Dermatological patients with itch report more stress, stigmatization experience, anxiety and depression compared to patients without itch: Results from a European multi-centre study.

BACKGROUND: Itch as the most common symptom in dermatology has been shown to be related to psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, associations were found between perceived stigmatization and itch. However, studies investigating the differences between patients with dermatoses with and without itch regarding perceived stress, stigmatization, anxiety and depression are missing. Therefore, one of the aims of the second study of the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP study II) was to investigate these relationships in a large cohort of patients with different itchy dermatoses. RESULTS: 3399 patients with 14 different itchy dermatoses were recruited at 22 centres in 17 European countries. They filled in questionnaires to assess perceived stigmatization, stress, signs of clinically relevant anxiety or depression, itch-related quality of life, the overall health status, itch duration, frequency and intensity. The most significant association between the severity of itching and the perception of stress was observed among individuals with rosacea (correlation coefficient r = 0.314). Similarly, the strongest links between itch intensity and experiences of stigmatization, anxiety, and depression were found in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (correlation coefficients r = 0.317, r = 0.356, and r = 0.400, respectively). Utilizing a stepwise linear regression analysis, it was determined that within the entire patient cohort, 9.3% of the variation in itch intensity could be accounted for by factors including gender, levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization. Females and individuals with elevated anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization scores reported more pronounced itch intensities compared to those with contrary attributes. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the connection between experiencing itch and its intensity and the psychological strain it places on individuals. Consequently, psychological interventions should encompass both addressing the itch itself and the interconnected psychological factors. In specific cases, it becomes imperative for dermatologists to direct individuals towards suitable healthcare resources to undergo further psychological assessment.

[Mental disorders, social and demographic characteristics of patients with chronic and episodic migraine]. / Psikhicheskie rasstroistva, sotsial'nye i demograficheskie kharakteristiki patsientov s khronicheskoi i epizodicheskoi migren'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To compare socio-demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics and comorbid mental disorders in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and episodic migraine (EM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty patients with migraine (40 with CM (16 men and 24 women, mean age 33.5±6.1 years) and 40 with EM (9 men and 31 women, mean age 31.4±5.7 years) were examined. All patients were interviewed and tested with psychometric methods. Socio-demographic and clinical-psychological characteristics were determined in all patients. The psychiatrist assessed the mental status of patients and diagnosed comorbid mental disorders according to the ICD-10 criteria. RESULTS: Symptoms of depression, high levels of trait and state anxiety, and a tendency to emotional inadequacy of response were more common in CM patients than in EM patients (p<0.05). Mental disorders, predominantly of the anxiety-depressive spectrum, were more common in CM patients than EM patients (OR (95% CI)=2.54 (2.03 to 2.98, p<0.001). Seventy-five percent of CM patients had more than one psychiatric diagnosis, almost a quarter of CM patients had schizotypal disorder, which is significantly higher than in EM patients (OR (95% CI)=1.99; 1.03 to 2.42, p<0.001). There were more unmarried, single (without constant partner), unemployed, high-education patients in the CM group than in the EM group. The negative impact of headache on the daily activity of patients was significantly higher in the CM group than in the EM group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mental disorders and psychological features (anxiety, depression symptoms, a tendency to emotional inadequacy of response) are more common in CM patients than in EM patients. The presence of these factors may contribute to the chronification of migraine.

[Nimodipine in treatment of bipolar disorder]. / Primenenie nimodipina v terapii bipolyarnogo affektivnogo rasstroistva.

The purpose of this review is to correlate current data on the molecular mechanisms of action of the drug Nimodipine with its clinical effects and applicability in mental disorders belonging to the spectrum of affective pathology. The article discusses the prospects for using the calcium channel blocker nimodipine as a method of both mono and combination therapy for bipolar disorders with various types of course. Nimodipine is a selective blocker of voltage-dependent calcium channels, a dihydropyridine derivative. By blocking L type calcium channels, it prevents the entry of calcium ions into the cell. Due to its pronounced ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it has a selective effect on brain neurons and has a vasodilating, antihypertensive and normotimic effect. Nimodipine blocks LTCC channels in brain neurons, thereby influencing synaptic plasticity, transmitter release and excitation-transcription coupling, which makes it possible to influence various clinical conditions with pathology in the area of affect, including bipolar disorders with ultra-rapid cycling, and also, in cases with high resistance and intolerance to other mood stabilizers.

[Mental disorders in blepharospasm]. / Psikhicheskie rasstroistva pri blefarospazme.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze mental disorders in blepharospasm (BS) before and after botulinum therapy (BT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 25 patients with BS (9 men and 16 women), aged 50 to 85 years (mean 64.1±18.5), with BS (main study group). The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals (7 men and 13 women, mean age 63.5±8.5). Patients were examined before and after BT (after 3 weeks) using a diagnostic structured interview Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, GAD-7, PHQ-9, fear of negative assessment (short version) and The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of patients with BS, as assessed by the GAD-7, showed a high level of anxiety, while depression, measured by the PHQ-9 and found in 52% of patients, was mainly manifested by mild disorders. In the group of patients with BS, the mean scores were higher on the GAD-7, PHQ-9, fear of negative assessment (p<0.001) and LSAS (p<0.05) than in the control group. After treatment with BT, the levels of anxiety and depression in patients with BS decreased slightly and remained higher compared with the control group. Psychiatric examination in the majority (64%) of patients revealed mental disorders that could not be explained by the occurrence of BS. The remaining 36% of patients had adaptation disorders (nosogenic reactions) caused by BS. Affective mental pathology (recurrent depressive disorder and dysthymia) and anxiety disorders (social phobia and adjustment disorders) were more often observed in the main study group compared with the control group (24% versus 5% and 68% versus 10%, respectively). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of patients with BS have anxiety and depressive disorders, the severity of which does not depend only on the severity of motor symptoms and does not significantly decrease after successful BT, but is caused by mental disorders that preceded the manifestation of BS. Identification of mental disorders to varying degrees associated with BS, not only on the basis of psychometric scales, but also consultation with a psychiatrist, will allow, in addition to the correction of motor symptoms of BS, to differentiate the therapeutic approach through psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy.

[Bimodal model of delusional psychoses (on the problem of the correlation of paranoid dimensions in the psychopathological space of schizophrenia)]. / Bimodal'naya model' bredovykh psikhozov (k probleme sootnosheniya paranoidnykh dimensii v psikhopatologicheskom prostranstve shizofrenii).

OBJECTIVE: To establish clinico-pathogenetic ratios of delusional psychoses constituting the psychopathological space of paranoid schizophrenia and to determine clinical and pathogenetic validity of concepts of a single delusional psychosis (a model of chronic delusion with a staged course) and two endogenous delusional psychoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample consisted of 56 patients (19 women, 37 men; the average age 39.7±9.3 years; average duration of the disease 10.6±9.1 years) with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, continuous type of course (F20.00), developed at the age above 18 years. At the time of examination, the condition of the patients was determined by persistent delusional or hallucinatory delusional disorders. Clinical, pathopsychological, psychometric (SANS, SAPS, PANSS), immunological and statistical methods were used. RESULTS: The study substantiates a bimodal model of a single delusional psychosis with a polar arrangement of interpretive delusions and delusions of influence based on the phenomena of mental automatism, both in terms of the vector of development (toward the poles of negative/positive disorders) and in terms of the rate of progression. Psychopathological manifestations of interpretive delusions correlate with the slow evolving development of psychosis, the dimensional structure of the paranoid is limited to the limits of the delusional register; functional activity is represented by affiliation to negative changes, integration with personality anomalies ends with the transformation of positive disorders into pathocharacterological ones, corresponding to the post-processual development of the personality. Manifestation of delusional impact (syndrome of mental automatism) is manifested by the complication and maximum expansion of the spectrum of positive disorders; the dimensional structure is represented by a wide range of psychopathological disorders and is formed with the participation of processes of mental dissociation, reaching the level of delusional depersonalization; functional activity is high, which creates conditions for the formation of a «new¼ subpsychotic structure, a «psychotic character¼, which is an attenuated duplicate of delusional psychosis. In both groups of patients, a significant increase in the activity of inflammatory markers of leukocyte elastase (249.2 ((231.1-270.0); 272.2 (236.0-292.6) nmol/min∙ml) and alpha - 1 proteinase inhibitor (48.8 (46.0-55.0); 50.4 (42.1-54.8) IU/ml) was shown compared with controls (205.0 (199.8-217.3) nmol/min∙mL and 33.0 (31.0-36.0) IU/mL, p<0.01, respectively). In the group of patients with delusions of influence, an increased level of antibodies to S-100B was also observed (0.88 (0.67-1.0) opt.density units) compared with the control values (0.7 (0.65-0.77) opt.density units, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The concept of the model is supported by the results of the immunological study, according to which interpretive delusions and delusion based on the mental automatism, indicates the different level of immunity tension, and a qualitative changes in immune reactivity (also due to different genetic burden).

[Enteral protection in patients with diffuse peritonitis]. / Enteroprotektsiya v povyshenii effektivnosti lecheniya patsientov s rasprostranennym peritonitom.

OBJECTIVE: To improve treatment outcomes in patients with diffuse peritonitis via enteral protection using intestinal lavage with ozonized solution through an original tube. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 78 patients with advanced peritonitis. The control group included 39 patients who underwent standard measures after surgery for peritonitis. The main group consisted of 39 patients who underwent early postoperative intestinal lavage with ozonized solutions through original tube for 3 days. RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as ultrasound data indicated better correction of enteral insufficiency in the main group. Morbidity in the main group was lower by 33.3%, length of hospital-stay - by 3.5 days. CONCLUSION: Early postoperative intestinal lavage with ozonized solutions through original tube accelerates recovery intestinal function and improves treatment outcomes in patients with widespread peritonitis.

[To the problem of somatic-hypochondriac paranoia]. / K probleme somaticheskoi-ipokhondricheskoi paranoii.

OBJECTIVE: To unite within the framework of a single clinical entity (based on the model of hypochondriacal paranoia) phenomena of the somatopsychotic and hypochondriacal range, which, in accordance with modern systematics, are classified as various categories of psychosomatic, affective disorders and personality disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample for analysis consisted of 29 patients (with the diagnosis of delusional disorder (ICD-10; F22.0 in ICD-10), 10 men (34.5%) and 19 women (64.5%), the average age was 42.9±19.9 years; men - 10 nab. (34.5%), women - 19 nab. (64.5%). The average duration of the disease iswas 9.4±8.5 years. The psychopathological method was used as the main one. RESULTS: The article forms an alternative concept of somatic paranoia based on the model of hypochondriacal paranoia. The fundamental difference between the construct of somatic paranoia is an obligate connection between somatopsychic and ideational disorders. Somatopsychic (coenesthesiopathic) symptoms do not exist as an independent (equivalent to the structure of somatic clinical syndromes) dimensions and are formed exclusively with the participation of ideational phenomena. CONCLUSION: In accordance with the presented concept, coenesthesiopathic symptoms within the framework of somatic paranoia act as a somatic equivalent of delusional disorders.

[Hypochondriasis in Graves' disease: the role of pathologic factors and clinical characteristics endocrinopathy]. / Ipokhondricheskie razvitiya pri bolezni Greivsa: rol' patokharakterologicheskikh faktorov i klinicheskikh kharakteristik endokrinopatii.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical qualification of hypochondriasis or illness anxiety disorder (IAD) in Graves' disease (GD) and verification of associated personality and endocrinological factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample consisted of 27 patients (25 female and 2 male, mean age 48.4 years) with GD and personality disorders (PDs). The patients were examined clinically and with interviews for the assessment of PD according to DSM-IV (SCID-II-PD) and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). RESULTS: IAD was diagnosed in 8 cases (29.6%), of which the main study group was formed. The remaining 19 patients, who did not show signs of IAD, were assigned to the control group. In the main group, the average score on the SHAI «health anxiety¼ subscale was significantly higher (10.2 vs 4.8 points, p<0.05) corresponding to the clinical qualification of the condition as IAD. When assessing the frequency of categorical PDs, it was found that there were no affective PDs in the main group, likewise there were no anxiety cluster PDs in the control group (p<0.05). In turn, in the main group, PDs were characterized by such dimensions as the phenomena of psychopathological diathesis, reactive lability, neuropathy, which were not observed in the control group. The endocrinological factor that differed significantly in main and control groups was the frequency of recurrence of GD (75.0% vs, 40.1%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite the generally relatively favourable prognosis of GD, there is a significant frequency of IAD, the key role in the formation of which is apparently played by the parameters of the premorbid characteristics, as well as GD recurrence.

[Treatment of mental disorders caused or triggered by somatic and neurological diseases with the use of the multimodal antidepressant trazodone]. / Terapiya psikhicheskikh rasstroistv, obuslovlennykh libo provotsirovannykh somaticheskoi i nevrologicheskoi patologiei, s primeneniem mul'timodal'nogo antidepressanta trazodon.

The purpose of this narrative review is to relate current data on the molecular mechanisms of action of trazodone with its clinical effects and applicability in mental disorders caused or triggered by somatic and neurological disease, according to available publications. In the article, the prospects for the use of the multimodal antidepressant trazodone are discussed in accordance with therapeutic targets. The latter are discussed in accordance with the typology of the mentioned above psychosomatic disorders. Trazodone is an antidepressant acting primarily due to the blockade of postsynaptic serotonin 5H2A- and 5H2C-receptors, as well as the blockade of serotonin reuptake, but also has affinity for a number of additional receptors. The drug has a favorable safety profile and a wide range of beneficial effects: antidepressive, somnolent, anxiolytic, anti-dysphoric and somatotropic. This makes it possible to influence a wide range of therapeutic targets in the structure of mental disorders caused or triggered by somatic and neurological diseases, carrying out safe and effective psychopharmacotherapy.

[Questionnaire of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology is a new tool for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction]. / Oprosnik NMITs koloproktologii imeni A.N. Ryzhikh ­ novyi instrument otsenki khronicheskoi tazovoi boli i narusheniya funktsii tazovykh organov.

The article presents the work of a multidisciplinary team of experts from various fields of medicine to optimize the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology¼ for use in clinical practice. The survey of respondents was conducted from June 28 to September 28, 2021. As a result of this survey, by repeatedly making edits and clarifications during communication with respondents, the final version was obtained, which allows assessing the patient's subjective sensations by the nature and localization of pelvic pain, sensitivity disorders and pelvic organ function. The main objective of this Questionnaire is to differentiate patients with neurogenic pain from a huge number of patients with chronic pelvic pain. This aspect will allow a more targeted approach to the diagnosis and pathogenetically justified treatment of patients, including after appropriate instrumental examinations. The work of a multidisciplinary team implies a higher degree of objectification and terminological accuracy of the Questionnaire under discussion. The presented version of the «Questionnaire for assessing chronic pelvic pain and pelvic organ dysfunction (QCPPD) of the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology¼ will be primarily used in coloproctological patients with pelvic pain problems and anal incontinence and obstructive defecation. Further studies will be directed to the clinical evaluation of the results of the work carried out.

[Correction of enteral distress syndrome in acute intestinal obstruction]. / Korrektsiya enteral'nogo distress-sindroma pri ostroi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

OBJECTIVE: On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the intestine in acute mechanical small bowel obstruction, to justify adequate schemes of its protection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical and laboratory study of 48 patients with acute small bowel obstruction developed against the background of abdominal adhesions, strangulated abdominal hernia was conducted. The first group (n=25) of patients who underwent laparotomy, removal of intestinal obstruction (adhesiolysis and/or herniation, hernial gate plastic surgery), intestinal intubation, standardized therapy after surgery. The second group (n=23) - patients, therapy included Remaxol (Polysan Pharmaceutical Plant, Petersburg): 400.0 enterally intraoperatively through a probe after nasointestinal intubation, evacuation of stagnant contents and intestinal lavage with isotonic saline solution; 400.0 - intravenously for 5 days. A number of indicators of homeostasis (endogenous intoxication, oxidative stress), structural and functional state of the intestine were evaluated. RESULTS: It was found that the inclusion of remaxol in complex therapy (intraoperatively and in the early postoperative period) leads to the optimization of the treatment process of patients with acute intestinal obstruction. The number of complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification decreased from 17 (first) up to 5 (second group) (χ2=3.988, p=0.046). Hospital stay decreased from 12.8±1.1 to 10.1±0.8 bed days (p<0.05). The effectiveness of the developed scheme is based on its ability to correct the phenomena of enteral distress syndrome relatively quickly, which was confirmed by laboratory and instrumental methods. The most important manifestation of this was a significant decrease in the phenomena of endogenous intoxica tion against the background of a significant decrease in the activity of peroxidation of membrane lipids - triggers of catabolic intestinal lesions. CONCLUSION: Studies document the effectiveness of the developed treatment regimen for patients with acute intestinal obstruction. The inclusion of remaxol parenterally and enterally makes it possible to significantly optimize the course of the early postoperative period. One of the main objects of its implementation was the relatively rapid restoration of intestinal function, reduction of manifestations of enteral distress syndrome. This provided rapid relief of endogenous intoxication and, as a result, prevented the progression of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which together determined the optimization of the early postoperative period.

[Possible ways to approach the effectiveness of open abdominal interventions to laparoscopic]. / Vozmozhnye puti priblizheniya rezul'tativnosti otkrytykh abdominal'nykh vmeshatel'stv k laparoskopicheskim.

THE PURPOSE OF THE WORK: Based on the determination of the mechanisms of negative manifestations of surgical aggression in open interventions, compared with laparoscopic, to determine ways to optimize the early postoperative period when using them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The work is based on clinical and laboratory analysis of 147 patients with acute appendicitis complicated by acute peritonitis. In the first group (n=58), patients were operated with traditional laparotomy access. In the second group (n=47) - laparoscopic interventions were used. In the first and second groups, traditional therapy was carried out according to clinical recommendations. In the third group (n=42), patients were operated with traditional laparotomy access, and in the early postoperative period, their therapy included remaxol (intravenous injections of 800.0 ml of the drug in the first two days, then within three days - 400.0 ml). Laboratory and instrumental studies were carried out in patients, including the level of hydrophilic and hydrophobic toxins in the blood, the intensity of peroxidation of membrane lipids and antioxidant enzyme potential, the activity of phospholipase A2. The functional status of the intestine and liver was assessed. RESULTS: It was found that the most important manifestation of the reduction of surgical aggression in the early stages after surgery, which is characteristic of laparoscopic operations, are significantly low phenomena of endogenous intoxication against the background of a significant decrease in the activity of peroxidation of membrane lipids and phospholipase systems - triggers of catabolic phenomena and lesions of various organs and systems, including the intestine and liver. The inclusion of remaxol in complex therapy for patients who have undergone open surgical operations leads to a number of positive clinical and laboratory effects. The most important of them is the reduction of endogenous intoxication. This beneficial effect is associated with the restoration of the functional status of the intestine and liver, as well as a decrease in the severity of catabolic phenomena. The effectiveness of complex therapy with remaxol was marked by reducing the number of postoperative complications and the length of the patient's stay in the hospital. CONCLUSION: The use of remaxol in patients with acute peritonitis complicated by peritonitis who have undergone open surgical interventions, due to the relatively rapid restoration of the functional status of the intestine and liver, reduction of catabolic phenomena, reduces the severity of endogenous intoxication syndrome, which was the basis for a significant improvement in the course of the early postoperative period, bringing it closer to that when using laparoscopic technology.

Riboflavin for COVID-19 Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Mental Health Disorders: Observational Study.

Background: COVID-19 treatment remains a challenge for medicine because of the extremely short time for clinical studies of drug candidates, so the drug repurposing strategy, which implies the use of well-known and safe substances, is a promising approach. Objective: We present the results of an observational clinical study that focused on the influence of riboflavin (vitamin B2) supplementation on the immune markers of COVID-19 severity in patients with mental health disorders. Results: We have found that 10 mg of flavin mononucleotide (a soluble form of riboflavin) intramuscularly twice a day within 7 days correlated with the normalization of clinically relevant immune markers (neutrophils and lymphocytes counts, as well as their ratio) in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, we demonstrated that total leucocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes counts, as well as the neutrophils to leucocytes ratio (NLR), correlated with the severity of the disease. We also found that patients with organic disorders (F0 in ICD-10) demonstrated higher inflammation then patients with schizophrenia (F2 in ICD-10). Conclusion: We suggest that riboflavin supplementation could be promising for decreasing inflammation in COVID-19, and further evaluation is required. This observational clinical trial has been registered by the Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology (Moscow, Russia), Protocol No. 4 dated 05/27/2020.

[Pain syndromes and insomnia: the role of association with comorbid mental disorders (on the model of glossalgia)]. / Bolevye sindromy i insomniya: rol' assotsiatsii s komorbidnymi psikhicheskimi rasstroistvami (na modeli glossalgii).

OBJECTIVE: To test the association between pain severity and anxiety, depression, and somatoform symptoms in burning sleep syndrome (BMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 36 patients (33 women, 3 men), mean age 58.0±14.8 years. Psychopathological, clinical-dermatological, parametric, statistical methods were used. Psychometric examination included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for assessment of pain (severity of glossalgia), PHQ-4 for self-assessment of severity of anxiety (GAD-2) and depression (PHQ-2), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms-2 (SOMS-2), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the EQ-5D-5L quality of life assessment scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Insomnia in chronic pain is very common. On the one hand, studies show that sleep deprivation can enhance pain perception. On the other hand, chronic pain can trigger a variety of sleep disorders. One of the localizations of chronic pain syndrome is the oral mucosa. Somatoform pain disorder related to oral mucosa called «glossalgia¼ or «burning mouth syndrome¼ (BMS). The prevalence of insomnia in the study sample was 61.1%. The statistically significant positive correlation was found between the severity of insomnia (PSQI) and the severity of anxiety on both GAD-2 and HADS, while insomnia showed no correlation with depression and pain severity. At the same time, the severity of anxiety showed statistically significant positive correlation with the severity of pain assessed by VAS.

[Glossalgia as a psychodermatological syndrome]. / Glossalgiya kak sindrom psikhodermatologicheskoi patologii.

OBJECTIVE: To study clinical characteristics of burning mouth syndrome or glossalgia is a functional disorder with painful sensations in the oral cavity with verification of the psychopathological structure, typology and nosology of the syndrome within the continuum of neurotic/psychotic disorders and dermatological pathology, i.e. lichen planus (LP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study sample (n=30, 27 female, mean age 59.3±15.6 years) was examined by dermatologist, neurologist and psychiatrist both clinically and psychometrically. The patients met the diagnostic criteria for glossalgia according to the IASP classification and ICD-10 for glossodynia (code K14.6). In 7 subjects, there was comorbidity with LP of the oral mucosa. RESULTS: The psychopathological picture of glossalgia syndrome has a binary structure. Basic coenesthesiopathies, ranging in severity from homonomous sensations (isteralgias) to heteronomic sensopathies (senestopathies, senesthesia), are associated with secondary hypochondriacal phenomena: from health anxiety and monopatophobia to mastery of ideas and somatopsychic confusion, respectively. According to the psychopathological register (neurotic/psychotic) and the fact of objective verification of a dermatological disease (hypochondria sine materia/cum materia), there are three types of glossalgic syndrome: 1) organo-neurotic; 2) somatopsychotic; 3) dermatological (stress-induced somatic reactions). CONCLUSION: BMS is a local syndrome limited to the oral cavity, however, in fact, it covers the entire clinical spectrum of psychosomatic pathology from mental diseases to psychodermatological ones.

[Risk factors for complications of ureterolithotripsy].

AIM: to determine main risk factors for complications of ureterolithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective analysis of the results of 545 ureteroscopies performed in 506 patients with ureteral stones over the past 7 years at the urological clinic named after M.F. Vladimirsky was carried out. The relationship between preoperative and intraoperative factors and complications of ureterolithotripsy was analyzed. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 22.4%. The risk of intraoperative complications was proved to increase (p<0.05) along with the stone size, location in proximal ureter, stone impaction for more than 3 weeks and the degree of hydronephrosis. No preoperative stenting or nephrostomy tube prior to ureteroscopy was associated to an increased risk of intraoperative complications (RR=2.88; p=0.03). Patients with preoperative drainage of upper urinary tract has lower probability of intraoperative complications (OR=0.35; p=0.03). The risk of developing stricture and ureteral obliteration in uncomplicated ureteroscopy was minimal (RR=0.008, p=0.0001). Small ureteral perforation and pronounced mucosal inflammation around the stone have the similar influence on the risk of complications, which was more than 7.5 times (p=0.0001) higher than in uncomplicated ureteroscopy. Large ureteral perforation was associated with the highest risk of stricture formation and ureteral obliteration, which was 64 times (p=0.0001) higher than in uncomplicated ureteroscopy. CONCLUSION: The rate of complications of ureterolithotripsy directly depends on the following factors: size and location of the stone, the stone impaction, pre- and intraoperative (nephrostomy tube) drainage of the upper urinary tract, the degree of hydronephrosis, level of bacteriuria and intraoperative trauma complications.

[Autologous kidney transplantation after ureter avulsion during ureterolithotripsy].

Currently, when performing ureterolithotripsy in patients with proximal ureteral stones, urologist should be ready for intraoperative complications and be able to use various methods to diagnose them. Ureteral avulsion is an extremely rare, but the most serious complication of endoscopic procedures. Clinical observation of autologous kidney transplantation performed after ureteral avulsion with good functional and clinical results is presented.

Precision measurement of the neutral pion lifetime.

The explicit breaking of the axial symmetry by quantum fluctuations gives rise to the so-called axial anomaly. This phenomenon is solely responsible for the decay of the neutral pion π0 into two photons (γγ), leading to its unusually short lifetime. We precisely measured the decay width Γ of the [Formula: see text] process. The differential cross sections for π0 photoproduction at forward angles were measured on two targets, carbon-12 and silicon-28, yielding [Formula: see text], where stat. denotes the statistical uncertainty and syst. the systematic uncertainty. We combined the results of this and an earlier experiment to generate a weighted average of [Formula: see text] Our final result has a total uncertainty of 1.50% and confirms the prediction based on the chiral anomaly in quantum chromodynamics.

Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Rickettsia symbiotic bacteria in aphids (Aphidoidea).

Aphids are a diverse family of crop pests. Aphids formed a complex relationship with intracellular bacteria. Depending on the region of study, the species composition of both aphids and their facultative endosymbionts varies. The aim of the work was to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma and Rickettsia symbionts in aphids collected in 2018-2019 in Moscow. For these purposes, 578 aphids from 32 collection sites were tested by PCR using specific primers. At least 21 species of aphids from 14 genera and four families were identified by barcoding method, of which 11 species were infected with endosymbionts. Rickettsia was found in six species, Wolbachia in two species, Spiroplasma in one species. The presence of Rickettsia in Impatientinum asiaticum, Myzus cerasi, Hyalopterus pruni, Eucallipterus tiliae, Chaitophorus tremulae and Wolbachia in Aphis pomi and C. tremulae has been described for the first time. A double infection with Rickettsia and Spiroplasma was detected in a half of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) individuals. For the first time was found that six species of aphids are infected with Rickettsia that are genetically different from previously known. It was first discovered that A. pomi is infected with two Wolbachia strains, one of which belongs to supergroup B and is genetically close to Wolbachia from C. tremulae. The second Wolbachia strain from A. pomi belongs to the supergroup M, recently described in aphid species. Spiroplasma, which we observed in A. pisum, is genetically close to male killing Spiroplasma from aphids, ladybirds and moths. Both maternal inheritance and horizontal transmission are the pathways for the distribution of facultative endosymbiotic bacteria in aphids.

'The psychosocial burden of alopecia areata and androgenetica': a cross-sectional multicentre study among dermatological out-patients in 13 European countries.

BACKGROUND: Hair diseases play an important burden on patients' lives, causing significant emotional and psychosocial distress. However, the impairment due to different hair conditions, such as alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA), has rarely been compared. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the psychological burden of subgroups of patients with different hair diseases and to compare them to a healthy population. METHODS: In this study, we analysed a subgroup of patients with hair diseases from patients of a large multicentre study including 3635 dermatological patients and 1359 controls from 13 European countries. In the subgroup of patients with hair diseases, we analysed the socio-demographic characteristics, the stress level, and the impact of hair diseases on quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression and we compared them among patients with AA, AGA and healthy controls. RESULTS: The study population included 115 patients (77% women, 23% men) with hair diseases, 37 of whom with AA and 20 with AGA. Patients with hair diseases had a lower education level than healthy controls (medium educational level: 43% vs. 28%). Overall, 41% of the patients reported stressful life events during the last 6 months compared with 31% of the controls. Patients with the same age, sex, depression level and comorbidities had a worse QoL when suffering from AA than from AGA (Mean Dermatology Life Quality Index score: 5.8 vs. 2.5). CONCLUSION: Patients with hair diseases are more anxious, depressed and have a lower QoL than controls.