Methylomonas defluvii sp. nov., a type I methane-oxidizing bacterium from a secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant.

An aerobic methanotroph was isolated from a secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant and designated strain OY6T. Cells of OY6T were Gram-stain-negative, pink-pigmented, motile rods and contained an intracytoplasmic membrane structure typical of type I methanotrophs. OY6T could grow at a pH range of 4.5-7.5 (optimum pH 6.5) and at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 37 °C (optimum 30 °C). The major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and C16 : 1ω5c; the predominant respiratory quinone was MQ-8. The genome size was 5.41 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 51.7 mol%. OY6T represents a member of the family Methylococcaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria and displayed 95.74-99.64 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of species of the genus Methylomonas. Whole-genome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) confirmed that OY6T should be classified as representing a novel species. The most closely related type strain was Methylomonas fluvii EbBT, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, ANI by blast (ANIb), ANI by MUMmer (ANIm) and dDDH values of 99.64, 90.46, 91.92 and 44.5 %, respectively. OY6T possessed genes encoding both the particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme and the soluble methane monooxygenase enzyme. It grew only on methane or methanol as carbon sources. On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain OY6T represents a novel species within the genus Methylomonas for which the name Methylomonas defluvii sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OY6T (=GDMCC 1.4114T=KCTC 8159T=LMG 33371T) as the type strain.

Impact of different grade roads on ecological networks: A case study of Fuzhou City, China.

The expansion of roads exacerbates the fragmentation of ecological networks and obstructs landscape connectivity. Scientific analysis of the impacts of different grades of roads on landscape connectivity and ecological networks is crucial for guiding road planning and ecological conservation. Based on the data of 2020 road network, land cover types, and digital elevation models, we used morphological spatial pattern analysis and circuit theory to construct ecological networks within different species dispersal distances (1, 3, 5, 10 km) in Fuzhou. We analyzed the impacts of roads of different grades (motorway, urban expressway, primary and secondary highway) on landscape connectivity at the landscape-patch-corridor scale. The results showed that at the landscape scale, overall landscape connectivity was significantly positively correlated with species dispersal distance. The motorway, urban expressway, primary and secondary highway had the lowest decline rate of overall landscape connectivity within a 10 km species dispersal range, being reduced by 15.6%, 5.3%, 1.5% and 5.2%, respectively. At the patch scale, in the comparison of roads of different grades, motorway led to the highest decline rate of patch connectivity within 1 and 5 km species dispersal range, while primary highway led to the highest decline rate of patch connectivity within 3 and 10 km species dispersal range. At the corridor scale, urban expressway led the highest increase rate of indices. The cost-weighted distance of the overall least-cost path, the ratio of cost-weighted distance to length, ove-rall effective resistance, and total corridor length within 5 km species dispersal range were increased by 43.4%, 33.2%, 57.3%, and 7.3%, respectively. As the distance of species dispersal increased, the patches with high importance were reduced from the northern, central, and northwestern regions to the northern regions, leading to a decrease in the living space of species, and the key corridors were gradually extending from the northwestern and southern regions to the central regions. Our results can guide the construction and optimization of Fuzhou's ecological network from an overall perspective, and provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation, ecological restoration, and road network planning under the context of limited land resource utilization.

Detection method of organic light-emitting diodes based on small sample deep learning.

In order to solve the surface detection problems of low accuracy, low precision and inability to automate in the production process of late-model display panels, a little sample-based deep learning organic light-emitting diodes detection model SmartMuraDetection is proposed. First, aiming at the detection difficulty of low surface defect contrast, a gradient boundary enhancement algorithm module is designed to automatically identify and enhance defects and background gray difference. Then, the problem of insufficient little sample data sets is solved, Poisson fusion image enhancement module is designed for sample enhancement. Then, a TinyDetection model adapted to small-scale target detection is constructed to improve the detection accuracy of defects in small-scale targets. Finally, SEMUMaxMin quantization module is proposed as a post-processing module for the result images derived from network model reasoning, and accurate defect data is obtained by setting a threshold filter. The number of sample images in the experiment is 334. This study utilizes an organic light-emitting diodes detection model. The detection accuracy of surface defects can be improved by 85% compared with the traditional algorithm. The method in this paper is used for mass production evaluation in the actual display panel production site. The detection accuracy of surface defects reaches 96%, which can meet the mass production level of the detection equipment in this process section.

Characterization of a Novel Polysaccharide Derived from Rhizospheric Paecilomyces vaniformisi and Its Mechanism for Enhancing Salinity Resistance in Rice Seedlings.

Soil salinity is an important limiting factor in agricultural production. Rhizospheric fungi can potentially enhance crop salinity tolerance, but the precise role of signaling substances is still to be systematically elucidated. A rhizospheric fungus identified as Paecilomyces vaniformisi was found to enhance the salinity tolerance of rice seedlings. In this study, a novel polysaccharide (PPL2b) was isolated from P. vaniformisi and identified as consisting of Manp, Glcp, GalpA, and Galp. In a further study, PPL2b showed significant activity in alleviating salinity stress-induced growth inhibition in rice seedlings. The results indicated that under salinity stress, PPL2b enhances seed germination, plant growth (height and biomass), and biochemical parameters (soluble sugar and protein contents). Additionally, PPL2b regulates genes such as SOS1 and SKOR to decrease K+ efflux and increase Na+ efflux. PPL2b increased the expression and activity of genes related to antioxidant enzymes and nonenzyme substances in salinity-induced oxidative stress. Further study indicated that PPL2b plays a crucial role in regulating osmotic substances, such as proline and betaine, in maintaining the osmotic balance. It also modulates plant hormones to promote rice seedling growth and enhance their tolerance to soil salinity. The variables interacted and were divided into two groups (PC1 77.39% and PC2 18.77%) based on their relative values. Therefore, these findings indicate that PPL2b from P. vaniformisi can alleviate the inhibitory effects of salinity stress on root development, osmotic adjustment, ion balance, oxidative stress balance, and growth of rice seedlings. Furthermore, it suggests that polysaccharides produced by rhizospheric fungi could be utilized to enhance crop tolerance to salinity.

Intradural extramedullary spinal choristoma: A case report.

RATIONALE: A choristoma is a rare and benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of normal tissue in an anomalous anatomical location. In contrast, choristoma tend to occur in other body regions rather than within the spinal canal. Before our findings, only 4 cases of intraspinal choristoma had been recorded. Because its composition is complex and very rare, routine examinations, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are difficult to diagnose, and the possibility of its occurrence is often missed in clinical diagnosis. If there is no specificity in its components, such as in this case, even pathological examinations can only confirm the diagnosis as choristoma after eliminating other possibilities. Therefore, in clinical practice, when encountering patients with intraspinal tumors, it is essential to consider the possibility of choristoma. In this case, the choristoma lack of specific constituent composition sets it apart from previously reported intraspinal choristoma, significantly raising the diagnostic challenge, which offers valuable insights for clinical diagnosis. PATIENT CONCERNS: A female patient aged 48 years was admitted to our medical center due to experiencing persistent lower back pain accompanied by radiating pain in both legs for 5 months. Based on the findings from the neurological physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging, the patient was diagnosed with an intradural space-occupying lesion located at the level of the first lumbar vertebral body. We performed an enhanced magnetic resonance neurography examination to further determine the positional relationship between the occupation and nerves in preparation for surgery. Postoperative pathological biopsy showed that the mass was an intraspinal choristoma. DIAGNOSIS: Intradural extramedullary spinal choristoma. INTERVENTION: Occupied lesion is removed surgically. OUTCOMES: After surgery, all symptoms were significantly relieved, and when the patient was discharged, all symptoms disappeared completely. There was no sign of recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. LESSONS: Intraspinal choristomas are not specific and need to be diagnosed by pathologic examination. Early detection of and intervention for intraspinal tumors can mitigate nerve dysfunction.

Effect of intraoperative mild hyperventilation on the incidence of shoulder pain after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUNDS: To observe the effect of using mild intraoperative hyperventilation on the incidence of postlaparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP) in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, aged 22 to 36 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II, were divided into 2 groups according to method of random number table. A mild hyperventilation was used in group A with controlling pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) of 30 to 33 mm Hg, while conventional ventilation was used in group B with PETCO2 35 to 40 mm Hg during the operation. The incidence and severity of PLSP, dosage of remedial analgesia and adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 1 week after surgery were recorded. Arterial blood gas was recorded before anesthesia induction, 20 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, during suture skin, and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Compared with 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after operation, the incidence of PLSP at 1 week decreased significantly (P < .01). Compared with group B, the incidence of PLSP, pain score, and dosage of remedial analgesic at 12, 24,48, 72 hours, and 1 week after surgery were significantly decreased (P < .01). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in arterial blood gas analysis before anesthesia induction, 20 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, during suture skin, and 24 hours after surgery (P > .05). There were no significant difference of the occurrence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups within 1 week after surgery (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Mild hyperventilation can reduce the incidence and severity of PLSP after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy without increasing the associated adverse effects.

Late presentation of dural tears: Two case reports and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: The late presentation of dural tears (LPDT) has a low incidence rate and hidden symptoms and is easily ignored in clinical practice. If the disease is not treated in time, a series of complications may occur, including low intracranial pressure headache, infection, pseudodural cyst formation, and sinus formation. Here, we describe two cases of LPDT. CASE SUMMARY: Two patients had sudden fever 1 wk after lumbar surgery. Physical examination showed obvious tenderness in the operation area. The patients were confirmed as having LPDT by lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and surgical exploration. One case was caused by continuous negative pressure suction and malnutrition, and the other was caused by decreased dural ductility and low postoperative nutritional status. The first symptom of both patients was fever, with occasional headache. Both patients underwent secondary surgery to treat the LPDT. Dural defects were observed and dural sealants were used to seal the dural defects, then drainage tubes were retained for drainage. After the operation, the patients were treated with antibiotics and the patients' surgical incisions healed well, without fever or incision tenderness. Both recovered and were discharged 1 wk after the operation. CONCLUSION: LPDT is a rare complication of spinal surgery or neurosurgery that has hidden symptoms and can easily be overlooked. Since it may cause a series of complications, LPDT needs to be actively addressed in clinical practice.

Clinical management of dural defects: A review.

Dural defects are common in spinal and cranial neurosurgery. A series of complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, occur after rupture of the dura. Therefore, treatment strategies are necessary to reduce or avoid complications. This review comprehensively summarizes the common causes, risk factors, clinical complications, and repair methods of dural defects. The latest research progress on dural repair methods and materials is summarized, including direct sutures, grafts, biomaterials, non-biomaterial materials, and composites formed by different materials. The characteristics and efficacy of these dural substitutes are reviewed, and these materials and methods are systematically evaluated. Finally, the best methods for dural repair and the challenges and future prospects of new dural repair materials are discussed.

Evaluation of negative effect of Naphthenic acids (NAs) on physiological metabolism and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption of Phragmites australis.

Toxic substances in the environment disturb the adsorption of pollutants in plants but little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these processes. This study evaluated the PAH adsorption by Phragmites australis under NAs stress. Results showed that Naphthenic acids (NAs) significantly decreased the adsorption of PAHs and had higher selectivity for type and structure. P. australis root cell growth and mitosis were significantly affected by NAs, which was accompanied by serious disturbances in mitochondrial function. The physiological evaluation showed the NAs could increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation by around 16-fold and cause damage to the root cell normal redox equilibrium. The levels of three key related antioxidants, PLA, CAT and POD, decreased significantly to 35-50% under NAs stress and were dependent upon NAs concentration. Furthermore, NAs could significantly change the concentration and species of root exudates of P. ausralis. Autotoxic substances, including alcohol and amines, increased by 28.63% and 23.96, respectively. Sixteen compounds were identified and assumed as potential biomarkers. Galactonic, glyceric, and octadecanoic acid had the general effect of activating PAH in soil. The global view of the metabolic pathway suggests that NAs influenced the citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Detection data results indicated that the energy products cause hypoxia and oxidative stress, which are the main processes under the NAs. Furthermore, verification of these processes was fulfilled through gene expression and biomarkers quantification. Our results provide novel metabolic insights into the mechanisms of PAHs adsorption by P. australis under NAs disturbance, suggesting that monitoring NAs in phytoremediation applications is necessary.

Effects of Warm Needle Acupuncture plus Xitong Waixi Lotion in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of warm needle acupuncture plus Xitong Waixi lotion on the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and MMP-3 in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Eighty patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to our hospital from October 2019 to June 2021 were recruited and assigned via the random number table method at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either Xitong Waixi lotion (conventional group) or warm needle acupuncture plus Xitong Waixi lotion (combined group). Outcome measures included clinical efficacy, inflammatory cytokine level, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, and adverse reactions. Results: Warm needle acupuncture plus Xitong Waixi lotion was associated with a significantly higher clinical efficacy versus Xitong Waixi lotion alone (P=0.006). Patients in the combined group had significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) than those in the conventional group (P=0.020). Warm needle acupuncture plus Xitong Waixi lotion resulted in significantly lower WOMAC scores and VAS scores and higher HSS scores for the patients versus Xitong Waixi lotion (P=0.012). The two groups had a similar incidence of adverse events (P=0.068). Conclusion: Warm needle acupuncture plus Xitong Waixi lotion effectively alleviates the inflammatory response and knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis, with significant clinical effects and a high safety profile.

Processing Laue Microdiffraction Raster Scanning Patterns with Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case Study with a Fatigued Polycrystalline Sample.

The massive amount of diffraction images collected in a raster scan of Laue microdiffraction calls for a fast treatment with little if any human intervention. The conventional method that has to index diffraction patterns one-by-one is laborious and can hardly give real-time feedback. In this work, a data mining protocol based on unsupervised machine learning algorithm was proposed to have a fast segmentation of the scanning grid from the diffraction patterns without indexation. The sole parameter that had to be set was the so-called "distance threshold" that determined the number of segments. A statistics-oriented criterion was proposed to set the "distance threshold". The protocol was applied to the scanning images of a fatigued polycrystalline sample and identified several regions that deserved further study with, for instance, differential aperture X-ray microscopy. The proposed data mining protocol is promising to help economize the limited beamtime.

LncRNA SNHG1 modulates adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by promoting DNMT1 mediated Opg hypermethylation via interacting with PTBP1.

Recent evidence indicates that the abnormal differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. LncRNA SNHG1 has been found to be associated with the differentiation ability of BMSCs. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of lncRNA SNHG1 and its associated pathway on the differentiation of BMSCs in osteoporosis. Mice that underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) were used as models of osteoporosis. Induced osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation was performed in mouse BMSCs. Compared to sham animals, lncRNA SNHG1 expression was upregulated in OVX mice. Also, the in vitro expression of SNHG1 was increased in adipogenic BMSCs but decreased in osteogenic BMSCs. Moreover, overexpression of SNHG1 enhanced the adipogenic capacity of BMSCs but inhibited their osteogenic capacity as determined by oil red O, alizarin red, and alkaline phosphatase staining, while silencing of SNHG1 led to the opposite results. LncRNA SNHG1 interacting with the RNA-binding polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) promoted osteoprotegerin (Opg) methylation and suppressed Opg expression via mediating DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1. Furthermore, Opg was showed to regulate BMSC differentiation. Knockdown of SNHG1 decreased the expressions of adipogenic related genes but increased that of osteogenic related genes. However, the knockdown of Opg partially reversed those effects. In summary, lncRNA SNHG1 upregulated the expression of DNMT1 via interacting with PTBP1, resulting in Opg hypermethylation and decreased Opg expression, which in turn enhanced BMSC adipogenic differentiation and contributed to osteoporosis.

A comparison of long-term efficacy of K-rod-assisted non-fusion operation and posterior lumbar interbody fusion for single-segmental lumbar disc herniation.

K-rod-assisted non-fusion surgery for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation has been proven to have short-term clinical efficacy. Meanwhile, its long-term effects have not been examined. To observed the long-term clinical efficacy of K-rod-assisted non-fusion operation, this study retrospectively analyzed 22 patients with lumbar disc (L4/5) herniation who underwent K-rod-assisted non-fusion operation (n = 13) or PLIF (n = 9). They were followed-up for more than 5 years. The operation times and blood loss were significantly reduced in the K-rod group compared to the PLIF group. At the last follow-up, the clinical outcomes of the K-rod group were improved compared to those of the PLIF group as observed by the VAS score, JOABPEQ, and ODI. Imaging outcomes at the last follow-up indicated that the loss of height in the L3/4 and L5/S1 intervertebral space, the ROM of L3/4 and L5/S1, and the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration in the PLIF group were significantly higher than those in the K-rod group. According to Pfirrmann grading, Modic changes, and UCLA grading, the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was 55.6% in the PLIF group and 15.4% in the K-rod group. Changes in spino-pelvic parameters between the two groups were as follows: pelvic index remained unchanged, pelvic tilt angle increased, and lumbar lordosis and sacral slope decreased. Therefore, compared to PLIF, single-segment lumbar disc herniation using K-rod-assisted non-fusion surgery resulted in better long-term clinical efficacy. Our results demonstrate that this procedure can delay adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar surgery.

lncRNA SNHG1 induced by SP1 regulates bone remodeling and angiogenesis via sponging miR-181c-5p and modulating SFRP1/Wnt signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the functions and underlying mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in bone differentiation and angiogenesis in the development of osteoporosis. METHODS: The differential gene or proteins expressions were measured by qPCR or western blot assays, respectively. The targeted relationships among molecular were confirmed through luciferase reporter, RIP and ChIP assays, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red S (ARS) and TRAP staining were performed to measure the osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs. The viability, migration and angiogenesis in BM-EPCs were validated by CCK-8, clone formation, transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. Western blot and immunofluorescence detected the cytosolic/nuclear localization of ß-catenin. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were established to confirm the findings in vitro. RESULTS: SNHG1 was enhanced and miR-181c-5p was decreased in serum and femoral tissue from OVX mice. SNHG1 directly inhibited miR-181c-5p to activate Wnt3a/ß-catenin signaling by upregulating SFRP1. In addition, knockdown of SNHG1 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing miR-181c-5p. In contrast, SNHG1 overexpression advanced the osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited the angiogenesis of BM-EPCs, whereas these effects were all reversed by miR-181c-5p overexpression. In vivo experiments indicated that SNHG1 silencing alleviated osteoporosis through stimulating osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by modulating miR-181c-5p. Importantly, SNHG1 could be induced by SP1 in BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, SP1-induced SNHG1 modulated SFRP1/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway via sponging miR-181c-5p, thereby inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and angiogenesis while promoting osteoclast formation. Further, SNHG1 silence might provide a potential treatment for osteoporosis.

The Effect on the Fracture Healing following Femoral Neck Shortening after Osteoporotic Femoral Neck Fracture Treated with Internal Fixation: Finite Element Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stress status of fracture site caused by femoral neck shortening and to analyze the stress of fracture site and the implants from the finite element point of view. METHODS: CT scan data of hip of a normal adult female were collected. Three-dimensional reconstruction MICs and related module function simulation was used to establish the postoperative shortening model of femoral neck fracture with Pauwels angle > 50°, which was treated with cannulated screws. The models were divided into four groups: normal femoral neck, shortening in 2.5 mm, shortening in 7.5 mm, and shortening in 12.5 mm. The finite element analysis software msc.nastran2012 was used, and the data of maximum stress and stress nephogram of fracture site and implants were carried out. RESULTS: From normal femoral neck to shortening in 12.5 mm of the femoral neck, the maximum tensile stress increased gradually in the fracture site above the cannulated screws while compressive stress decreased gradually in the fracture site below the cannulated screws, and the maximum stress of the cannulated screws increased gradually with obvious stress concentration at the screw holes in the fracture site, and the peak value of stress concentration was about 179 MPa. CONCLUSION: The biomechanical environment of the fracture site changed by femoral neck shortening. With the increasing of femoral neck shortening, the stress of the fracture site and implants would be uneven; then, the stability of fracture site would become worse, and the possibility of implant sliding or even breakage would be increased.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula 8 years after lumbar discectomy surgery: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is an extremely rare vascular malformation of the central nervous system that is often confused with degenerative spinal disorders due to similar early symptoms and clinical features. Here, we report a case of SDAVF recurrence 8 years after lumbar spine surgery and summarize relevant literature. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of lower back pain, numbness in both lower extremities and intermittent claudication. Subsequent imaging identified lumbar spinal stenosis. Following surgical treatment, the patient's symptoms significantly resolved, and he was able to perform daily activities. However, similar symptoms appeared 8 years later, followed by confirmation of SDAVF diagnosis. The patient underwent neurosurgery 7 mo after symptom onset. The follow-up period lasted 14 mo, and the patient remains with marginal neurological symptoms. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of prompt SDAVF diagnosis. Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, the clinical experience of the surgeon and definitive imaging examination are indispensable. Additionally, timely neurosurgery is effective and may significantly improve patient outcomes.

[Progress of parathyroid hormone regulating bone metabolism via different signaling pathways].

Parathyroid hormone is one kind of osteoanabolic agents widely used in clinic for osteoporosis. However, parathyroid hormone needs to be further optimized in the treatment of osteoporosis due to its two way regulatory effect of bone formation with low-dose intermittent treatmentand bone resorption with high-dosecontinuous treatment. Hence, based on the molecular mechanism of parathyroid hormone regulating bone metabolism, we conclude that parathyroid hormone regulates bone metabolism mainly through the following signaling pathways: (1) Gs/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, whichis the main mechanism of parathyroid hormone regulating bone metabolism to lead to bone formation or bone resorption. (2) Gq/11/PLC/PKC signaling pathway, whose f_6_main function is to inhibit osteogenesis.(3)nonPLC/PKC signaling pathway, which is considered to playosteogenic effect, but whose specific content is not completely clear. (4) ß-arrestin signaling pathway, which can only induceosteogenesis without osteoclastic activation byreceptor desensitization and endocytosis. In this work, we will review the specific contents and functions of the four main signaling pathways activated by parathyroid hormoneto find more optimalosteoanabolic agents. Among them, SOST and Dickkopf-1 monoclonal antibodies are novel targeted drugs. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide that specifically activates the nonPLC/PKC signaling pathway or ß-arrestin signaling pathway is worthy of further development and application.

Osteocalcin and Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To investigate the serum level of osteocalcin (OC), also known as bone Gla protein, in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and its correlation with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Methods: From July 2017 to February 2020, we enrolled 108 adult MHD patients. Routine fasting blood laboratory tests were performed before the start of the second hemodialysis in a week. Abdominal aortic calcification score (AACs) was assessed within 1 month. Pearson correlation and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The OC level was 231.56 (25.92,361.33) ng/ml, elevating significantly in this group of MHD patients. It had a positive correlation with serum phosphorus (r = 0.511, P = 0.001), intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH) (r = 0.594, P = 0.0001), fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23) (r = 0.485, P = 0.003) and a negative correlation with age(r = -0.356, P = 0.039). Based on the AACs, patients were divided into two groups. Serum OC level were higher in patients with AACs≥5 (p=0.032). A multiple logistics regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR]1.14, P=0.005) and OC(OR=1.10, P=0.008)were risk factors for high AACs(≥5). Conclusion: The study implicated that OC elevated significantly in this group of MHD patients.OC is positively correlated with phosphorus, iPTH, FGF23, and a negative correlation with age. OC was a risk factor for vascular calcification in this study, but this study did not classify osteocalcin as c-OC and unOC. Whether unOC is associated more directly with vascular calcification requires further study.

Cardiac rehabilitation of Baduanjin exercise in coronary heart disease after PCI: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective revascularization strategy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, recent studies had indicated that postPCI patients usually suffer from a low-quality life. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been recommended by numerous guidelines in the clinic for these patients. And Baduanjin exercise can significantly benefit patients with CHD. Regrettably, the effect of Baduanjin exercise on postPCI patients is still not clear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is planned to explore the effect of Baduanjin exercise in patients with CHD who have undergone PCI. METHODS: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, SINOMED, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be searched for appropriate articles from respective inceptions until December 1th, 2020. Two reviewers will independently conduct article selection, data collection, and risk of bias evaluation. Disagreements will be resolved first by discussion and then by consulting a third author for arbitration. The primary outcome will include left ventricular ejection fraction. And the change in the scores on the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, SF-36 health survey scale, Zung Self-rating Anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale will be used as the secondary outcomes. RevMan 5.3 will be used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis will explore whether Baduanjin exercise is an effective intervention in postPCI patients. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide convincing evidence of Baduanjin exercise that specifically focuses on CR of Baduanjin exercise on CHD after PCI. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202130065.

High Strain Rate Response of In-Situ TiB2/7055 Composite by Taylor Impact.

The high strain rate deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of in situ TiB2 particle reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composite were investigated by means of Taylor impact. The dynamic tests were performed at three different impact velocities. Under three different velocities, no obvious shear failure occurred in the composite, indicating a good impact resistance. Compared to the quasi-static compression test, the dynamic yield strength increased obviously with the rise of velocity, even more than 1 GPa. The dislocation multiplication, phonon drag effect and ceramic reinforcement increased the flow stress of composite. Fine, equiaxed grain structure developed after impact, resulting from grain fragmentation or dynamic recrystallization. Finite element simulation of Taylor impact was qualitatively in agreement with the experiments, which was useful to elucidate the formation of equiaxed grain structure.