Tempo de Jejum no Pré-Operatório de Cirurgias Eletivas em um Hospital de Referência em Trauma no Município de Fortaleza ­ CE / Fasting Time in the Preoperative of Elective Surgeries at a Referral Hospital in Trauma in the Municipality of Fortaleza - CE

Introdução: cirurgias eletivas mantêm o paciente em jejum noturno prolongado, potencializando a diminuição na qualidade imunológica do indivíduo, alterando o processo de cicatrização e predispondo-o a infecções. Objetivo: analisar o tempo de jejum no pré-operatório de cirurgias eletivas em um hospital de referência do Município de Fortaleza. Material e Métodos: utilizou-se um questionário contendo informações sobre a identificação e ao processo cirúrgico: o horário da última refeição e último alimento oferecido pelo hospital. Resultados: Foram avaliados 159 pacientes com idade média de 35 ± 18,2 anos, em que 74,2% eram adultos e 71,8% eram do sexo masculino. O tempo médio de jejum pré-operatório encontrado foi de 11 horas para os pacientes com cirurgia agendada pela manhã e de 18 horas para aqueles com agendamento no período da tarde. Ao analisar as últimas refeições, pode-se perceber que o tempo de jejum foi superior ao que é preconizado em todos os grupos de alimentos. Os pacientes em que a sua última refeição era composta por carnes e frituras permaneceram por um maior tempo médio em dieta zero (21 horas). Conclusão: os pacientes foram submetidos a um tempo médio de jejum pré-operatório superior às recomendações da American Society of Anesthesiologists. Esse período foi igualmente extenso para a ingestão prévia de sólidos e líquidos.(AU)

Introduction: Elective surguries keep the patient in prolonged nocturnal fasting, potentiating the decrease in the immunological quality of the individual, altering the healing process and even predisposing it to infections. Objective: to analyze the fasting time in the preoperative period of elective surgeries in a reference hospital in the city of Fortaleza. Material and Methods: a questionnaire containing information about identification and referring to the surgical process was used to collect data, such as: the last meal time and the last food offered by the hospital. Results: A total of 159 patients with a mean age of 35 ± 18,2 years were evaluated, in which 74,2% were adults and 71,8% were male. The mean preoperative fasting time was 11 hours for patients scheduled for surgery in the morning and 18 hours for those scheduled in the afternoon. By analyzing the last meals, it was noticed that the fasting time was superior to what is recommended in all food groups. Patients whose last meal was composed of meats and fries showed a longer average time in diet zero (21 hours). Conclusion: patients underwent an average preoperative fasting time higher than the recommendations of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. This period was also extensive for previous ingestion of solids and liquids. (AU)

A lectin fraction from green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides inhibits inflammatory nociception in the temporomandibular joint of rats dependent from peripheral mechanisms.

Temporomandibular disorders are the second most common cause of orofacial pain mediated by inflammatory compounds, which in many cases leads to chronic orofacial pain. This study assessed the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a lectin from the green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides (CcL) on hypernociception inflammatory in TMJ of rats and investigated the involvement of different mechanisms. Rats received i.v. CcL 30 min prior to injection of flogistic agentes or 0.9% saline into the left TMJ. Pretreatment with CcL (0. 1; 1 or 10 mg/kg) promoted a reduction (p < 0.05) of inflammatory hypernociception induced by 1.5% Formalin along with inhibition of inflammatory plasma extravasation, cytokines levels, ciclooxigenase-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1). CcL was able to inhibit the nociceptive response induced by 1.5% Capsaicin, suggesting that CcL has an antinociceptive effect, acting directly on the primary nociceptive neurons. CcL also inhibited the nociceptive response induced by Carrageenan (100 µg/TMJ) or Serotonin (5-HT) (225 µg/TMJ). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that administration of CcL has a potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect, with a mechanism that is partially dependent on TNF-α, IL-1ß, COX-2 and ICAM-1 inhibition and independently from the cannabinoide and opioid system and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP channel pathway.