Cross-infections between fallow deer and domestic ruminants with large lungworms (Dictyocaulus spp.).

Groups of four deer each were experimentally infected with larvae of Dictyocaulus (D.) eckerti (from fallow deer) or D. viviparus (from cattle) or D. filaria (from sheep), groups of four cattle each with D. viviparus or D. eckerti and groups of 4 lambs each with D. filaria or D. eckerti. The animals were daily examined coprologically following the 16th day post infectionem. The animals were slaughtered at different times and the lungs were dissected. With the exception of the infection of the sheep with D. eckerti from fallow deer, the mutual infections of the different hosts with the lungworm species became patent. Lungworms could be isolated. Fallow deer proved to be more susceptible to an infection with D. viviparus than cattle to an infection with D. eckerti. The large lungworms which naturally infest fallow deer and cattle, D. eckerti and D. viviparus respectively, can be distinguished according to the morphology of their mouth capsules, especially in the structure of the buccal ring. These features were also present after infection of the heterologous hosts.

[Experiences with the use of BAYVAROL STRIPS in beehives in warehouses and post-treatment hives for control of varroatosis under practice conditions]. / Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung von BAYVAROL STRIPS bei Bienenvölkern in Magazinen und Hinterbehandlungsbeuten zur Bekämpfung der Varroatose unter Praxisbedingungen.

BAYVAROL STRIPS are a highly efficient remedy against varroatosis. When applied according to the directions for use, the bee colonies can be protected from Varroa induced collapse in the late summer. Moreover BAYVAROL STRIPS help in the development of healthy winter bees and guarantee the hibernation of strong bee colonies. A change of nowadays control strategy is possible only when breeding of bees resistant to Varroa jacobsoni will succeed (Büchler, 1992).

[The behavior of hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte count) and clinicochemical values in plasma (glucose, total proteins, alpha-amino-N, urea, pepsinogen, ascorbic acid, Fe, Cu, Zn) and the content of ascorbic acid in liver, spleen and adrenal glands in healthy lambs and lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis]. / Das Verhalten hämatologischer Parameter (Hämoglobin, Hämatokrit, Leukozytenzahl) und klinisch-chemischer Kennwerte im Plasma (Glucose, Gesamtprotein, alpha-Amino-N, Harnstoff, Pepsinogen, Ascorbinsäure, Fe, Cu, Zn) sowie der Gehalt an Ascorbinsäure in Leber, Milz und Nebennieren bei gesunden und bei mit Haemonchus contortus und Trichostrongylus colubriformis infizierten Lämmern.

In 8 healthy, noninfected lambs with an initial body weight (b. w.) of 24.79 +/- 1.16 kg as well as in 3 groups of lambs (n = 8 per group) of a similar body weight after an inoculation with 3rd stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus (2500) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (10,000) analyses of the blood plasma were performed for 45 days thereafter. On the 37th day after infection ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg b. w.) was administered per os respectively subcutaneously to the lambs of 2 groups. After 7 and 8 days the content of ascorbic acid in the liver, the spleen and the adrenals as well as that of vitamin A in the liver was analysed. The behaviour of the values influenced by a moderate infection with trichostrongylid nematodes is discussed.

[Fascioliasis in moufflons]. / Zur Fasziolose beim Muffelwild.

Subacute fascioliasis was diagnosed by pathomorphological and parasitological investigations on 13 dead moufflons (Ovis ammon musimon) from a herd of 21 animals (mortality 62%) which had succumbed between January and April 1988. The flock had been kept on meadow in the so-called Leipziger Auenwald. The main findings like severe hepatitis traumatica fasciolosa, fibrinous and fibrous perihepatitis, chronic interstitial hepatitis (pseudocirrhosis), cholangitis fasciolosa (X 13), wasting (X 8), heart dilatation (X 10), lung oedema (X 12), anemia (X 5), ascites (X 3), gut oedema (X 3) and occasionally observed lesions are described in detail and discussed with regard to diagnosis and pathogenicity. Beside severe infection with Fasciola hepatica (juvenile and adult flukes) the parasitological investigation demonstrated, in some cases, various additional but unimportant infections with protostrongylids, gastro-intestinal nematodes, coccidia (X 2) and Moniezia expansa (X 1). The analysis of meteorological data (January 1987 till March 1988) established optimal conditions for F. hepatica development stages and Galba truncatula so that high multiplication and infection rates of the snails and long surviving of metacercariae must be assumed.

[The effect of UV rays on parasitic arthropods. 3. In vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of a fractionated UV irradiation on the development stages of Psoroptes cuniculi (Acaridida: Psoroptidae)]. / Einfluss von UV-Strahlen auf parasitische Arthropoden. 3. Mitteilung: Untersuchungen in vitro und in vivo über den Einfluss einer fraktionierten UV-Bestrahlung auf Entwicklungsstadien von Psoroptes cuniculi (Acaridida: Psoroptidae).

In vitro studies were conducted into Psoroptes (Ps.) cuniculi larvae and nymphs of undefined age and gender. 30 males and females were involved in each of the experiments. Evidence was found the life expectancy of mites exposed to daily UV irradiation for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 minutes was reduced with significance, as compared to non-irradiated mites or to those with only one irradiation of the same length. Developmental stages of Ps. cuniculi responded in differentiated ways to the same dose rate, when applied by one single extended or fractionated shorter irradiation. Fractionated irradiation was more often survived by females than one single extended irradiation, whereas earlier death occurred to larvae following exposure to fractionated irradiation. Mange mites were not eliminated from rabbits with moderate ear mange by fractionated locally delimited in vivo irradiation, up to 16 applications of 10 minutes each or 6 or 9 applications of 10, 20 or 40 minutes each, with one-week intervals in between. Ear mange was clinically re-manifested, after irradiations had been discontinued.

[Wound myiasis in cattle infested by Lucilia caesar (Diptera: Calliphoridae)]. / Wundmyiasis beim Rind durch Lucilia caesar (Diptera:Calliphoridae).

A case report on facultative wound myiasis after sectio caesarea in a cow by larvae of Lucilia caesar in May 1986.

[Diagnostic problems of Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acarida: Gamasida: Macronyssidae) infestation in humans]. / Diagnostische Probleme bei einer Ornithonyssus bacoti-Plage (Acarida: Gamasida: Macronyssidae) beim Menschen.

We established an infestation with the tropical rat mite in a baby. At the beginning, the infestation was not recognized. Later it was found that it had already existed for several months, since the baby's third week. The main symptoms of the infestation were nocturnal restlessness and urticaria-like dermatitis, especially in the joint bends of the extremities. The focus of infestation were house rats (Rattus rattus) living in the garret. The Ornithonyssus bacoti mites had got into the living-room through a hole in the ceiling. Control measures against Ornithonyssus bacoti, which were successful within a short time, included eradication of the rats, closing of the hole in the ceiling, acaricide application in the garret and intensive cleaning of the living-room, the baby's nursery table, pram and bassinet.

[A Stomoxys calcitrans outbreak on a dairy farm]. / Stomoxys calcitrans-Plage in einer Milchviehanlage.

In late summer and autumn of 1982 Stomoxys calcitrans disturbed cattle on a dairy farm and scourged the people working there. Both actively and passively Stomoxys calcitrans got into the cowsheds from its nearby breeding sites on open silos. The successful fly control combined sanitary measures with the application of pyrethrum insecticide aerosol.

[Occurrence of housedust mites (Astigmata; Pyroglyphidae) in stables]. / Vorkommen von Hausstaubmilben (Astigmata; Pyroglyphidae) in Stallungen.

Occurrence of house-dust mites (Astigmata; Pyroglyphidae) in stables. The house-dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae was found in 5 samples derived from a conventional henhouse with fowls and pigeons and from a test animal hutch with rats, mice and rabbits. 63 samples derived from conventional sheds, pigsties and hutches as well as from conventional henhouses and large-scale poultry farms showed negative results. Besides mites of the family Pyroglyphidae mites of the Tyroglyphidae family and/or mucedine were found, which affect the development of mite populations. House-dust mites should be considered in the etiology of allergic diseases of dog, cat and livestock.

[Immunodiagnosis of gasterophilosis]. / Untersuchungen zur Immundiagnostik der Gasterophilose.

Research into the immunological diagnosis of gasterophilosis. So far there have been no reliable methods of diagnosing equine gasterophilosis intra vitam. Horses from the G.D.R. and the M.P.R. spontaneously infected with Gasterophilus spp. were tested for antibodies by the immunotechniques of counterimmunoelectrophoresis after Pesendorfer, passive haemagglutination and the intradermal test using antigen made from larvae of all 6 Gasterophilus spp. present in the palaearctis. All 3 techniques produced positive results. The intradermal injection produced an immediate reaction. A correlation between the infestation degree of Gasterophilus larvae and the intensity of the immunoreaction tested has not been found so far.

[Contribution to the parasitic fauna of the GDR (German Democratic Republic). 7. Occurrence of Gasterophilus larvae (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in horses]. / Beiträge zur Parasitenfauna der DDR.) 7. Mitteilung. Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Gasterophilus-Larven (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) bei Pferden.

Observations were carried out from May 1977 to May 1980 on occurrence, fauna, and seasonal dynamics of Gasterophilus spp. in 2,539 horses for butchering from all districts of the German Democratic Republic and also in 79 horses after control against gasterophilosis. 99.98% of the 13,742 second and third instar larvae of horses for butchering were Gasterophilus intestinalis, only 0.02% Gasterophilus nasalis. Out of 7,765 larvae passed after control measures Gasterophilus intestinalis dominated with more than 96%. Only in four districts of the German Democratic Republic Gasterophilus nasalis was found. The mean extensive invasion from 1977 to 1980 was 8.7%, the mean intensive invasion 33.4 +/- 3.16 larvae/infected horse, the number of larvae ranging between 2 and 576 per horse. From 1977/78 to 1979/80 the intensive invasion increased from 25.8 +/- 2.74 to 58.6 +/- 3.49 larvae/infected horse. Peaks of extensive invasion appeared in April, May and October. From October to February the horses harboured both second and third instar larvae of Gasterophilus spp. The occurrence of gasterophilosis is concentrated in the northern parts of the German Democratic Republic.

[The importance of the Musca domestica antagonist Ophyra aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae). I. The appearance of Ophyra aenescens in animal production facilities]. / Zur Bedeutung der Musca domestica-Antagonisten Ophyra aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae). I. Zum Auftreten von Ophyra aenescens in Anlagen der Tierproduktion.

Report on the occurrence of Ophyra aenescens as a parasitoid of Musca domestica in a pig fattening farm. Discussion of the possible utilization of this antagonism for the non-chemical, integrated control of flies in large stables.

[Varroatosis--a new mite pest of the honeybee in Europe]. / Varroatose--eine neue Milbenseuche der Honigbiene in Europa.

Notes on spreading, constitution, diagnosis, and control of Varroa jacobsonii OUDEMANS, 1904, the causal agent of a new mite pest in European honey bees.

[Problems of the ectoparasite control in the Mongolian People's Republic]. / Probleme der Ektoparasitenbekämpfung in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik.

The co-operation between G.D.R. and M.P.R. in the field of control of ectoparasites in farm animals is described. The problems under the specific conditions of the M.P.R. in the control of the principal parasitoses of economic importance such as hypodermosis, mange, tick infestations, oestrosis, vermipsyllosis, gasterophilosis and wohlfahrtiosis are analysed. The successfully applied hypodermosis control program represents the base for further systematic, state-directed strategic measures in controlling of ectoparasitoses.