Structural analysis of whey representation between rural and urban populations in western Mexico.

Whey is a by-product derived from cheese making. Despite being rich in nutrients, it is little used, it even represents a problem form the environment in Mexico. In this sense, it is important to know the meanings that are associated with this term, especially when it is intended to develop new products from this by-product. The objective of this work was to analyze the representation of the term whey in rural and urban populations through the Central core Theory. Additionally, the relationship between gender-place of residence with the evoked word is explored. Therefore, three hundred and sixty people (from rural and urban areas) were interviewed face to face in two areas in the western region of Mexico. Word association test was carried out, using "whey" as stimulus; the associated words were ordered according to their importance; the polarity index of each associated word was evaluated. The most frequently mentioned words were analyzed based on their frequency of mention and average importance to identify the conceptual structure of the concept representation. The results show and influence of the place of residence on the conceptual structure. Rural participants tend to generate more words with negative connotations, while the central elements of urban consumers are mainly related to dairy products. When comparing consumers by gender, rural and urban women associate "whey" with aspects of both the production process and dairy products. In the case of men, those from the urban zone, relate to aspects related to nutrition, dairy products and nutrients. In contrast, men from the rural area relate whey mainly to negative aspects such as pollution. The study confirms that there is a link between the place of residence and the conformation of the conceptual structure, where the gender-region relationship influences the definition of the term "whey".

[Computer-assisted total bilateral knee arthroplasty in one surgical time]. / Artroplastía total de rodilla bilateral en un tiempo quirúrgico asistida por computadora.

INTRODUCTION: Total navigated knee replacement uses a computer-guided system, which provides immediate information on pre-cut trans-operative conditions of the knee, in relation to pelvic limb alignment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive study conducted from March 2003 to February 2019. Total bilateral knee replacement was performed at the same time surgically by a surgeon, evaluating function and pain on the WOMAC, EVA, and range of motion scores of both knees. Two groups of patients were studied: the first represents presurgical and the second post-surgical. Student's t-test and 2 were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 31 patients (62 prostheses), 83.9% of the female sex and 16.1% male, average age 67.32 years, average follow-up 6.55 years (± 3.8) were studied. It was identified that 100% of the patients in both knees have a deviation between 0o and 2o measured in the mechanical axis. The WOMAC scale showed an average of 22.71 ± 3.34 presurgical and 4.16 ± 1.84) post-surgical, with statistically significant differences. The average analog visual scale was 9.06 ± 0.814 presurgical and 2.35 ± 1.427 post-surgical. CONCLUSIONS: This technique is reliable, safe and satisfactory. Excellent clinical and radiographic results were evident regarding the positioning of prosthetic components.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artroplastía total de rodilla navegada utiliza un sistema guiado por computadora que proporciona información inmediata de condiciones transoperatorias precorte de la rodilla, con relación a la alineación del miembro pélvico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, efectuado de Marzo de 2003 a Febrero de 2019. Se realizó artroplastía total de rodilla bilateral navegada en un mismo tiempo quirúrgico por un cirujano, evaluando función y dolor según las escalas WOMAC, EVA y arcos de movilidad de ambas rodillas. Se estudiaron dos grupos de pacientes: el primero representa prequirúrgicos y el segundo postquirúrgicos. Se aplicó prueba t de Student y 2 para el análisis estadístico. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 31 pacientes (62 prótesis), 83.9% del sexo femenino y 16.1% del masculino, edad media 67.32 años, media de seguimiento 6.55 años (± 3.8). Se identificó que 100% de los pacientes intervenidos en ambas rodillas tienen una desviación entre 0o y 2o medida en el eje mecánico. La escala WOMAC mostró una media de 22.71 ± 3.34 prequirúrgica y 4.16 ± 1.84 postquirúrgica, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La escala visual análoga media fue de 9.06 ± 0.814 prequirúrgico y 2.35 ± 1.427 postquirúrgico. CONCLUSIONES: Esta técnica es confiable, segura y satisfactoria. Se evidenciaron excelentes resultados clínicos y radiográficos respecto al posicionamiento de los componentes protésicos.