Efficiency of cavitary varnishes containing experimental bioglass particles in the occlusion of dentinal tubules.

This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of cavitary varnishes containing experimental bioglasses in the occlusion of dentinal tubules. One hundred and sixty-eight cervical buccal dentin samples were obtained from bovine teeth. Samples were randomized into the following groups: I. Distilled Water (DW); II. Cavity Varnish (CV); III. Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Relief™ (CS); IV. 45S5 Bioglass (45S5); V. KSr Bioglass strontium potassium (KSr); VI. P Bioglass phosphorus (P); and VII. PSi Bioglass phosphorus silica (PSi). The treatments were applied to the surfaces of the samples, which were then subjected to simulated brushing. The samples were analyzed for a) characterization of bioactive glasses; b) surface roughness; c) descriptive analysis of the dentin surface; d) total versus occluded number of dentinal tubules; e) diameter of the dentinal tubules; f) chemical composition of the dentin surfaces, and g) dentin permeability. All groups treated with biomaterials without the brushing challenge showed an increase in roughness and (total or partial) occlusion of the dentinal tubules. The PSi group had the best values for occlusion, while the KSr group had the highest calcium and phosphorus concentrations. After the brushing challenge the roughness was controlled by the presence of biomaterials; 45S5, KSr, and PSi showed occlusion of the dentin tubules. All bioactive glasses showed reduced tooth permeability compared to distilled water. The PSi group had the smallest tubule diameter and highest phosphorus concentration. KSr and PSi bioglasses are promising materials for dentin occlusion and remineralization and are promising new biomaterials for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Implications of MTHFD2 expression in renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of cancer in kidney and is often diagnosed in advanced stages. Until now, there is no reliable biomarker to assess tumor prognosis during histopathological diagnosis. The Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) overexpression has been suggested as prognostic indicator for RCC, however, its protein profile needs to be clarified. This study investigated the MTHFD2 expression in different RCC cohorts, associating it with tumor characteristics and prognostic factors. Gene expression comparisons between non-neoplastic (NN) and tumor samples, as well as patients' survival analysis, were assessed using KM-Plotter tool. MTHFD2 protein pattern was evaluated in 117 RCC by immunohistochemistry and associations with prognosis, clinical and pathological data were investigated. The tumors exhibited higher MTHFD2 transcript levels than NN, being even higher in the metastatic group. Opposite gene expression patterns were found among clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pappilary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) subtypes, showing higher and lower expressions compared to NN samples respectively. Overexpression was associated with shorter overall survival for ccRCC and pRCC subtypes, and shorter recurrence-free survival for pRCC. The immunolabeling profile varied according to tumor subtypes, with lower intensity and expression scores in ccRCC compared to pRCC and to chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). MTHFD2 protein expression was associated with larger tumors and higher Fuhrman grades. Although prognostic value of protein immunostaining was not confirmed, patients with higher MTHFD2 tended to have lower survival rates in the pRCC group. The results highlight MTHFD2 different patterns according to RCC histological subtypes, revealing marked variations at both the genetic and protein levels. The mRNA indicated tumor prognosis, and greater expression in the tumor samples. Although MTHFD2 immunolabeling suggests tumor aggressiveness, it needs to be validated in other cohorts as potential prognostic factor.

Nanoparticles and phototherapy combination as therapeutic alternative in prostate cancer: A scoping review.

Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide. Despite the existing surgical techniques, prostatectomy patients may experience tumor recurrence. In addition, castration-resistant cancers pose a challenge, especially given their lack of response to standard care. Thus, the development of more efficient therapies has become a field of great interest, and photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are promising alternatives, given their high capacity to cause cell injury and consequent tumor ablation. Phototherapy, along with chemotherapy, has also been shown to be more effective than pharmacotherapy alone. Free molecules used as photosensitizers are rapidly cleared from the body, do not accumulate in the tumor, and are primarily hydrophobic and require toxic solvents. Thus, the use of nanoparticles can be an effective strategy, given their ability to carry or bind to different molecules, protecting them from degradation and allowing their association with other surface ligands, which favors permeation and retention at the tumor site. Despite this, there is still a gap in the literature regarding the use of phototherapy in association with nanotechnology for the treatment of CaP. In this scoping review, it was found that most of the particles studied could act synergistically through PDT and PTT. In addition, fluorescent quenchers can act as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, future clinical studies should be performed to confirm the benefits and safety of the combination of nanoparticles and phototherapy for CaP.

O método Pilates como opção terapêutica para as queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas em mulheres idosas / The Pilates method as a treatment option for musculoskeletal pain complaints in elderly women

Resumo Introdução O processo de envelhecimento está relacionado a alterações fisiológicas que podem comprometer a autonomia, a independência e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Objetivo Avaliar a prática de exercícios físicos com o método Pilates e sua relação com a melhora da qualidade de vida e redução das queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas em um grupo de mulheres idosas. Método Participaram do estudo 31 mulheres entre 40 e 86 anos que realizaram exercícios de Pilates solo durante oito semanas. Na coleta dos dados, foram utilizados os instrumentos SF-36 e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Após oito semanas, foi realizada a reavaliação com os mesmos instrumentos. Resultados O componente físico do SF-36 evoluiu de 58,5% para 90,5%, e o componente mental pontuou 93,5%, apresentando melhora evidente nestes domínios após os exercícios, e as queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas diminuíram em metade da amostra. Conclusão O Pilates foi associado com a redução das queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas e com a melhora da qualidade de vida nos domínios estudados.

Abstract Background The demographic and epidemiological profile of the world population experiences a restructuring of health policies, due to the prevalence of chronic non-transmissible diseases associated with longevity. Health promotion and quality of life contribute to active aging and change the aging paradigm associated with functional dependency and reduced autonomy. Objective To evaluate the relationship between Pilates exercise practice and improved quality of life and reduced musculoskeletal pain complaints in a group of elderly women. Method In the study, 31 women between 40 and 86 years old performed Pilates solo exercises for 8 weeks. Data were collected using SF-36 instruments and the Nordic Osteomuscular Symptoms Questionnaire. After 8 weeks, a reevaluation with the same instruments was performed. Results The SF-36 physical component evolved from 58.5% to 90.5%, and the mental component scored 93.5%, showing an evident improvement in these domains after exercise, and complaints of musculoskeletal pain decreased by half the sample. Conclusion Pilates was associated with reducing complaints of musculoskeletal pain, as well as improving the quality of life in the studied domains.

Caregivers of older adults in palliative care: level of burden and depressive symptoms / Cuidadores de idosos em cuidados paliativos: nível de sobrecarga e sintomas depressivos

Abstract Introduction The burden perceived by informal caregivers of older adult cancer patients in palliative care is an incessant daily repetitiveness, and can negatively affect their physical and mental health, as well as their social and family life. Objective To assess the level of burden and the intensity of depressive symptoms in caregivers, and the dependence of the older adults for basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Methods This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, composed of 20 caregivers and 20 older adults with cancer in palliative care. Caregivers and older adults were administered the socio-economic and demographic profile assessment. For the caregivers, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. For the older adults, the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz Index ADL) and the Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scales (Lawton and Brody IADL scales) were used. Data were represented in absolute and percentage values. Results Caregivers were predominantly female, mostly daughters of the older adults, married or with a partner, with elementary school education, income of 1 to 3 times the minimum wage, and had a sedentary lifestyle. A moderate level of burden was verified in 75% of the caregivers, and mild to moderate depressive symptoms in 45%. The assessment of ADL in older adults found that 55% were independent in all six functions, with greater dependence (75%) in ADL for housekeeping such as laundry (85%) and driving vehicles (90%). Conclusion Caregivers of older adults cancer patients in palliative care show moderate level of burden, and mild to moderate depressive symptoms.

Resumo Introdução A sobrecarga vivenciada por cuidadores informais de idosos com câncer em cuidados paliativos em uma repetitividade diária incessante pode afetar negativamente a saúde física e mental, bem como a vida social e familiar do cuidador. Objetivo Avaliar o nível de sobrecarga e a intensidade de sintomas depressivos nos cuidadores e a dependência para as atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária dos idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal e descritivo, composto por 20 cuidadores e 20 idosos com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Os cuidadores e os idosos foram submetidos à avaliação do perfil socioeconômico e demográfico. Quanto à avaliação dos cuidadores, utilizaram-se o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física- IPAQ, a escala Zarit Burden Interview e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Para a avaliação dos idosos, o índice de Katz para as atividades básicas da vida diária (ABVD) e a escala de Lawton e Brody para atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). Os dados foram representados em valores absolutos e percentuais. Resultados Houve predomínio de cuidadores do sexo feminino, a maioria filha dos idosos, casadas ou com companheiro, com ensino fundamental I, renda de 1 a 3 salários mínimos e sedentárias, sendo constatado nível de sobrecarga moderado em 75% dos cuidadores e sintomas depressivos de leves a moderados em 45%. Quanto à avaliação das ABVD nos idosos, constatou-se que 55% eram independentes nas seis funções, com maior dependência (75%) em AIVD para trabalhos domésticos como lavar roupas (85%) e condução de veículos (90%). Conclusão Os cuidadores de idosos com câncer em cuidados paliativos apresentam nível de sobrecarga moderado e sintomas depressivos de leves a moderados.

Epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma in northeast Brazil.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to delineate the epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at a healthcare service in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed involving the quantitative analysis of 51 medical records from patients diagnosed with SCC between 1998 and 2013. All patients aged ≤50 years were included in the study. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's χ2 -test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann-Whitney U-test, with the level of significance set at 5% (P < .05). RESULTS: The mean age was 46 ± 7.94 years, and males accounted for 80.4% of the sample. The tongue was the most affected site (37.3%). Most tumors were classified as stage III (26.3%) or IV (42.1%). Surgery associated with chemotherapy was the most common therapeutic approach (39.3%). Female patients had a lower mean age (P = .013) and less advanced clinical staging (P = .022). Smoking was more associated with male sex (P = .043). CONCLUSION: SCC in young patients is more common in males aged 46 ± 7.94 years, with the tongue being the most affected anatomic site. Important differences were found in clinical-epidemiological features between young men and women.

Sarcoma de Kaposi em Paciente Jovem Imunocompetente: uma Quinta Variante Epidemiológica? ­ Relato de Caso / Kaposi's Sarcoma in Young Immunocompetent Patient: a Fifth Epidemiological Variant? ­ Case Report / Sarcoma de Kaposi em Paciente Joven Inmunocompetente: ¿una Quinta Variante Epidemiológica? ­ Informe de Caso

Introdução: O sarcoma de Kaposi apresenta, classicamente, quatro tipos de variantes: clássico, endêmico, associado à imunossupressão (ou iatrogênico) e epidêmico (ou relacionado à Aids). Todos esses subtipos estão relacionados ao herpes-vírus humano 8. Uma quinta variante clínico-epidemiológica vem sendo proposta na literatura, que inclui uma apresentação visceral da doença no grupo de homens que fazem sexo com homens sem fatores de imunossupressão identificados. Relato de caso: Descreve-se o caso de um paciente masculino de 24 anos de idade, de orientação homossexual, sem fatores de imunossupressão, com apresentação linfonodal de sarcoma de Kaposi, e sem outros fatores que o incluam dentro das classificações da doença atualmente conhecidas. O paciente recebeu tratamento quimioterápico com paclitaxel, atingindo resposta completa e mantida até o momento, 42 meses após o término do tratamento. Conclusão: Esse caso reforça que a patogênese do sarcoma de Kaposi ainda é pouco clara, e que provavelmente múltiplos fatores, tanto do vírus como do hospedeiro, interajam entre si para desencadear a carcinogênese. É possível que o hábito sexual não encerre relação com essa patogênese, comportando-se apenas como fator confundidor. O paciente apresentou toxicidade mínima durante o tratamento com paclitaxel e atingiu resposta completa e mantida.

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma classically presents four types of variants: classic, endemic, immunosuppression-associated (or iatrogenic) and epidemic (or AIDS-associated). All subtypes are invariably linked to human herpesvirus-8. A fifth clinical-epidemiological variant has been proposed in the literature, which includes a visceral presentation of the disease in the group of men who have sex with men without detected immunosuppressive factors. Case Report: We report the case of a 24-year-old male patient with a homosexual orientation without immunosuppressive factors, diagnosed with KS, with lymph node involvement, and without other disease characteristics that could include him within the currently known four types of Kaposi sarcoma classification. The patient received chemotherapy with paclitaxel, evolving with complete and sustained reponse until now, 42 months after the ending of treatment. Conclusion: This case reinforces that the pathogenesis of KS is still unclear, and that probably multiple factors, both virus and host, interact with each other to trigger carcinogenesis. It is possible that the sexual habit does not influence this pathogenesis, behaving only as a confounding factor. The patient had minimal toxicity during treatment with paclitaxel and achieved a complete and sustained response.

Introducción: El sarcoma de Kaposi presenta, clásicamente, cuatro tipos de variantes: clásico, endémico, asociado a inmunosupresión (o iatrogénico) y epidémico (o relacionado a SIDA). Todos estos subtipos están relacionados con el virus del herpes humano tipo 8 (HHV-8). Una quinta variante clínica-epidemiológica está en estudio, incluye una presentación visceral de la enfermedad en un grupo de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres sin factores de inmunosupresión de causa detectada. Informe de Caso: Se desarrolló un estudio sobre un paciente masculino de 24 años de edad, de orientación homosexual, sin factores de inmunosupresión, presentando diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi con característica linfonodal de la enfermedad, y sin otros factores que incluyan dentro de las clasificaciones de sarcoma de Kaposi actualmente conocidas. El paciente recibió tratamiento quimioterápico con paclitaxel, alcanzando respuesta completa y sostenida hasta el momento, 42 meses después del término del tratamiento. Conclusión: Este caso refuerza que la patogénesis del sarcoma de Kaposi es poco clara, y que probablemente múltiples factores, tanto del virus y del hospedador, interactúan entre sí para desencadenar La carcinogénesis. Es posible que el hábito sexual no encierre relación con esa patogénesis, comportándose apenas como factor confundidor. El paciente presentó toxicidad mínima durante el tratamiento y alcanzó una respuesta completa y sostenida hasta el momento, pudiendo, el paclitaxel, ser considerado una opción sólida para el tratamiento del sarcoma de Kaposi en ese grupo de pacientes con esa variante de presentación.

Atuação fisioterapêutica na sobrecarga física e dor de cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral / Physical therapy intervention in physical stress and pain in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy / Actuación fisioterapéutica en la sobrecarga física y el dolor de cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral

Objetivo: Avaliar a atuação fisioterapêutica na sobrecarga física e na dor autorreferida de cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Métodos: Estudo transversal e longitudinal, realizado em 2017 com 14 cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral que participaram de atuação fisioterapêutica durante cinco semanas consecutivas simultaneamente ao atendimento das crianças, realizado no setor de Fisioterapia em Neuropediatria de um ambulatório de referência do município de São Paulo, Brasil. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se questionário contendo as variáveis escolaridade, sexo, ocupação atual, renda familiar, quantidade de filhos, divisão dos cuidados com outrem, sobrecarga de cuidado, intensidade e localização da dor. Também se utilizou a Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Resultados: Dos participantes, 12 (85,7%) eram do sexo feminino e 10 (71,4%) não tinham vínculo empregatício. A sobrecarga moderada e baixa manteve a mesma proporção em metade da amostra (n=7; 50%) após a atividade fisioterapêutica. A relação entre a presença de dor e sobrecarga moderada continuou presente em 62,5% (n=5), porém a dor pela escala visual analógica diminuiu, pontuando inicialmente entre 1, como a menor nota, e 10, a maior nota. Após a fisioterapia, a pontuação oscilou entre 0 e 4. Conclusão: A continuidade da prestação do cuidado não cessa e, desse modo, não foi encontrada diferença entre a sobrecarga. Entretanto, após a atuação fisioterapêutica e as orientações recebidas quanto ao posicionamento do cuidador ao manejar a criança, observou-se diminuição das queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas autorreferidas em membros superiores dos cuidadores investigados.

Objective: To assess physical therapy intervention in self-reported physical stress and pain in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Longitudinal cross-sectional study carried out in 2017 with 14 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy who participated in physical therapy intervention during five consecutive weeks while children were served in the Department of Neuropediatric Physical Therapy of a reference outpatient clinic in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using a questionnaire addressing gender, current occupation, household income, number of children, shared caregiving, caregiver overload, and intensity and localization of pain. The Caregiver Burden Interview and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were also used. Results: Of the participants, 12 (85.7%) were women and 10 (71.4%) had no employment relationships. Moderate and low overload were found in the same proportion in half of the sample (n=7; 50%) after the physical therapy intervention. The relationship between presence of pain and moderate overload remained present in 62% (n=5) of the participants, but the pain in the visual analog scale decreased, with scores ranging 1 ­ the lowest ­ and 10 ­ the highest. After physical therapy, the score ranged 0 to 4. Conclusion: Caregiving is a nonstop activity; therefore, there were no differences in overload. However, after physical therapy and guidance regarding caregivers' posture while handling the child, there was a decrease in self-reported complaints of musculoskeletal pain in the upper limb of the caregivers analyzed.

Objetivo: Evaluar la actuación de la fisioterapia en la sobrecarga física y en el dolor auto referido de cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral. Métodos: Estudio transversal y longitudinal realizado en 2017 con 14 cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral que participan de la actuación de la fisioterapia durante cinco semanas seguidas en las consultas de los niños realizado en el sector de Fisioterapia en Neuropedíatria de un ambulatorio de referencia del municipio de São Paulo, Brasil. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario con las variables escolaridad, sexo, ocupación actual, renta familiar, cantidad de hijos, división de los cuidados con otras personas, sobrecarga de cuidado, intensidad y localización del dolor. También se utilizó la Evaluación de la Sobrecarga del Cuidador y la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Resultados: De entre los participantes, 12 (85,7%) eran del sexo femenino y 10 (71,4%) no tenían vinculo de empleo. La sobrecarga moderada y baja se mantuvo en la misma proporción en la mitad de la muestra (n=7; 50%) después de la actividad de fisioterapia. La relación entre la presencia de dolor y la sobrecarga moderada continuó presente en el 62,5% (n=5), sin embargo, el dolor disminuyó a través de la escala visual analógica con la puntuación inicial de 1 como la menor nota y 10 la mayor. La puntuación varió entre 0 y 4 después de la fisioterapia. Conclusión: La continuidad de la asistencia del cuidado no termina y, de ese modo, no ha sido encontrada diferencia entre la sobrecarga. Sin embargo, después de la actuación de la fisioterapia y las orientaciones recibidas sobre el posicionamiento del cuidador al cuidar del niño se observó la disminución de las quejas de dolores musculoesqueléticas auto referidas en los miembros superiores de los cuidadores investigados.

KRAS mutation associated with CD44/CD166 immunoexpression as predictors of worse outcome in metastatic colon cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple stages of carcinogenesis in colon cancer encompass subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSC), responsible for tumor cell transformation, growth and proliferation. CD44 and CD166 proteins are CSC markers associated with cell signaling, adhesion, migration, metastasis and lymphocytic response. The expression of CSC may be modulated by some factors, such as the KRAS gene mutation. OBJECTIVE: Correlate the expression of CD44 and CD166 markers in metastatic colon adenocarcinoma and KRAS mutation status (wild-type/mutated) with clinical pathological features and patients' outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-eight samples of tumor tissue samples of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma were collected from patients treated with CapeOx at the HCFMRP-USP Clinical Oncology Service. Clinical and survival data were collected from medical records. KRAS status was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and analysis of immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD166 proteins was performed by tissue microarray. RESULTS: The expression of CD44 and CD166 were positive in 41% and 43% of patients, respectively, and mutated KRAS was detected in 48% of patients. A significant association was found between CD166 and CD44 expression (p= 0.016), mainly in the wild-type KRAS group (p= 0.042) and patients over 65 years (p= 0.001). CD44-positive patients had 3.7-fold and 5.3-fold greater risk of liver metastasis and lung metastasis, respectively (p< 0.01), compared with CD44-negative patients. CD166-negative patients had 2.7 greater risk of lymph node involvement (0.03), compared with CD166-positive patients. KRAS mutation increased the risk of liver metastasis by 8 times (p< 0.01), and the risk of lung metastasis by 5 times (p= 0.04) in CD44-positive patients. KRAS mutation increased the risk of lymph node involvement by 8 times in CD166-negative patients (p= 0.0007). CONCLUSION: An association between CD44 and CD166 expression was demonstrated in this study. Analysis of KRAS mutation combined with immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD166 identified subgroups of patients with colon adenocarcinoma at higher risk of lymph node involvement by the tumor and development of liver and lung metastasis.

Binge Drinking Associations with Patrons' Risk Behaviors and Alcohol Effects after Leaving a Nightclub: Sex Differences in the "Balada com Ciência" Portal Survey Study in Brazil.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential associations of binge drinking detected at the exit of nightclubs and risk behaviors and alcohol effects just after leaving the venue in a representative sample of Brazilian nightclub patrons according to sex. For this purpose, a portal survey study called Balada com Ciência was conducted in 2013 in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, using a two-stage cluster sampling survey design. Individual-level data were collected in 2422 subjects at the entrance and 1822 subjects at the exit of 31 nightclubs, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) was measured using a breathalyzer. The following day, 1222 patrons answered an online follow-up survey that included questions about risk behaviors and alcohol effects practiced just after leaving the nightclub. Weighted logistic regressions were used to analyze binge drinking associated with risk behaviors by sex. For both sexes, the most prevalent risk behaviors practiced after leaving a nightclub were drinking and driving (men=27.9%; women=20.4%), the use of illicit drugs (men=15.8%; women=9.4%) and risky sexual behavior (men=11.4%; women=6.8%). The practice of binge drinking increased the behavior of illicit drug use after leaving the nightclub by 2.54 times [95% CI: 1.26-5.09] among men who drank and increased the risk of an episode of new alcohol use by 5.80 times [95% CI: 1.50-22.44] among women who drank. Alcoholic blackouts were more prevalent among men [OR=8.92; 95% CI: 3.83-20.80] and women [OR= 5.31; 95% CI: 1.68-16.84] whose BrAC was equivalent to binge drinking compared with patrons with a lower BrAC. Public policies aiming to reduce patrons' BrAC at the exit of nightclubs, such as staff training in responsible beverage service and legislation to prevent alcohol sales to drunk individuals, would be useful to protect patrons from the risk behaviors associated with binge drinking in nightclubs.

Influência de estímulos visuais na escrita de escolares do ensino fundamental / Influence of visual stimuli in the writing of students from the elementary school

No ensino da Língua Portuguesa, a produção de texto escrito é muito importante por ser uma atividade discursiva que possibilita ao estudante se expressar por meio de uma sequência escrita organizada. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário investigar o desenvolvimento da produção textual de escolares bem como quais elementos podem favorecer o seu aprimoramento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência de estímulos visuais na produção escrita de estudantes de 2ª série (3º ano) do Ensino Fundamental de escola pública. Métodos: Foram sujeitos deste estudo 24 escolares sem queixa de alterações na escrita, de ambos os gêneros, estudantes da 2ª série (3º ano) do Ensino Fundamental. Os sujeitos foram solicitados a realizar duas produções escritas, com base em quatro figuras em sequência lógico-temporal e em uma figura de ação. As produções escritas foram analisadas segundo as Competências Comunicativas (Linguística, Genérica e Enciclopédica), adaptadas em protocolo por estudo brasileiro. Análise dos resultados: Na Competência Genérica houve predomínio da narração como tipologia do discurso. No que se refere à Competência Enciclopédica e Linguística não foram encontradas diferenças entre as produções escritas, tanto para a figura de ação quanto para as figuras em sequência. Considerações finais: os estudantes de séries iniciais apresentaram produções simples , com uso predominante do gênero narrativo, talvez por ser o mais ensinado no contexto escolar; e pouco domínio das competências enciclopédica e linguística. Portanto, a produção escrita não foi influenciada pelo tipo de estímulo visual apresentado, uma vez que o escrever ainda é uma tarefa difícil para esses escolares.

Written textual production has a significant importance to the teaching of Portuguese Language, since it is an organized discursive activity which provides to the student the possibility of expressing himself. Therefore, it is required to investigate the development of the textual production of scholars, as well as how to improve it. Consequently, it was aimed to verify the influence of visual stimuli in the written production of Elementary School children from public education. Methods: A total of 24 students from basic education (2nd grade) with no complaints of writing alterations and from both genders participated in the study. The subjects were asked to perform two written productions, based on four figures in logical time sequence and on an action figure. The written productions were analyzed according to the Communicative Skills (Linguistics, Generic and Encyclopedic), adapted protocol by Brazilian study. Analysis of results: Regarding General Competence, it was predominant the utilization of narrative as typology of speech. With regard to Encyclopedic and Linguistic Competences, differences were found between the written productions, both for the action figure and for the figures in sequence. Final considerations: The students of early grades showed simplicity in their productions, with predominant use of narrative genre, perhaps for being the most taught in school context and that requires less of their competences. Accordingly, the written production was not influenced by the type of visual stimulus presented, since writing remains as a difficult task for these children.

Urine storage under refrigeration preserves the sample in chemical, cellularity and bacteriuria analysis of ACS / Armazenamento da urina, sob refrigeração, preserva a amostra nas análises químicas, celularidade e bacteriuria no EAS

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of urine abnormal constituents and sediment (ACS) comprises tests of great diagnostic and prognostic value in clinical practice. When the analysis of ACS cannot be performed within two hours after collection, the sample must be preserved in order to avoid pre-analytical interferences. Refrigeration is the most applied technique due to its cost effectiveness. Moreover, it presents fewer inconveniences when compared to chemical preservation. However, changes in ACS may also occur in samples under refrigeration. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of refrigeration at 2 to 8ºC on the storage of urine samples within 24 hours. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 80 urine samples were selected from patients admitted at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) university hospital, which were tested for ACS at room temperature and stored under refrigeration for 6, 12 and 24 hours. RESULTS: The results showed that refrigeration proved to be effective when compared to samples kept at room temperature, inasmuch as the physical, chemical, microbial and cellularity features were preserved. Nevertheless, crystalluria was present after a 6- hour storage period. CONCLUSION: The tests revealed that cooling preserved cellularity and chemical characteristics of urine samples for up to 12 hours. Nonetheless, the precipitation of crystals was evident in this storage method. Thus, the possible consequences of storing urine samples for ACS test under these conditions should be included in the analysis report.

INTRODUÇÃO: A pesquisa de elementos anormais e sedimentoscopia na urina (EAS) compreende testes de grande valor diagnóstico e prognóstico na prática clínica. Quando a análise do EAS não puder ser realizada dentro de duas horas após a coleta da amostra, esta deve ser conservada para que interferências pré-analíticas sejam evitadas. A refrigeração é a técnica mais utilizada devido ao custo-benefício e por apresentar menos inconvenientes quando comparada com conservantes químicos. No entanto, alterações no EAS também podem ocorrer na amostra sob refrigeração. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da refrigeração entre 2 a 8ºC no armazenamento do EAS por um período de até 24 horas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 80 amostras de urina de pacientes internados no hospital da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) testadas para EAS, à temperatura ambiente, e armazenadas sob refrigeração em 6, 12 e 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a refrigeração foi eficaz quando comparada com amostras mantidas à temperatura ambiente, já que as características físicas, químicas, da celularidade e da microbiota da urina foram preservadas. No entanto, a cristalúria se fez presente desde as 6 horas de armazenamento. CONCLUSÃO: Os testes demonstraram que a refrigeração preservou as características químicas e a celularidade da urina por até 12 horas. No entanto, precipitações de cristais mostraram-se evidentes neste método de armazenamento. Dessa forma, a sugestão de se relatar no laudo as possíveis consequências dessa forma de armazenamento de urina para o EAS pode ser importante.

Clinical-Pathological Correlation of KRAS Mutation Status in Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: KRAS gene mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal tumors. However, studies that have assessed the association between KRAS gene mutation status and disease characteristics report conflicting results. To assess KRAS gene status (mutated or wild-type) and its association with the clinical, epidemiological, and histopathological features of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma as well its association with clinical outcomes. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study in which clinical and histopathological data were collected from the medical records of 65 patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma at the Clinical Oncology Service of the Teaching Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo -HCFMRP-USP) between 2005 and 2012 and analyzed based on their KRAS gene status. RESULTS: KRAS gene mutations were found in 49.2% of the tumors, and G/A (25.5%) and Gly12Asp (34.37%) were the most frequent mutations. Among the investigated clinical features (gender, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), histology, degree of cell differentiation, lymph node ratio, primary tumor site, staging, presence of synchronous metastasis, lung metastasis, and liver metastasis), the association between age less than 65 years with KRAS mutation was statistically significant (P = 0.046). KRAS mutation status did not exhibit a significant correlation with the overall survival of the patients (P = 0.078); however, the cases with KRAS mutation exhibited shorter survival. In the multivariate analysis, synchronous metastasis (P = 0.03) and liver metastasis (P = 0.008) behaved as independent factors of poor prognosis relative to the overall survival of the patients. CONCLUSION: The KRAS mutation status did not exhibit prognostic value in the investigated sample. Among the older patients (> 65 years old), wild-type KRAS was more frequently observed compared to mutated KRAS.

Estímulos visuais e produção escrita de escolares com e sem queixas de alterações na escrita / Visual stimuli and written production of students with and without complaints of writing disorders

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a influência de estímulos visuais na produção escrita de escolares com e sem queixas de alterações na escrita. Para tanto, 50 escolares de 4º e 5º anos, divididos em G1 (sem queixas) e G2 (com queixas) foram instruídos a realizar produções escritas com base em dois diferentes estímulos visuais. Utilizou-se para análise dos dados as Competências Comunicativas, sendo que em relação à Genérica, predominou a narração para ambos os estímulos, nos dois grupos. Quanto à Competência Enciclopédica, somente para as figuras em sequência, houve diferença significante. No que diz respeito à Competência Linguística, houve diferença apenas para a Coesão Global. Não houve influência dos estímulos visuais para ambos os grupos. Entretanto, fatores individuais e sociais podem ter influenciado os resultados obtidos...

This study aimed to verify the influence of visual stimuli on the written production of students with and without complaints of writing disorders. As subjects, it had 50 students from 4th and 5th grades of elementary school divided in G1 (with no complaints) and G2 (with complaints) who were instructed to perform a written production based on two different visual stimuli. Communicative Competence criteria were used in order to analyze the data. Regarding Generic Competence, the narrative genre was the most used for both groups. In relation to Encyclopedic Competence, there was significant difference only for the figures in sequence. Concerning Linguistic Competence, there was difference only in the Global Cohesion. There was no influence of the visual stimuli on the written production for both groups. Nevertheless, individual and social factors might have influenced the results...

Visual stimuli and written production of deaf signers.

PURPOSE: To verify the interference of visual stimuli in written production of deaf signers with no complaints regarding reading and writing. METHODS: The research group consisted of 12 students with education between the 4th and 5th grade of elementary school, with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss, users of LIBRAS and with alphabetical writing level. The evaluation was performed with pictures in a logical sequence and an action picture. The analysis used the communicative competence criteria. RESULTS: There were no differences in the writing production of the subjects for both stimuli. In all texts there was no title and punctuation, verbs were in the infinitive mode, there was lack of cohesive links and inclusion of created words. CONCLUSION: The different visual stimuli did not affect the production of texts.

Influência de estímulos visuais na produção escrita de surdos sinalizadores com queixas de alterações na escrita / Influence of visual stimuli in the written production of deaf signers with complaints of writing impairment

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência de dois tipos de estímulos visuais na produção escrita de surdos sinalizadores com queixas de alterações na escrita. MÉTODOS: Participaram 13 estudantes surdos sinalizadores com queixas de alterações na escrita, sendo sete do gênero masculino e seis do feminino. A média de idade foi de 13 anos, e os sujeitos apresentavam perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau severo ou profundo (pior que 71 dBNA na média das frequências de 500 Hz, 1 e 2 kHz). A escolaridade dos participantes variou de 3ª à 8ª séries do Ensino Fundamental de escolas pública e particular. Os surdos foram avaliados quanto ao desempenho em LIBRAS e realizaram produções escritas com base em estímulos visuais de uma figura de ação e de figuras em sequência, as quais foram analisadas segundo critérios adaptados de acordo com a Teoria das Competências Comunicativas (Genérica, Enciclopédica e Línguística). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Em relação à Competência Genérica, a tipologia do discurso predominante foi a Narração. Quanto às competências Enciclopédica e Linguística, ambas se mostraram prejudicadas independente dos estímulos apresentados. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois tipos de estímulos visuais estudados não propiciaram produções escritas diferenciadas nos surdos sinalizadores com queixas de alterações na escrita.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of two types of visual stimuli in the written production of deaf signers with complaints of reading and writing alterations. METHODS: Participants were 13 deaf students who were users of sign language and had complaints of reading and writing alterations (seven male and six female). Subjects' mean age was 13 years, and they presented severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss (average threshold lower than 71 dBHL in the frequencies of 500 Hz, 1 and 2 kHz). The educational level of participants ranged from 3rd to 8th grades of public and private elementary schools. They were evaluated for their performance in Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS), and carried out written productions based on two visual stimuli: an action picture and a sequence of pictures. The written samples were analyzed according to criteria adapted from the Communicative Competence Theory (Generic, Encyclopedic and Linguistic). Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Regarding the Generic Competence, the predominant type of discourse was Narration. Both Linguistic and Encyclopedic competences were impaired, regardless the stimuli used. CONCLUSION: Both types of visual stimuli used in the study did not provide differentiated written productions in deaf signers with complaints of writing alteration.

Visual stimuli and written production of deaf signers / Estímulos visuais e produção escrita de surdos sinalizadores

PURPOSE: To verify the interference of visual stimuli in written production of deaf signers with no complaints regarding reading and writing. METHODS: The research group consisted of 12 students with education between the 4th and 5th grade of elementary school, with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss, users of LIBRAS and with alphabetical writing level. The evaluation was performed with pictures in a logical sequence and an action picture. The analysis used the communicative competence criteria. RESULTS: There were no differences in the writing production of the subjects for both stimuli. In all texts there was no title and punctuation, verbs were in the infinitive mode, there was lack of cohesive links and inclusion of created words. CONCLUSION: The different visual stimuli did not affect the production of texts.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a interferência de estímulos visuais na escrita de surdos sinalizadores sem queixas de leitura e escrita. MÉTODOS: O grupo de pesquisa foi composto por 12 alunos com escolaridade entre o quarto e o quinto ano do ensino fundamental, com perda neurossensorial de grau severo ou profundo, usuários de Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) e com nível alfabético de escrita. Os sujeitos foram orientados a elaborar um texto para cada estímulo visual apresentado: figuras de sequência lógica e uma figura de ação. A análise foi realizada seguindo-se os critérios das competências comunicativas. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças na produção escrita dos sujeitos da pesquisa para ambos os estímulos. Observou-se ausência de título e pontuação, verbos no modo infinitivo, ausência de elos coesivos e inclusão de palavras inventadas. CONCLUSÃO: Os diferentes estímulos visuais não interferem na produção textual dos sujeitos.