An Assessment on the Efficiency of Clothing with UV Protection among the Spanish Navy School Students.

Concern about the harmful effects that ultraviolet (UV) rays have on the skin of people who are routinely exposed to solar radiation has driven the industry of skin protection creams, sunglasses and clothing. Spanish Navy personnel are subject to different levels of exposure depending on their rank and function. The objective of this research is to analyze the behavioral variables associated to the effects on the skin caused by UV rays, denoted by the combined effects of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity, on their decision to purchase and wear uniforms with UV protection. A confirmatory analysis using a structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed on a sample of 100 respondents. The model results revealed a strong mediating characteristic of the intention to use, variable associated with the exogenous variables. Attitude towards the use of clothing and social influence, as well as the exogenous variable clothing action planning, on the sun protective clothing use during tactical maneuvers. These relationships were significant with p-values close to zero. However, exogenous variables related to perceived susceptibility and perceived severity in exposure to sunlight did not represent a significant influence when mediated by self-efficacy in use. The results revealed the consequence of awareness about the importance of protecting oneself and the influence that usage habits can have on the military with respect to the decision to purchase uniforms with UV protection.

Consumption of avocado oil (Persea americana) improves the biochemical profile of rats submitted to long-term androgenic stimulation.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: indiscriminate use of anabolic steroids is associated with cardiovascular diseases, renal damage, and hepatic toxicity. Contrastingly, nutraceutical foods such as avocados prevent and control several diseases, as they can reduce the effects of oxidative stress. Objective: this study evaluates the benefits of consuming an avocado oil-based diet to attenuate the systemic damage caused by supraphysiological doses of testosterone, by analyzing the biochemical profile of 28 42-day-old male Wistar rats. Methods: silicone pellets containing testosterone were surgically implanted, and they received control or avocado oil-based feed. After 20 weeks, all the male rats were anesthetized and their blood samples collected. Results: although the high hormone concentration had a negative influence on the biochemical profile of these animals, the groups that consumed avocado oil exhibited a reduction in serum triacylglycerols (-21 %; p = 0.0001), VLDL (-20 %; p = 0.0085), LDL (-78 %; p < 0.0001), and total cholesterol (-12 %; p < 0.0001), along with positive changes in their HDL concentrations (+7 %; p = 0.001). The avocado oil groups also manifested a reduction in the total concentration of serum proteins (-24 %; p = 0.0357), albumin (-26 %; p = 0.0015), urea (-14 %; p = 0.04), and creatinine (-33 %; p < 0.0001). The concentration of liver transaminases was found to be higher in the animals included in the induced group (ALT, +66 %; p = 0.0005, and AST, +23 %; p = 0.0021), whereas they remained stable in the avocado oil group. Conclusion: from the above, it may be concluded that supraphysiological doses of testosterone are related to increased risk factors for cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic diseases, and that the consumption of avocado oil shields the biochemical profile, thus reducing the associated risk factors.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el uso indiscriminado de esteroides anabólicos se asocia con enfermedades cardiovasculares, daño renal y toxicidad hepática. En cambio, los alimentos nutracéuticos como el aguacate previenen y controlan varias enfermedades, ya que pueden reducir los efectos del estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: este estudio evalúa los beneficios de consumir una dieta basada en aceite de aguacate para atenuar el daño sistémico causado por dosis suprafisiológicas de testosterona mediante el análisis del perfil bioquímico de 28 ratas Wistar macho de 42 días de edad. Métodos: se implantaron quirúrgicamente perdigones de silicona que contenían propionato de testosterona y los animales recibieron una alimentación de control o una basada en el aceite de aguacate. Después de 20 semanas se anestesiaron todos los animales y se recogieron sus muestras de sangre. Resultados: aunque la alta concentración de hormonas tuvo una influencia negativa en el perfil bioquímico de estos animales, los grupos que consumieron aceite de aguacate mostraron una reducción de los triglicéridos séricos (-21 %; p = 0,0001), las VLDL (-20 %; p = 0,0085), las LDL (-78 %; p < 0,0001) y el colesterol total (-12 %; p < 0,0001), con cambios positivos en las LDL (+7 %; p = 0,001). Los grupos alimentados con aceite de aguacate manifestaron una reducción de la concentración total de proteínas séricas (-24 %; p = 0,0357), albúmina (-26 %; p = 0,0015), urea (-14 %; p = 0,04) y creatinina (-33 %; p < 0,0001). Se encontró que la concentración sérica de transaminasas hepáticas era mayor en los animales del grupo inducido (ALT: +66 %; p = 0,0005, y AST: +23 %; p = 0,0021), mientras que en los grupos con aceite de aguacate, los parámetros hepáticos se mantuvieron estables. Conclusión: de todo ello se puede concluir que las dosis suprafisiológicas de testosterona están relacionadas con un aumento de los factores de riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares, renales y hepáticas, y que el consumo de aceite de aguacate protege el perfil bioquímico, lo que reduce los factores de riesgo asociados.

Spectral Doppler ultrasound in selecting an equine embryo receiver.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the RI and PI values would help in choosing the best embryo recipient, and observe whether CL vascularization would influence P4 production. During the breeding season 2018/2019, the study was conducted using 35 mares, which is used for reference to collect data for the project on the day of embryo transfer. The utilized mares were divided into five groups followed by the day after ovulation, with D0 being the day of ovulation. Therefore, the five groups are as follows: D4-mares that were on the 4th post-ovulation day; D5-mares that were on the 5th post-ovulation day; and doing so successively for D6, D7 and D8. On the day of embryo transfer, the CL of the mares that selected as recipients was evaluated by B-mode and power flow mode ultrasonography and the right and left dorsal branches of the uterine arteries by spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on the day of the embryo transfer for a dosage of P4 concentration by radioimmunoassay. No statistical difference was found between the variables when the mares were separated into pregnant and non-pregnant mares, or when they were separated by age groups. When the groups of mares were compared by the day of embryo transfer, the statistical difference was found between the groups D5 × D6 (p = .0053) and D6 × D8 (p = .0036) in RI variable. In PI variable, the statistical difference was found between the groups D4 × D8 (p = .049), D5 × D6 (p = .0446) and D6 × D8 (p = .0024). We conclude that the mares with RI measurement of uterine arteries near 1.0 are correlated to mares with high CL vascularization and elevated P4 concentration.

Ultrasound monitoring of the uterus and ovaries of dominant and subordinate females of yellow-breasted capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos) and robust tufted capuchin (Sapajus robustus) in captive colonies during the ovarian cycle and anestrus periods / Acompanhamento ultrassonográfico do útero e ovários de fêmeas dominantes e subordinadas de macacos-prego-do-peito-amarelo (Sapajus xanthosternos) e macacos-prego-de-crista (Sapajus robustus) em colônias cativas, durante o ciclo ovariano e períodos de anestro

The yellow-breasted capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos) and robust tufted capuchin (Sapajus robustus) are endangered species due to destruction of their natural habitat and predatory chase. However, it is still necessary to elucidate some details of their reproductive physiology in order to obtain better indices in the assisted reproduction of these species. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian cycle of 13 dominant and subordinate females of S. xanthosternos (n=8) and S. robustus (n=5) using sagittal and transversally scanned ultrasound of their uterus and ovaries. Sonograms were performed every seven days for two months. The ovarian cycle phase and anestrous condition were confirmed by colpocytology. Our results showed different uterine parameters (craniocaudal diameter, dorso-ventral diameter, and transverse diameter) (P<0.05) between anestrous subordinate females and other ovarian cycle phases and social classes. The mean of uterine volume was higher in dominant females than subordinate females in all cycle phases (P<0.05), except in follicular phase. During anestrus, endometrial width was smaller in subordinate females than in dominant females (P<0.05). Subordinate females showed differences in endometrial measures (P<0.05) between anestrous period and follicular and luteal periods. Ovarian measures in dominant females were higher than in subordinate females only during anestrus (P<0.05). In the subordinate females, ovarian parameters were different (P<0.05) between anestrus and follicular and luteal phases. Dominant females showed higher volume of right ovary compared to volume of the left ovary during anestrus and follicular phase (P<0.05). Follicles and corpus luteum were distinguished by ultrasonography in most exams (86.11%). During anestrus, measurable ovarian structures were not observed in both ovaries in dominant and subordinate females. In conclusion, the methodology used in this study allowed to evaluate the ovarian cycle in S. xanthosternos e S. robustus females and that cycle phase/anestrus and social class of the female influenced the size of the uterus and ovaries.(AU)

O macaco-prego-do-peito-amarelo (Sapajus xanthosternos) e o macaco-prego-de-crista (Sapajus robustus) encontram-se em risco de extinção devido a destruição do seu habitat e a caça predatória. Porém, ainda necessita-se elucidar alguns detalhes de sua fisiologia reprodutiva, para obterem-se melhores índices por meio de reprodução assistida. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar o ciclo ovariano de 13 fêmeas dominantes e subordinadas de S. xanthosternos (n=8) e S. robustus (n=5) por meio de cortes ultrassonográficos sagitais e transversais do útero e dos ovários. Estas fêmeas foram examinadas uma vez por semana durante dois meses. A fase do ciclo ovariano/anestro foi confirmada pela colpocitologia. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstrou diferença significativa (P<0,05) relacionada ao diâmetro crânio-caudal, diâmetro dorso-ventral e diâmetro transversal entre as fêmeas subordinadas em anestro com todas as outras fases do ciclo ovariano e classes sociais. A média do volume uterino foi maior nas fêmeas dominantes que nas subordinadas em todas as fases do ciclo (P<0,05) a exceção da fase folicular. A largura endometrial, durante o período de anestro, foi menor nas fêmeas subordinadas quando comparada às dominantes (P<0,05). Nas fêmeas subordinadas, houve diferenças (P<0,05) nas mensurações endometriais entre o período de anestro e das fases folicular e lútea. Quanto aos ovários, as médias das medidas observadas nas fêmeas dominantes foram superiores as das subordinadas durante o anestro (P<0,05). As médias das medidas das variáveis ovarianas das fêmeas subordinadas apresentaram diferenças entre o anestro e as fases folicular e lútea (P<0,05). Nas fêmeas dominantes o volume do ovário direito foi maior que o do ovário esquerdo durante o anestro e na fase folicular (P<0,05). Folículos e corpos lúteos foram diferenciados pela ultrassonografia na maioria das coletas (86,11%). Durante o anestro não foram observadas estruturas ovarianas mensuráveis nos ovários em ambas as classes sociais. Concluiu-se que a metodologia empregada neste estudo permitiu o acompanhamento do ciclo ovariano das fêmeas S. xanthosternos e S. robustus e que as fases do ciclo/anestro e a classe social das fêmeas influenciaram as medidas do útero e ovários.(AU)

Data and calculation approach of the fuzzy AHP risk assessment of a large hydroelectric project.

This data article employs the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to perform the project risk assessment in a phase of the construction of a large hydroelectric project. The list of service packs and risk events was extracted from in-depth interviews and content analysis with experts. Such qualitative data were used to identify the relevant service pack and risk event indicators for two groups - the owner's and the builder's representatives - required to specify the model. FAHP was used to calculate the relative importance of such indicators in two stages. First the relevance of the service packs was measured through paired comparisons and then weighted. Next, the relevance of the risk events associated with each service pack was assessed through the same method. A complete method of calculation for one of the respondents is presented. At the end, the average weights for the risk events of the two groups are calculated. For further information it is recommended to read the article entitled "Multi-criteria risk assessment: Case study of a large hydroelectric project" (Ribas et al., 2019).

Antioxidant action of alpha lipoic acid on the testis and epididymis of diabetic rats: morphological, sperm and immunohistochemical evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic hyperglycemia is caused by diabetes mellitus-committed genital morphophysiology, and oxidative stress is one of the main factors involved in this process. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent metabolic and morphological changes in diabetic individuals. Objectives In present study, we evaluated the effects of regular ALA consumption on the spermatogenesis and histoarchitecture in the male genital system of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (CG); Diabetic Control (DCG), receiving commercial diet: ALA Group (ALAG) and Diabetic ALA Group (DALAG), fed diets with added ALA (300 mg/Kg bw). The diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After sixty days of the diet, the animals were euthanized, and semen, testis and epididymis samples were collected. A histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter, tubular and luminal area of seminiferous tubules and each epididymal region. Sertoli cells were evidenced using the antivimenti antibody and were quantified. The results were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test. Results At the end of the experiment, the DALAG glycemia was significantly lower than DCG. The histomorphometric parameters of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules did not show improvement in the DALAG. However, there was an improvement in the DALAG in terms of the concentration, motility and percentage of spermatic pathologies, as well as in the number of Sertoli cells (p<0.001). Conclusions The results demonstrated that supplementation with the ALA antioxidant retards testicular lesions and preserve the process of spermatogenesis in diabetes.

Antioxidant action of alpha lipoic acid on the testis and epididymis of diabetic rats: morphological, sperm and immunohistochemical evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hyperglycemia is caused by diabetes mellitus-committed genital morphophysiology, and oxidative stress is one of the main factors involved in this process. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent metabolic and morphological changes in diabetic individuals. OBJECTIVES: In present study, we evaluated the effects of regular ALA consumption on the spermatogenesis and histoarchitecture in the male genital system of diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (CG); Diabetic Control (DCG), receiving commercial diet: ALA Group (ALAG) and Diabetic ALA Group (DALAG), fed diets with added ALA (300 mg/Kg bw). The diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After sixty days of the diet, the animals were euthanized, and semen, testis and epididymis samples were collected. A histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter, tubular and luminal area of seminiferous tubules and each epididymal region. Sertoli cells were evidenced using the antivimentin antibody and were quantified. The results were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test. RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, the DALAG glycemia was signifi cantly lower than DCG. The histomorphometric parameters of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules did not show improvement in the DALAG. However, there was an improvement in the DALAG in terms of the concentration, motility and percentage of spermatic pathologies, as well as in the number of Sertoli cells (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that supplementation with the ALA antioxidant retards testicular lesions and preserve the process of spermatogenesis in diabetes.

Atención primaria de la patología ginecológica en la etapa adolescente / Primary care in the adolescent gynecological pathology

La medicina para adolescentes ya es una verdadera especialidad y la ejercen, sobre todo, médicos capacitados en Pediatría, clínicos de familia y ginecólogos que se hayan formado debidamente en su adecuada atención y con vocación por hacerlo. Basado en la experiencia como miembro fundador y director por más de 20 años del Programa de Adolescencia del Hospital de Clínicas (Universidad de Buenos Aires), presento una metodología de atención con el objetivo de mostrar un abordaje integral de las adolescentes haciendo énfasis en la promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades en general y en salud reproductiva en particular.

The Medicine for adolescents is a true specialty mostly exercised by doctors trained in pediatrics, family clinicians and gynecologists properly trained in their care and with the vocation for that. Based on my experience as a Founding Member and Director for more than 20 years of the Adolescence Program of the Hospital de Clínicas (University of Buenos Aires), I presented a methodology of attention with the objective of showing a comprehensive approach of the adolescents with an emphasis on general health promotion and prevention of diseases, and on reproductive health in particular.

[Primary care in the adolescent gynecological pathology]. / Atención primaria de la patología ginecológica en la etapa adolescente.

The Medicine for adolescents is a true specialty mostly exercised by doctors trained in pediatrics, family clinicians and gynecologists properly trained in their care and with the vocation for that. Based on my experience as a Founding Member and Director for more than 20 years of the Adolescence Program of the Hospital de Clínicas (University of Buenos Aires), I presented a methodology of attention with the objective of showing a comprehensive approach of the adolescents with an emphasis on general health promotion and prevention of diseases, and on reproductive health in particular.

La medicina para adolescentes ya es una verdadera especialidad y la ejercen, sobre todo, médicos capacitados en Pediatría, clínicos de familia y ginecólogos que se hayan formado debidamente en su adecuada atención y con vocación por hacerlo. Basado en la experiencia como miembro fundador y director por más de 20 años del Programa de Adolescencia del Hospital de Clínicas (Universidad de Buenos Aires), presento una metodología de atención con el objetivo de mostrar un abordaje integral de las adolescentes haciendo énfasis en la promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades en general y en salud reproductiva en particular.

Adiponectina: caracterização, ação metabólica e cardiovascular / Adiponectin: characterization, metabolic and cardiovascular action

Nas últimas duas décadas, o entendimento da biologia do tecido adiposo sofreu mudanças revolucionárias, passando de principal sítio de armazenamento energético a importante órgão endócrino responsável pela produçãoe secreção de proteínas, peptídeos e não peptídeos bioativos. Dentre as proteínas secretadas pelos adipócitos, aadiponectina (APN) é a mais abundante, apresentando ações fisiológicas importantes no sistema cardiovasculare endócrino, envolvendo a sensibilização da ação insulínica e regulação do metabolismo energético corporal, incluindo o coração. Esta revisão tem por objetivo descrever a ação da APN sobre o sistema cardiovascular. Foramincluídos artigos originais realizados com animais ou humanos. Consultadas as bases de dados Pubmed e Medlineentre os anos de 1994 e 2013. Não foram incluídos relatos de caso, estudos-piloto ou estudos de revisão. Utilizou-se como palavras-chave os descritores em ciências da saúde e MeSH específico para o Medline. Oscruzamentos realizados foram: Adiponectin AND Obesity, Adiponectin AND Metabolism e Adiponectin AND Cardiovascular Disease. Encontrados 303 artigos, excluídos 204 e selecionados 31 artigos que compuseram esteestudo. No contexto geral desta revisão a APN apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatórios e ateroprotetores no tecidovascular e ainda ação sensibilizadora para a insulina nos tecidos envolvidos nos metabolismos glicídico e lipídico. Assim, é considerado biomarcador importante para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.

In the last two decades, the understanding of adipose tissue biology underwent revolutionary changes, from a major energy storage site to an important endocrine organ responsible for the production and secretion of proteins, peptides and non-bioactive peptides. Among the proteins secreted by adipocytes, adiponectin (APN) is the most abundant, with important physiological actions in the cardiovascular and endocrine system, involving the sensitization of insulin action and regulation of body energy metabolism, including the heart. This review aims to describe the action of APN on the cardiovascular system. It includes original manuscripts with humans or animals. The databases PubMed and Medline, from years 1994 to 2013, were searched. Case reports, pilot studies or review studies have not been included. The health science descriptors and MeSH specific for Medline were used as keywords. The following cross searches were carried out: Adiponectin AND Obesity, Adiponectin AND Metabolism and Adiponectin AND Cardiovascular Disease. We found 303 manuscripts, excluded 204 and selected 31 manuscripts that were included this study. Inthe general context of this review, APN presents anti-inflammatory and ateroprotector effects in the vascular tissue and an insulin sensitizing action in tissues involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. It is thus considered an important biomarker for the developmentof cardiovascular diseases.

Endometrite fúngica em éguas: diagnóstico e implicações clínico-patológicas / Fungal endometritis in mares: diagnosis and clinicopathological aspects

Este estudo objetivou estabelecer a etiologia e achados clínico-patológicos das endometrites fúngicas. Para tal, realizou-se anamnese, exame ginecológico, cultura, citologia e biópsia endometriais em 85 éguas em idade reprodutiva e que não pariam havia um ano ou mais. Das 85 éguas, 24 (28%) apresentaram exames compatíveis com endometrite infecciosa. Destas, em 20% (5/24), confirmou-se endometrite com envolvimento fúngico. Os fungos isolados foram: Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis associadas ao Bacillus sp. em uma égua; C. albicans em duas fêmeas (uma associada a Escherichia coli); um caso de Trichosporon penicillatum e um de T. capitatum. Todos animais diagnosticados com endometrite fúngica apresentaram inflamações endometriais moderadas, nos exames de citologia e no histopatológico, sendo estes achados compatíveis com o histórico e o exame reprodutivo destes animais. Destacou-se a presença constante de linfócitos e plasmócitos nos dois exames, assim como das lesões degenerativas no endométrio através da biópsia endometrial. Em 80% (4/5) constataram-se estruturas fúngicas na citologia endometrial, porém no exame histopatológico, não foi possível detectar tais estruturas. Após o estudo pode-se afirmar que a metodologia utilizada foi eficiente para diagnosticar a endometrite fúngica, com destaque para o exame de citologia endometrial, e que este tipo de endometrite teve caráter crônico em todos os animais.

The aim of the present study was to determine the causes and clinical findings of endometritis. The history, reproductive examination and endometrials culture, uterine cytology and biopsy from 85 mares in reproductive age that did not foal a year or more were performed. Twenty four (28%) out of 85 mares had signals compatible with infectious endometritis. From those, 20% (5/24) had fungal involvement, and the agents were: Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, in association to Bacillus sp. in one mare; two mares had C. albicans, and one of them associated with Escherichia coli; a case of Trichosporon penicillatum and another of T. capitatum. All animals with fungal endometritis presented moderate endometrial inflammation, at cytology and uterine biopsy, which was compatible with the animal's history and reproductive exam. The endometrial cytology and biopsy revealed numerous lymphocytes and plasmocytes as well as the degenerative lesions in the endometrial biopsy. Fungal structures were presented at the endometrial cytology smears in 80% (4/5) of the mares, however those structures were not detected in the biopsy. In conclusion, the methodology used was efficient to diagnose fungal endometritis, with standing for the examination of endometrial cytology, and the fungal endometritis had chronic character in all animals.

Endometrite fúngica em éguas: diagnóstico e implicações clínico-patológicas / Fungal endometritis in mares: diagnosisand clinicopathological aspects

Este estudo objetivou estabelecer a etiologia e achados clínico-patológicos das endometrites fúngicas. Para tal, realizou-seanamnese, exame ginecológico, cultura, citologia e biópsia endometriais em 85 éguas em idade reprodutiva e que não pariamhavia um ano ou mais. Das 85 éguas, 24 (28%) apresentaram exames compatíveis com endometrite infecciosa. Destas, em 20%(5/24), confirmou-se endometrite com envolvimento fúngico. Os fungos isolados foram: Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis associadas ao Bacillus sp. em uma égua; C. albicans em duas fêmeas (uma associada a Escherichia coli); um caso de Trichosporon penicillatum e um de T. capitatum. Todos animais diagnosticados com endometrite fúngica apresentaraminflamações endometriais moderadas, nos exames de citologia e no histopatológico, sendo estes achados compatíveis com o histórico e o exame reprodutivo destes animais. Destacou-se a presença constante de linfócitos e plasmócitos nos dois exames, assim como das lesões degenerativas no endométrio através da biópsia endometrial. Em 80% (4/5) constataram-se estruturasfúngicas na citologia endometrial, porém no exame histopatológico, não foi possível detectar tais estruturas. Após o estudo pode-seafirmar que a metodologia utilizada foi eficiente para diagnosticar a endometrite fúngica, com destaque para o exame de citologiaendometrial, e que este tipo de endometrite teve caráter crônico em todos os animais.

The aim of the present study was to determine the causes and clinical findings of endometritis. The history, reproductive examinationand endometrials culture, uterine cytology and biopsy from 85 mares in reproductive age that did not foal a year or more wereperformed. Twenty four (28%) out of 85 mares had signals compatible with infectious endometritis. From those, 20% (5/24) hadfungal involvement, and the agents were: Candida guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, in association to Bacillus sp. inone mare; two mares had C. albicans, and one of them associated with Escherichia coli; a case of Trichosporon penicillatum andanother of T. capitatum. All animals with fungal endometritis presented moderate endometrial inflammation, at cytology and uterinebiopsy, which was compatible with the animal’s history and reproductive exam. The endometrial cytology and biopsy revealednumerous lymphocytes and plasmocytes as well as the degenerative lesions in the endometrial biopsy. Fungal structures werepresented at the endometrial cytology smears in 80% (4/5) of the mares, however those structures were not detected in the biopsy.In conclusion, the methodology used was efficient to diagnose fungal endometritis, with standing for the examination of endometrialcytology, and the fungal endometritis had chronic character in all animals.

Diagnóstico bacteriológico, citológico e histopatológico da endometrite equina

A endometrite é uma das principais causas de infertilidade equina, com considerável impacto econômico. Porém, não existeconsenso sobre o método ideal de diagnóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os achados bacteriológicos, citológicose histopatológicos de 21 éguas com histórico de infertilidade. Escherichia coli (10 cepas), estreptococos do grupo C [(EGC),Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (4) e Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (3)], Enterococcus sp. (3) eStaphylococcus aureus (2) foram isolados de secreção uterina de 13 animais. Em oito animais foram isoladas espécies nãopatogênicas. Resistência à cefalotina, clindamicina, eritromicina, penicilina e tetraciclina foi observada entre as espécies.Esfregaços contendo células da parede uterina foram classificados quanto ao grau de inflamação em leve (6), moderada ouintensa (12) e ausência de inflamação (3). Infiltrados celulares foram observados em todos os fragmentos de biópsia, comgrau de intensidade variando entre moderado e intenso. O isolamento de E. coli foi significativamente associado à inflamaçãointensa, enquanto a presença de espécies não patogênicas foi significativamente relacionada com a ausência de processoinflamatório.

Evaluating an experimental dentifrice containing chloramine-T: a preliminary study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of an experimental dentifrice (CH) containing an antimicrobial agent (1% chloramine-T). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical, fully randomised, double-blind comparative study was designed for 30 selected patients aged 15 to 50 years, with no periodontal disease, decay or other oral diseases, good general health and the presence of dental plaque and sulcus bleeding. Baseline Turesky modified plaque index (PI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were scored for all patients. Volunteers randomly received the experimental dentifrice (CH) or a commercial-brand dentifrice containing triclosan (TR). Both dentifrices were provided in identical, number-labelled tubes, and the subjects were instructed to use the supplied dentifrice only for their usual oral hygiene, three times a day for a duration of 7 days. After 7-day use of dentifrices, the PI and SBI were assessed again. The data obtained were subjected to the Kruskal­ Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test. RESULTS: After 7-day use of dentifrices, the PI scores diminished significantly for both evaluated dentifrices. The SBI values decreased significantly for both experimental and commercial-brand dentifrices. CONCLUSIONS: Both dentifrices reduced PI and SBI. By comparing the experimental and gold-standard dentifrice, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the PI and SBI scores after their use, suggesting that they exerted a similar effect on the oral health indexes.

Consejería en anticoncepción para adolescentes y jóvenes / Adolescent and youth contraconceptive couselling

La adhesión por parte de las mujeres adultas y peor aún, de los adolescentes a regular su fertilidad para tener los hijos deseados en momentos oportunos es todavía baja y altos los índices de embarazos inoportunos. Una de las causas es la inadecuada consulta por anticoncepción especialmente hacia los adolescentes por no estar debidamente preparados para una verdadera consejería.

Breast problems and diseases in puberty.

Consultation regarding mammary pathology is frequent in teenagers; therefore gynaecologists and paediatricians must train to treat it appropriately, since it is different from the one observed in adult women. The main pathologies at this stage are mastalgias, development anomalies and benign tumours originating in fibro-connective tissue.

Efectos del cloruro de cobalto sobre el epitelio de unión y epitelio reducido del esmalte del primer molar superior de rata / Effects of cobalt chloride in junctional epithelium and reduced enamel epithelium of the rat maxillary first molar

El cobalto es uno de los principales componentes de las aleaciones metálicas fundidas, usadas frecuentemente en odontología. El metal es el constituyente de 45 a 70 por ciento de los trabajos protéticos. En virtud de la existencia de evidencias que elementos metálicos pueden causar toxicidad sistémica y local, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del cobalto sobre el epitelio de unión y el epitelio del esmalte del primer molar superior de rata, durante la lactancia. Con esa finalidad fueron usadas ratas con 1 día de vida postnatal, cuyas madres recibieron 300 mg de cloruro de cobalto por litro de agua destilada en el bebedero, durante a la lactancia. Al cabo de 21 días, las crías fueron sacrificadas con sobredosis anestésica. Las cabezas fueron separadas, fijadas en "alfac", descalcificadas e incluidas en parafina. Fueron utilizados cortes frontales seriados teñidos con hematoxilina y eosina. Fueron estimados los siguientes parámetros nucleares: diámetros mayor, menor y geométrico medio, relación entre diámetros, perímetro, área, volumen, relación entre volumen y área, excentricidad, coeficiente de forma e índice de contorno. Mediante métodos estereológicos fueron evaluados: relación núcleo/citoplasma, volumen celular, densidad numérica celular, relación superficie externa/camada basal, espesor de las camadas epiteliales y densidad de superficie. Todos los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico mediante la prueba no-paramétrica de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Los núcleos de los tejidos estudiados mostraron valores menores para diámetros, perímetro, área, volumen y relación volumen/área. Estereológicamente, fue posible observar en el epitelio de unión y en el epitelio reducido del esmalte, células menores con citoplasma más escaso, lo que se refleja en mayor número de células por mm3 de tejido. En este estudio, el cobalto ocasionó un cuadro de atrofia epitelial, sugiriendo una acción directa sobre los epitelios de unión y del esmalte.

Cobalt is one of the main components of cast metal alloys broadly used in dentistry. It is the constituent of 45 to 70 percent of numerous prosthetic works. There are evidences that metal elements cause systemic and local toxicity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cobalt on the junctional epithelium and reduced enamel epithelium of the first superior molar in rats, during lactation. To do this, 1-day old rats were used, whose mothers received 300mg of cobalt chloride per liter of distilled water in the drinker, during lactation. After 21 days, the rat pups were killed with an anesthetic overdose. The heads were separated, fixed in "alfac", decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Frontal sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were employed. Karyometric methods allowed to estimate the following parameters: biggest, smallest and mean diameters, D/d ratio, perimeter, area, volume, volume/area ratio, eccentricity, form coefficient and contour index. Stereologic methods allow to evaluate: cytoplasm/nucleus ratio, cell and cytoplasm volume, cell number density, external surface/basal membrane ratio, thickness of the epithelial layers and surface density. All the collected data were subjected to statistic analysis by the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. The nuclei of the studied tissues showed smaller values after karyometry for: diameters; perimeter, area, volume and volume/area ratio. Stereologically, it was observed, in the junctional epithelium and in the reduced enamel epithelium, smaller cells with scarce cytoplasm, reflected in the greater number of cells per mm3 of tissue. In this study, cobalt caused epithelial atrophy, indicating a direct action on the junctional and enamel epithelium.

A influência da disposição das cerdas de escovas dentais manuais na remoção de placa dental / The influence of manual toothbrush bristle arrangement on dental plaque removal

This crossover study aimed to compare plaque removal efficiency of two manual toothbrushes with identical design, the exception being the pattern of bristle arrangement. Twenty-six subjects were selected following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dental plaque was scored before and after seven days of use of each toothbrush (Sanifill Smooth® – T1 andSanifill Active Smooth® – T2) employing the Turesky Plaque Index. Plaque Index values were handled with parametrical statistics employing Analysis of Variance (p<0.05) and, later, the Tukey Test. At the end of the trial, each subject was asked which toothbrush they preferred. Results: plaque scores for toothbrush T1 were not statistically different from those for toothbrush T2. Subjects showed a distinct preference for toothbrush T1. Conclusion: there was no differencein terms of plaque removal when toothbrushes T1 and T2 were compared, although patients showed a higher preference for toothbrush T1. Thus the different toothbrushes bristles arrangements did not influence the dental plaque removal.

Este estudo cruzado se propôs a comparar a eficiência de remoção de placa dental de duas escovas manuais com modelos idênticos, exceto para o padrão da disposição das cerdas. Vinte e seis sujeitos foram selecionados de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Placa dental foi mensurada antes e após sete dias de uso com cada uma das escovas (Sanifill Smooth® – T1 and Sanifill Active Smooth® – T2) utilizando-se o Índice de Placa de Turesky. No final do estudo, cada paciente foi questionado sobre qual a escova preferida. Os valores do Índice de Placa para T1 não foram estatisticamente diferentes para os da escova T2. Não houve diferença em termos de remoção de placa quando as escovas T1 e T2 foram comparadas, embora os pacientes tenham demonstrado grande preferência pela escova T1. Assim, as diferenças nas disposições das cerdas das escovas dentais manuais não influenciaram na remoção de placa dental.