural habitats is crucial due to their rapid degradation and destruction. The meiofauna of natural areas is less well known than the macroscopic life. Tardigrades are common in limno-terrestrial meiofauna and can indicate environmental conditions. In this study, we expand our understanding of the taxonomy and ecology of tardigrade communities in two natural reserves in Argentina by examining the environmental factors that can affect them and the species that could be used as indicators. In 2018, sampling occurred in the Parque Luro Provincial Reserve (province of La Pampa) and the Poligono A Municipal Ecological Reserve (province of Salta). Samples were taken from epiphytic communities that grow on the bark of trees. Various environmental and microhabitat factors were taken into account. In the province of La Pampa, there were 1326 specimens of five species, and in the province of Salta, there were 212 specimens of nine species. The tardigrade communities in Salta exhibited statistically higher diversity than those in La Pampa. Temperature and moisture affected the tardigrade community of Parque Luro Provincial Reserve, while the microhabitat thickness affected those of Poligono A Municipal Ecological Reserve. The species turnover shaped the community of Salta, while nesting shaped the community of La Pampa.

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Animal Models: Inflammatory Process, Apoptosis, and Surfactant Inactivation.

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome is a condition that causes respiratory distress in newborns due to occlusion and airway inflammation, and surfactant inactivation by meconium. This condition has been described in animal species such as canids, sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, and marine mammals. In its pathogenesis, the pulmonary epithelium activates a limited inflammatory response initiated by cytokines causing leukocyte chemotaxis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and pathogen destruction. Likewise, cytokines release participates in the apoptosis processes of pneumocytes due to the interaction of angiotensin with cytokines and the caspase pathway. Due to these reactions, the prevalent signs are lung injury, hypoxia, acidosis, and pneumonia with susceptibility to infection. Given the importance of the pathophysiological mechanism of meconium aspiration syndrome, this review aims to discuss the relevance of the syndrome in veterinary medicine. The inflammatory processes caused by meconium aspiration in animal models will be analyzed, and the cellular apoptosis and biochemical processes of pulmonary surfactant inactivation will be discussed.

Educación de alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales en pandemia. Perspectivas de las madres y padres / Education of Students with Special Educational Needs in Pandemic. Mothers and fathers' perspectives

Resumen Objetivo: identificar cuáles fueron, desde el punto de vista de las madres y padres, las condiciones de estudio, los aprendizajes y las reacciones emocionales antes y durante la pandemia de sus hijas/os con necesidades educativas especiales, además de conocer algunas condiciones emocionales de ellas/os mismas/os. Método: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, en el cual se aplicaron cuestionarios digitales a madres y padres de alumnas/os con y sin necesidades educativas especiales, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico, intencional. Participaron 2.634 madres y padres (entre 35 y 38 años de edad en promedio, 90 % mujeres). Resultados: Se encontró que los alumnos estudiaron en condiciones precarias, y se vieron afectados seriamente en sus aprendizajes y mostraron reacciones emocionales negativas durante la pandemia. Los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales resultaron muy afectados, pero no mucho más que los alumnos sin estas necesidades, lo cual probablemente se debió al trabajo de las USAER. Las madres y padres, particularmente de los alumnos con NEE, presentaron cansancio y frustración. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el confinamiento produjo serias afectaciones en todos los estudiantes, incluyendo a quienes presentan necesidades educativas especiales, pero estos no resultaron mucho más afectados gracias al apoyo brindado por las USAER. Discusión: Estos resultados obligan a tomar medidas emergentes durante el regreso a clases presenciales para compensar las pérdidas de aprendizaje.

Abstract Objective: To identify what were, from the point of view of mothers and fathers, the study conditions, learning and emotional reactions before and during the pandemic of their children with special educational needs, in addition to knowing the emotional conditions of themselves. Method: An exploratory study was carried out, in which digital questionnaires were administered to mothers and fathers of students with and without special educational needs (SEN), selected through a non-probabilistic, intentional sample. Participants included 2,634 mothers and fathers (between 35 and 38 years old on average, 90 % women). Results: The learners studied in precarious conditions, were seriously affected in their academic learning and showed negative emotional reactions during the pandemic. Students with special educational needs were also greatly affected, but not much more so than students without these needs, which was probably due to the work of the USAER. The mothers and fathers, particularly of the students with SEN, presented fatigue and frustration. Conclusions: The lockdown produced serious effects on the learning of all students, including those with special educational needs, who, nevertheless, were not as affected due to the support provided by USAER. Discussion: These results point out to the need to adopt emerging measures during the return to face-to-face classes to compensate for the loss of learning.

Prefrontal Cortical Control of Activity in Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Weakened by High-Fat Diet and Prevented by Co-Treatment with N-Acetylcysteine: Implications for the Development of Obesity.

A loss of neuroplastic control on nucleus accumbens (NAc) neuronal activity exerted by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through long-term depression (LTD) is involved in triggering drug-seeking behavior and relapse on several substances of abuse due to impaired glutamate homeostasis in tripartite synapses of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. To test whether this maladaptive neuroplastic mechanism underlies the addiction-like behavior induced in young mice by a high-fat diet (HFD), we utilized 28-days-old male mice fed HFD ad-libitum over 2 weeks, followed by 5 days of HFD abstinence. Control groups were fed a regular diet. HFD fed mice showed increased ΔFosB levels in the NAc core region, whereas LTD triggered from the mPFC became suppressed. Interestingly, LTD suppression was prevented by an i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine 2.5 h before inducing LTD from the mPFC. In addition, excessive weight gain due to HFD feeding was diminished by adding 2mg/mL N-acetylcysteine in drinking water. Those results show a loss of neuroplastic mPFC control over NAc core activity induced by HFD consumption in young subjects. In conclusion, ad libitum consumption of HFD can lead to neuroplastic changes an addiction-like behavior that can be prevented by N-acetylcysteine, helping to decrease the rate of excessive weight gain.

The quality of four psychology practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II.

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have been shown to improve healthcare services and clinical outcomes. However, they are useful resources only to the degree that they are developed according to the most rigorous standards. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant variability between CPGs with regard to specific indicators of quality. The Ordre des psychologues du Québec (OPQ), the College of psychologists of Quebec, has published several CPGs that are intended to provide empirically supported guidance for psychologists in the areas of assessment, diagnosis, general functioning, treatment and other decision-making support. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of these CPGs. METHODS: The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument was used to assess the quality of the CPGs. RESULTS: Our results show that although there have been some modest improvements in quality of the CPGs over time, there are important methodological inadequacies in all CPGs evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate the need for more methodological rigour in CPGs development as such, recommendations to improve CPG quality are discussed.

Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models.

Perinatal asphyxia is caused by lack of oxygen delivery (hypoxia) to end organs due to an hypoxemic or ischemic insult occurring in temporal proximity to labor (peripartum) or delivery (intrapartum). Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the clinical manifestation of hypoxic injury to the brain and is usually graded as mild, moderate, or severe. The search for useful biomarkers to precisely predict the severity of lesions in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a field of increasing interest. As pathophysiology is not fully comprehended, the gold standard for treatment remains an active area of research. Hypothermia has proven to be an effective neuroprotective strategy and has been implemented in clinical routine. Current studies are exploring various add-on therapies, including erythropoietin, xenon, topiramate, melatonin, and stem cells. This review aims to perform an updated integration of the pathophysiological processes after perinatal asphyxia in humans and animal models to allow us to answer some questions and provide an interim update on progress in this field.

Postmortem Interval Estimation and Validation Through a Comparative Study of South American Flies Reared in the Field Versus Laboratory Conditions.

Studies under constant temperatures are the most common to estimate the Postmortem Interval (PMI). It is imperative that forensic sciences have data from studies carried out in the field. Therefore, this work aims to: (1) evaluate the parameters (weight, length, development time) associated with the life cycles of Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) under experimental conditions in the field considering fluctuating temperatures, and (2) compare these results with those known and published by the same authors for cultures realized in the laboratory under constant temperatures; which will permit us to contrast the most widely used existing methodologies for forensic application in estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). For each season of the year, cultures of both species were made in the field, collecting information on temperature, humidity, and photoperiod to perform laboratory cultures, later comparing: development time, length, weight, and Accumulated Degree-Hours (ADH) in both types of cultures. Methods for estimating the PMI were obtained and validated with the information of the cultures grown in the field. The two types of cultures showed differences between each other for both species. The forensic use methods to estimate PMI were enhanced and their precision increased when maximum larval length data were used, and it was also concluded that feeding larval stages are the most accurate to be used in making estimates because the larva is growing. The estimation of the PMI through the use of necrophagous flies development remains reliable for obtaining the PMImin.

Interventions to Decrease Unplanned Healthcare Utilization and Improve Quality of Care in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care and outcomes exhibit substantial variability, suggesting quality gaps. We aimed to identify interventions to narrow these gaps. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science through May 2021 to find manuscripts and abstracts reporting quality improvement (QI) interventions in IBD. We included studies with interventions that addressed acute care utilization, vaccination, or Crohn's and Colitis Foundation quality indicators for care processes, including pre-therapy testing, tobacco cessation, colorectal cancer surveillance, Clostridium difficile infection screening in flares, sigmoidoscopy in patients hospitalized with ulcerative colitis, and use of steroid-sparing therapy. The primary objective was to identify successful QI interventions. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. RESULTS: Twenty-three manuscripts and 23 meeting abstracts met inclusion criteria. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination were the most studied indicators (24 references), followed by emergency room and/or hospital utilization, tobacco cessation, and pre-therapy testing (17, 11, and 10 references, respectively). Electronic medical record-based interventions were the most frequent, whereas other initiatives used strategies that included changes to care structure or delivery, vaccination protocols, or physician and patient education. Successful interventions matched the complexity of the metric to the intervention including making changes to care structure or delivery, empowered non-physician staff, and used electronic medical record changes to prompt clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of IBD care can be improved with diverse interventions that range from simple to complex. However, these interventions are not universally successful. Clinicians should emulate successful interventions and design new initiatives to narrow gaps in care quality.

Estimation of the Postmortem Interval Through the Use of Development Time of Two South American Species of Forensic Importance of the Genus Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

Obtaining the specific development time of each species of forensic interest is crucial for the estimation of an accurate and reliable Minimum Postmortem Interval (PMImin). In Argentina, Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) and Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were masked under the name Lucilia cluvia (Walker) for a long time still in forensic expertise. For this reason, the objective of this work is to deepen the study of the development time of these species and utilize this relevant information in the generation of different associated methods that can be used in forensics to estimate the PMI. Immature stages of L. ochricornis and L. purpurascens were reared in a brood chamber according to the following temperature treatments: 13.4, 15.1, 22.3, and 23.6°C. The development time of each stage/state of these flies was recorded as well as the resulting accumulated degree-hours (ADH), to build isomorphen diagrams and thermal summation models for each species. The development time and ADH were different between both species and their development stages. On the other hand, the methods provided for estimating PMImin provide the forensic entomologist more tools to reach accurate and reliable estimates.

Can We Develop Evidence-Based Guidelines Without Research Expertise?

The development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines has flourished over the past two decades. Unfortunately, many studies have found that the quality of such guidelines is highly variable (Alonso-Coello et al. in Qual Safe Health Care 19:e58, 2010; MacQueen et al. in Can J Psychiatry 62:11-23, 2016); research suggests that some of the guidelines used in psychology have been developed using poor methods for guideline development (Bennett et al. in Depress Anxiety 35:330-340, 2018; Trepanier et al. in: Can Psychol 58: 211-217, 2017). While there remains a dearth of research in this area, typically, it is guidelines themselves that are examined by researchers, while too little attention is paid to the developers, and more specifically to how the guideline development groups are composed and the nature of the expertise of those involved in developing the guidelines. Given the importance of grounding guidelines in science, it is key that guideline development groups be comprised of research experts that will help ensure that this essential aspect be respected. In this brief paper, we provide findings from a recent study in which group composition as well as the expertise of guideline development committee members at the Order of Psychologists of Quebec (OPQ) was examined, as defined by academic research productivity. As results highlighted a clear imbalance between clinical and research expertise in these specific committees, with only a small percentage of researchers being represented, we conclude that major improvements need to be made for research to properly reach practitioners and make recommendations to facilitate this.

Immune Dysfunction in Mendelian Disorders of POLA1 Deficiency.

POLA1 encodes the catalytic unit of DNA polymerase α, which together with the Primase complex launches the DNA replication process. While complete deficiency of this essential gene is presumed to be lethal, at least two conditions due to partial POLA1 deficiency have been described. The first genetic syndrome to be mapped to POLA1 was X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder (XLPDR, MIM #301220), a rare syndrome characterized by skin hyperpigmentation, sterile multiorgan inflammation, recurrent infections, and distinct facial features. XLPDR has been shown to be accompanied by profound activation of type I interferon signaling, but unlike other interferonopathies, it is not associated with autoantibodies or classical autoimmunity. Rather, it is accompanied by marked Natural Killer (NK) cell dysfunction, which may explain the recurrent infections seen in this syndrome. To date, all XLPDR cases are caused by the same recurrent intronic mutation, which results in gene missplicing. Several hypomorphic mutations in POLA1, distinct from the XLPDR intronic mutation, have been recently reported and these mutations associate with a separate condition, van Esch-O'Driscoll syndrome (VEODS, MIM #301030). This condition results in growth retardation, microcephaly, hypogonadism, and in some cases, overlapping immunological features to those seen in XLPDR. This review summarizes our current understanding of the clinical manifestations of POLA1 gene mutations with an emphasis on its immunological consequences, as well as recent advances in understanding of its pathophysiologic basis and potential therapeutic options.

Contributions to the Estimation of the Postmortem Interval Through the Length and Body Weight of Two Indigenous Species of South America: Lucilia ochricornis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Lucilia purpurascens.

The early arrival and colonization of species belonging to the family Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) on a corpse represent one of the most reliable means of estimating minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). However, information on the development and life cycles of some Argentine species in this family is not complete. The objective of this work was to contribute new information regarding the larval body size of neotropical species that allow, through the construction of forensic methods, the estimation of a more precise and specific PMImin. This work was conducted on laboratory cultures of larvae of Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) and Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) using as average temperatures: 13.4, 15.1, 22.6, and 23.3°C, which represent the four seasons of the year for the province of Salta. With this information, we constructed isomegalen diagrams and growth models for the obtained variables of larval length and body weight. The mean values of length and body weight differ between both species, indicating that L. purpurascens exceeded L. ochricornis in both variables. In contrast, within each species the mean length and weight remained unchanged between culture temperatures for the three larval instars. Isomegalen diagrams can be used for the entire range of temperatures worked in the laboratory, but the body size entered is approximate. The growth models allow the use of point data but are specific for each culture temperature used.

Two new tardigrade species (Echiniscidae and Doryphoribiidae) from the Salta province (Argentina).

Tardigrades from Argentina are poorly known. Two new species from the Salta province are described in the present contribution: Pseudechiniscus saltensis sp. nov., and Doryphoribius cephalogibbosus sp. nov. The former species belongs to the novaezeelandiae group and, apart from the nominal species of the group, it is similar to nine congeneric species by the following characters: the absence of spines on legs I and lateral papillae, the scapular plate with a transversal fold, the presence of projections at the posterior margin of the pseudosegmental plate, caudal plate not faceted, and cuticular ornamentation in the form of heads (capituli) of endocuticular pillars, protruding through epicuticle and joined by striae. However, the new species differs from all of them in important qualitative (e.g. colour, different division of plates, details of cuticular ornamentation, claws etc.) and morphometric characters. The new species exhibits a unique morphology of gonopore and anus. Doryphoribius cephalogibbosus sp. nov., by the presence of two macroplacoids, dorsal gibbosities, and inhabiting terrestrial environment, belongs to the flavus group and differs from all members of the group in having ten, instead of nine, rows of gibbosities (X:2-4-6- 6-6-6-6-4-2-2+2[LI-III]), with as a peculiar exclusive character, the presence of the two cephalic gibbosities, never reported in other Doryphoribius species. Moreover, the new species differs from the other species of the group by morphometric and more detailed morphological characters. The new species description also gave an occasion to discuss the issue of gibbosity arrangement in other species and address the morphology of claw accessory points.

Desastres, memorias y bienestar de lugar en Dichato, Chile / Disasters, memories and well-being of the place in Dichato, Chile

Resumen El trabajo que se presenta entrega aportes para comprender el impacto de desastres naturales o antrópicos, como terremotos, maremotos, huracanes, terrorismo, entre otros, producidos por efectos de la acción de fenómenos naturales o acciones humanas, en personas. Su objetivo es comprender el impacto del terremoto 8.8 ° y tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010, en Dichato, localidad costera al sur de Chile, a partir de la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre los alcances traumáticos de lo consignado en el bienestar en ese lugar. Se trabajó a partir de los relatos de habitantes sobrevivientes sobre su trayectoria de vida en el lugar, en quienes emerge el recuerdo y superposición de la experiencia traumática de la vivencia del terremoto y tsunami mencionados, a lo que fue la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet de 1973-1990, como acontecimiento desastroso equivalente en sus vidas. Los resultados amplían la comprensión de desastre, más allá de sus alcances materiales, individuales o de corto plazo. Concluimos que el impacto socio-histórico-emocional, el daño al sujeto social y su bienestar de lugar, son aspectos que deben considerarse ante las transformaciones y cambios en el lugar de vida, conociendo y comprendiendo las respuestas colectivas que puedan emerger.

Abstract In this article, we provide contributions to understand the impact of natural or anthropic disasters, like earthquakes, tsunamis, terrorism, and so on, caused by the effects of natural disasters or human actions over people. Our objective is to understand the impact of the 8.8° earthquake and tsunami of February 27th, 2010, in Dichato, in the south coast of Chile. The interest is to generate knowledge about the effects of traumatic events in the well-being of the people who live in that place. The social and health sciences need to integrate other methods inn their research, in order to study the impact of traumatic events on the well-being of people. We worked with surviving inhabitants that told us about their lives in that place and their life stories. In these accounts, there was some remembrances and emotional superpositions between the traumatic experiences of the earthquake and the tsunami, and the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet from 1973-1990 in Chile, considered as a similar disastrous event in their lives. The results expand the understanding about disasters, beyond its material, individual or short-term scope. We conclude that the socio-historical emotional impact, social suffering and well-being of the place are aspects that should be considered in the face of transformations and changes in the place of living, knowing and understanding the collective responses that can emerge.

Estrategias de comunicación para impactar conductas (COMBI) en enfermedades vectoriales en América Latina / Communication strategies for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) in vector diseases in Latin America

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores -ETV- están determinadas por una compleja dinámica de factores medioambientales y sociales, estrategias de control han encaminado históricamente conocimiento biológico sobre el vector. Experiencias mundiales muestran que el cambio del comportamiento de las personas es crucial para la prevención de estas enfermedades. La OMS, promovió la metodología COMBI (Communication for Behavioural Impact) para la planificación de acciones de comunicación y movilización social. Objetivo: Compilar las experiencias de implementación de estrategia COMBI en América Latina para identificar fortalezas, amenazas y oportunidades de mejora de la metodología como herramienta para la mitigación de ETV. Materiales y métodos: Revisión teórica tipo monografía, se incluyeron artículos y documentos indexados, documentos técnicos y literatura gris. Resultados: La integración de la estrategia COMBI a los planes de salud pública permite la disminución de la frecuencia, magnitud y gravedad de los brotes y epidemias de las ETV en América Latina. Colombia es uno de los países que ha sistematizado las experiencias y los resultados de la implementación de la estrategia COMBI, lo que le permite a la región tener más argumentos para promover la estrategia. Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de los objetivos conductuales, la integración de equipos multidisciplinarios, la investigación formativa, la movilización comunitaria y la abogacía son fortalezas que se evidencian en la implementación de la estrategia COMBI en América latina, y la falta de voluntad política y el cambio constante de personal inciden directamente en el éxito de la estrategia en la región.

Abstract Introduction: Vector-borne diseases are determined by a complex dynamic of environmental and social factors; their control strategies have been historically directed by biological knowledge about the vector. Global experiences have shown that behavioral changes in people are a crucial element for the prevention of these diseases. The World Health Organization promoted the COMBI methodology (Communication for Behavioral Impact) to plan communication and social mobilization actions. Objective: To compile the experiences about the implementation of the COMBI strategy in Latin America in order to identify the strengths, threats, and opportunities for improving this methodology as a tool for vector-borne disease mitigation. Materials and methods: A theoretical-type monograph review was done. The materials included articles, index and technical documents, and grey literature. Results: In Latin America, the integration of the COMBI strategy into public health plans allows the reduction of the frequency, magnitude, and severity of outbreaks and epidemics of vector-borne diseases. Colombia is one of the countries that has systematized the experiences and results of the implementation of the COMBI methodology, allowing the region to have more arguments to promote the strategy. Conclusions: The accomplishment of the behavioral objectives, the integration of multidisciplinary teams, formative research, community mobilization, and advocacy are strengths that are evident in the implementation of the COMBI strategy in the Americas' region. On the other hand, the lack of political will and the constant change of personnel directly affect the success of the methodology in the territory.

Gender-Informed Family Planning Perceptions and Decision-Making in Rural Chiapas, Mexico: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Compared to other Mexican states, Chiapas possessed the lowest rate of contraception use among women 15-49 years old (44.6%) in 2018. This convergent mixed-methods study assessed family planning use, perceptions, and decision-making processes among women and men in rural communities where Compañeros En Salud (CES) works in Chiapas, Mexico. We conducted surveys of reproductive-aged women and semi-structured interviews with reproductive-aged women, men, and physicians completing their social-service year in CES communities from 2016 to 2017. Of the 625 survey respondents, 368 (58.9%) reported using contraception. The most common methods were female sterilization (27.7%), bimonthly injection (10.9%), and the implant (10.9%). Interviews were completed with 27 women, 24 men, and 5 physicians and analyzed through an inductive approach. Common reasons for contraception use were preventing pregnancy, lack of resources for additional children, and birth spacing. Adverse effects, influence of male partners, and perceived lack of need emerged as reasons for non-use. Male partners often made the final decision about contraceptive use, while women often chose what method. Physicians reported adverse effects, misconceptions about methods, and lack of women's autonomy as barriers to contraception use. Given misconceptions about contraception methods and the dominant role of men in contraception decision-making, our study illustrates the importance of effective counseling and equitable gender dynamics for family planning programming in rural Chiapas.