Investigating locations of recurrences with MRI after CRS-HIPEC for colorectal peritoneal metastases.

PURPOSE: Patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM) treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are at high risk of recurrent disease. Understanding where and why recurrences occur is the first step in finding solutions to reduce recurrence rates. Although diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI is not routinely used in the follow-up of CRC patients, it has a clear advantage over CT in detecting the location and spread of (recurrent) PM. This study aimed to identify common locations of recurrence in CRC patients after CRS-HIPEC with MRI. METHOD: This was a single-centre retrospective study of patients with recurrent PM after CRS-HIPEC performed between January 2016 and August 2020. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had both an MRI preoperatively (MRI1) and at the time of recurrent disease (MRI2). Two abdominal radiologists reviewed in consensus and categorized recurrences according to their location on MRI2 and in correlation with previous disease location on prior imaging (MRI1) and the surgical report of the CRS-HIPEC. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included, with a median surgical PCI of 7 (range 3-21) at the time of primary CRS-HIPEC. In total, 68 recurrent metastases were detected on MRI2, of which 14 were extra-peritoneal. Of the remaining 54 PM, 42 (78%) occurred where the peritoneum was damaged due to earlier resections or other surgical procedures (e.g. inserted surgical abdominal drains). Most recurrent metastases were found in the mesentery, lower abdomen/pelvis and abdominal wall (87%). CONCLUSIONS: Most recurrent PMs appeared in the mesentery, lower abdomen/pelvis and abdominal wall, especially where the peritoneum was previously damaged.

Diagnostic performance of MRI for staging peritoneal metastases in patients with colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: MRI improves the selection of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and peritoneal metastases (PM) for cytoreductive surgery by accurately assessing the extent of PM reflected as the peritoneal cancer index (PCI). The performance of MRI after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for staging PM, however is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MRI could also accurately determine the PCI after NACT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-centre, retrospective study of patients with PM from CRC or appendiceal origin who received NACT followed by diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI and surgery from January 2016 to February 2021. Two radiologists assessed the PCI on restaging DW-MRI (mriPCI). The reference standard was the surgical PCI (sPCI). The main outcome was the diagnostic performance of restaging DW-MRI in predicting whether patients were eligible for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), defined as a PCI < 21 with metastases on resectable locations. If CRS-HIPEC was performed, the resected peritoneal lesions were assessed and correlated with the final pathological PCI (pPCI). RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included. Both readers correctly detected all 23 patients with resectable disease. Eight out of ten patients with unresectable disease during staging surgery were detected by both readers with MRI. The intraclass correlation (ICC) between both readers was excellent (0⋅87 (95% CI: 0⋅75 to 0⋅93)). The ICC between pPCI and mriPCI was 0⋅74 (0⋅49-0⋅88) and 0⋅82 (0⋅66-0⋅91) for the 2 readers. Surgical PCI (sPCI) had a similar correlation as mriPCI with pPCI 0⋅82 (0⋅62- 0⋅92)) and 0⋅81 (0⋅57-0⋅92)). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a promising tool to reassess the peritoneal cancer index after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Seeing the whole picture: Added value of MRI for extraperitoneal findings in CRS-HIPEC candidates.

PURPOSE: In colorectal cancer (CRC) patients the selection of suitable cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic peritoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) candidates is based on the location and extent of peritoneal metastases (PM) and presence of extraperitoneal metastases. MRI is increasingly being used to accurately assess the extent of PM, however, the significance of extraperitoneal findings in these scans has never been evaluated before. METHODS: CRC patients who had undergone an additional MRI scan after standard work-up with CT for preoperative staging between January 2016-January 2020 were selected. CT and MRI reports were reviewed for new abdominopelvic extra-peritoneal findings on MRI (MR-EPF) and MR-EPFs concerning lesions previously indicated as equivocal (uncertain benign/malignant) on CT. Reference standard were surgical results or follow-up imaging. RESULTS: In 158 included patients 60 MR-EPFs (in 58/158 patients) were noted: twenty-six (43%) were new findings and thirty-four (57%) were equivocal findings on CT. Of the 34 equivocal findings 27 were 'rejected/less likely malignant' and 7 'confirmed/more likely malignant' based on MRI. In 29 patients (18%) the MR-EPFs had direct influence on treatment planning. Three patients (2%), eligible for CRS-HIPEC on CT, were deemed inoperable due to MR-EPFs. CONCLUSION: MRI had an added value in more than a third of the patients due to abdominopelvic extraperitoneal findings that were undetected or indeterminate on CT and therefore influenced the treatment in a substantial part of the patients. Combined with the known accurate detection of peritoneal disease on MRI, MRI seems a logical addition to the diagnostic workup of potential CRS-HIPEC candidates.

Dedicated MRI staging versus surgical staging of peritoneal metastases in colorectal cancer patients considered for CRS-HIPEC; the DISCO randomized multicenter trial.

BACKGROUND: Selecting patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer (CRCPM) who might benefit from cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is challenging. Computed tomography generally underestimates the peritoneal tumor load. Diagnostic laparoscopy is often used to determine whether patients are amenable for surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown to be accurate in predicting completeness of CRS. The aim of this study is to determine whether MRI can effectively reduce the need for surgical staging. METHODS: The study is designed as a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) of colorectal cancer patients who are deemed eligible for CRS-HIPEC after conventional CT staging. Patients are randomly assigned to either MRI based staging (arm A) or to standard surgical staging with or without laparoscopy (arm B). In arm A, MRI assessment will determine whether patients are eligible for CRS-HIPEC. In borderline cases, an additional diagnostic laparoscopy is advised. The primary outcome is the number of unnecessary surgical procedures in both arms defined as: all surgeries in patients with definitely inoperable disease (PCI > 24) or explorative surgeries in patients with limited disease (PCI < 15). Secondary outcomes include correlations between surgical findings and MRI findings, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life (QOL) analysis. CONCLUSION: This randomized trial determines whether MRI can effectively replace surgical staging in patients with CRCPM considered for CRS-HIPEC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered in the clinical trials registry of U.S. National Library of Medicine under NCT04231175 .