Effect of a New Lithium Preparation on the Behavior of CBA/CaLac Mice in an Experimental Conflict Model.

The use of lithium drugs in clinical practice requires constant monitoring of lithium plasma concentration, because toxicity is sometimes observed at therapeutic concentrations of lithium. This is often associated with fluctuations of plasma concentration of lithium ions after intake of individual doses. Therefore, the use of a porous carrier providing a stable blood level of the drug is extremely promising and important for clinical practice. We studied activity of a new lithium drug (lithium complex) consisting of aluminum-silicon base and lithium citrate immobilized on its surface. Lithium carbonate served as the reference drug. It was shown that lithium carbonate and lithium complex exhibited no anxiolytic activity in the conflict model, but produced an antidepressant effect and improved exploratory behavior of animals.

Effect of Lithium Preparations on Cerebral Electrophysiological Activity in Rats.

The study examined the effects of a novel neurotropic medication based on a lithium complex composed of lithium citrate, polymethylsiloxane, and aluminum oxide on electrophysiological parameters of the rat brain. In contrast to lithium carbonate (the reference drug), the novel preparation resulted in a wave-like dynamics of electrical activity in the visual cortex. Rhythmic photic stimulation of the rats treated with lithium carbonate resulted in appearance of the signs attesting to up-regulation of excitability of cerebral cortex in all examined ranges. In contrast, the complex lithium preparation diminished the delta power spectrum, which was the only affected frequency band. It is hypothesized that the complex lithium medication induces milder activation of the cerebral cortex in comparison with lithium carbonate. The novel medication composed of lithium citrate, aluminum oxide, and polymethylsiloxane, is characterized by greater efficacy and safety than the preparation based on inorganic lithium salt (lithium carbonate).

Effect of Diprotin A, an Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, on Immunological Parameters of Lymphocytes in Intact Animals and Animals with Experimental Autoimmune Process.

We found the peculiarities of the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor diprotin A on immunological parameters of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs in intact animals and in animals with experimental autoimmune process. In intact animals, diprotin A increased cellularity of the thymus and spleen, number of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+8+ thymocytes and CD3+ splenocytes and reduced cellularity of lymph nodes and the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen. Diprotin A administered against the background of autoimmune process, reduced thymus cellularity, number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen, and number of CD4 and CD4+8+ thymocytes in comparison with the corresponding parameters of autoimmune process.

Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin on immunological parameters of lymphocytes in intact animals and animals with experimental autoimmune process.

The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin on immunological parameters were studied in animals with experimental autoimmune process. The effects of the drug administered in preventive (before manifestation of autoimmune processes) and therapeutic (after manifestation of autoimmune process) modes were studied.

Parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in experimental hyperthyroidism and its correction.

We demonstrate changes in cellular and humoral immunity in animals with experimental hyperthyroidism induced by chronic administration of potassium iodide (KI) solution. KI increased the weight and cellularity of the thymus and spleen and number of antibody-forming cells to sheep red blood cells and modified the relative content of T cell subpopulations. Phytosorption complex LimfoFit modifying cellular and humoral immunity affected only its individual parameters in hyperthyroid animals.

Effects of thyroxin and mercazolyl on immunological parameters of blood lymphocytes and lymphoid organs.

Changes in the cellular and humoral immunity parameters were revealed in animals receiving thyroxin and mercazolyl per os for 2 weeks. Specific features of effects of the hormone and its inhibitor on the parameters of immune system were found.

[Functional morphology of the cells of the immune system under experimental and clinical conditions].

In this study, the peculiarities of functional morphology of the cells of the immune system are examined under experimental and clinical conditions. Lymphocyte enzymatic spectrum and DNA content are determined, the significance and information value of these parameters are demonstrated under normal conditions and in cases of pathology of immune and lymphatic system. The circadian organization of the immune system is detected, and the dependence of morpho-functional state of the immune system on the structure of its circadian organization is shown. These data have found an application for clinical purposes. They contributed to the development of effective methods of diagnosis, prognosis and correction of dysfunctions of the immune system.

[Immunomorphology--yesterday, today and tomorrow]. / Immunomorfologiia--vchera, segodnia, zavtra.

The paper discusses what immunomorphology is, which place it occupies in immunology today after methods of molecular biology, gene engineering, biotechnology have been intensively used in research, what basic methods and approaches are applied to immunological studies. Data available in the literature on the development, establishment, and prospects of immunomorphology and some morphofunctional evidences obtained by the Laboratory of Immunomorphology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Morphology. Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, from the physiological and morphocytochemical studies of the lymphoid system in health and in disease with circadian variations in mind.

[Indicators of erythro- and immunopoiesis in the development of autoimmune disease induced by graft vs host reaction]. / Pokazateli éritro- i immunopoéza v razvitii autoimmunnogo zabolevaniia, indutsirovannogo reaktsiei transplantant protic khoziaina.

Erythropoiesis and immunity are evaluated in (C57BL/6xDBA/2) F1 mice with immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by GVHR as compared to the genetically determined models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Elevated content of serum blood antinuclear antibodies, polyclonal activation during early disease periods, immune complex deposition in kidney tissues indicate the presence of the autoimmune syndrome in (C57BL/6xDBA/2)F1 mice, similar to that in mice with genetic lupus nephritis. The findings of a decrease of CFUs on days 5 and 8 at early times of disease, a reduction of hematocrit in combination with the enhancement of stem cell proliferation on the 6th-7th month of disease, an increase of the absolute leukocyte count and relative monocyte count in the peripheral blood of diseased mice may attest to the depression of stem cell differentiation in erythropoiesis and to the enhancement of stem cell differentiation in granulocyto-monocytopoiesis, that needs, however, further research and confirmation.

A supportive care clinic: maintaining the chronic psychiatric patient.

A comprehensive investigation into the social support networks of a group of chronic psychiatric patients attending a Supportive Care Clinic was conducted. The results suggest that these patients, while exhibiting weaker support systems than the general population, do have a significant amount of personal support in addition to that received from the treatment center. Furthermore, they perceive the "support" aspect of the Clinic as the most helpful feature as compared to personal growth or medication. The results of these findings are discussed in terms of their practical utility for the ambulatory care of chronic psychiatric patients.

[Adenylate cyclase content of T- and B-lymphocytes of mice of different genotypes in an experimental autoimmune state]. / Soderzhanie adeniltsiklazy v T- i B-limfotsitakh u myshei raznykh genotipov pri autoimmunnom sostoianii v éksperimente.

The activity of adenylcyclase in T and B cells of lymph nodes and spleen has been investigated in intact and autoimmune mice Balb/c and C57B1. Strain differences in the enzyme activity of intact and autoimmune mice were observed. It is concluded that the determination of adenylcyclase activity in lymphoid cells makes it possible to reveal the peculiarities of cell maturation in normal and pathological mice of different strains.

[Identification of Feulgen-stained mouse T- and B-lymphocytes]. / Identifikatsiia Fël'gen-okrashennykh T- i B-limfotsitov myshei.

Digitized images of Feulgen-stained normal murine T and B lymphocytes were analyzed by the computer and microphotometry. Differences between these cells were revealed. The entropy of optical density was found to show highly significant differences between T and B cells. The application of the automatic classification of T and B lymphocytes is discussed.

[Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in murine lymphocyte populations]. / Analiz izofermentov laktatdegidrogenazy v populiatsiiakh limfotsitov myshei.

The pattern of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme has been examined for different murine lymphoid cell populations and for T and B lymphocyte populations. LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 were found in the thymus, LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5 in the spleen, and LDH-4 and LDH-5 in lymph nodes. Enrichment of lymphocytes with T and B cells resulted in the appearance of LDH-4 and LDH-5 in T cell population, and of LDH-5 in B cell population. With the appearance of the autoimmune reaction, activity of LDH-5 in the thymus was seen to decrease. After the thymosin injection (4 fraction), activities of LDH-1, LDH-2 and LDH-3 diminished. A possible application of the LDH isoenzyme distribution pattern as a marker of T cell differentiation is discussed.

[Cytological identification of the lymphocytes in highly leukemic AKR/J mice in ontogenesis. Effect of somatotropin on the cellular composition of the lymphoid organs]. / Tsitologicheskaia identifikatsiia limfotsitov u vysokoleikoznykh myshei linii AKR/J v ontogeneze. Vliianie somatotropnogo gormona na kletochnyi sostav limfoidnykh organov.

In AKR/J mice lymphocytes of thymus, spleen and lymph nodes can be classified according to their morphology as revealed by the Stockinger and Kellner staining: I--basophilic cytoplasm, 1--3 large basophilic nucleoli (blast cells), II--basophilic cytoplasm, 1--4 small clearly visible nucleoli (T-lymphocytes), III-weakly basophilic cytoplasm, 1-4 small fairly visible nucleoli (B-lymphocytes). The number of cells of types I and II increases with the progressing of leucaemia. After the administration of somatotrophic hormone the number of cells of types I and II increases only in the lymphoid organs of 5 months old AKR/J mice.

[Effect of somatotropic hormone on autoimmune responses induced in mice of different genotypes by syngenous heated erythrocytes]. / Vliianie somatotropnogo gormona na autoimmunye reaktsii, indutsirovannye u myshei raznykh genotipov singennymi progretymi éritrotsitami

A single administration of 1 X 10(9) heated erythrocytes to C57BL and BALB/c mice caused on the 13th day the appearance of antierythrocytic autoantibodies, an increase in the weight of the lymphoid organs, and lymphoreticular hyperplasia. These changes were more pronounced in BALB/c mice. During the development of autoimmune reactions the changes in the number of E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells in the thymus and spleen and in the immune response to the sheep erythrocyte immunization and E. coli endotoxin were revealed; distinct strain differences were observed. Daily somatotropic hormone administration (5 mg/kg of body weight) for 10 days decreased the degree of the autoimmune reactions development in mice of both strains. Its action was more expressed in BALB/c mice.

[Effect of thymocytes on the quantity of polypotent hematopoietic mast cells in the spleen of sublethally irradiated mice]. / Vliianie kletok timusa na kolichestvo polipotentnykh stvolovykh krovetvornykh kletokv selezenke subletal'no obluchennykh myshei

With the aid of Till and McCulloch's method, 5 times 10(-6) thymic cells were found to cause an increase in the number of hemopoietic endogenous spleen colonies in syngeneic donor-recipient combination. Thymic cells of C57BL mice had no effect on the number of endogenous colonies in the spleen. 40 times 10(-6) thymic cells administered 24 hr after sublethal irradiation caused an increase in the number of colony forming units in the spleen within 14 days. Possible ways of the thymus effect on hemopoiesis are discussed.