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BACKGROUND: Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a mirror-image orientation of abdominal, and in some cases, thoracic organs. Here, we report our situs inversus totalis transplantation experience and further review liver transplantations in adult recipients and donors with situs inversus totalis. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe three cases with situs inversus totalis. The first case was liver transplantation in a recipient (a 61-year-old Iranian man) with situs inversus totalis, the second was a liver transplantation from a donor (a 52-year-old Iranian woman) with situs inversus totalis, and finally, for the first time, a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation in a recipient (a 26-year-old Iranian man) with situs inversus totalis. In patient one, hepatectomy could be performed according to the standard method and on the basis of preoperative studies. Hepatic vein and arterial anastomosis were performed as in every other patient without situs inversus totalis. To prevent biliary complications, a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. In patient two, implantation time, suprahepatic vein, portal vein, arterial, and biliary reconstruction could be done as in any other case without situs inversus totalis. Plication of the right-sided diaphragm and fixation of the falciform ligament was done for our patient. In patient three, systemic drainage was preferred to portal flow for establishing the outflow drainage of the pancreas compared with otherwise normal patients. CONCLUSION: Although situs inversus totalis is a rare condition, our reported techniques are suitable, considering advantages such as easier accessibility, more acceptable placement of the implanted organs regarding vascular variations, and the appropriate location of the allograft in the proximity of other organs.
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Trasplante de Hígado , Trasplante de Páncreas , Situs Inversus , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Adulto , Situs Inversus/complicaciones , Situs Inversus/cirugía , Femenino , Trasplante de Riñón , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
Hearing impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), can affect the quality of life. At present, hearing dysfunction does not have an approved pharmacologic therapy. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of curcumin as a therapeutic agent on hearing impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 40 chronic kidney disease patients not on dialysis with hearing impairment. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group received curcumin daily and the other received a placebo for 12 weeks. The interval between III and V waves, latency of wave V, auditory brain stem response (ABR) threshold, speech reception threshold (SRT), and speech discrimination score (SDS) were evaluated and analyzed before and after the intervention. After treatment, in the curcumin group, III-V waves interval and the latency of wave V were significantly reduced (P value < 0.0001), also ABR threshold was demonstrated a significant improvement (P value < 0.0001). In the trial group, the SDS was increased (P = 0.001) and the SRT was attenuated (P < 0.0001). We had either significant deterioration due to the course of the disease or insignificant changes in the placebo group. Daily administration of curcumin, can significantly improve hearing impairment in CKD patients. Accordingly, curcumin should be considered as a therapeutic option for treating hearing impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Umbral Auditivo , Curcumina , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Humanos , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Femenino , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Doble Ciego , Umbral Auditivo/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefálico/efectos de los fármacos , Pérdida Auditiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a multiorgan condition of acute kidney injury, is seen in advanced liver disease. This study aims to evaluate the current treatment for HRS. METHODS: The authors searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar literature. After quality assessment, 31 studies were included in this review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology and the population, intervention, comparison and outcome scheme were used. We included human-controlled trials that evaluate the current treatment for HRS. Two authors independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. RESULTS: This study investigated the studies conducted on the effects of different treatments on follow-up of HRS patients. We gathered 440 articles, so 31 articles remained in our study. Of which 24 articles were conducted on terlipressin versus placebo or other treatments (midodrine/octreotide, norepinephrine, etc) that showed the higher rate of HRS reversal was detected for terlipressin in 17 studies (10 of them were significant), 2 studies achieved an insignificant lower rate of the model for end-stage liver disease score for terlipressin, 15 studies showed a decreased mortality rate in the terlipressin group (4 of them were significant). CONCLUSION: This review showed that terlipressin has a significantly higher reversal rate of HRS than the other treatments. Even the results showed that terlipressin is more efficient than midodrine/octreotide and norepinephrine as a previous medication, in reverse HRS, increasing patient survival.
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Enfermedad Hepática en Estado Terminal , Síndrome Hepatorrenal , Midodrina , Humanos , Terlipresina/uso terapéutico , Vasoconstrictores/uso terapéutico , Midodrina/uso terapéutico , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/tratamiento farmacológico , Octreótido/uso terapéutico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Norepinefrina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To achieve optimal blood pressure control in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, identifying methods of volume assessment with the strongest correlation with blood pressure is essential. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 52 CAPD patients were assigned to automated office blood pressure (AOBP) measurement, assessment of pedal pitting edema, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI%) measurement. Data were analyzed using STATA ver.17, and the significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were divided based on their AOBP readings. 29 (55.8%) of patients had uncontrolled AOBP. Overhydration (OH) and the grade of pitting edema were significantly higher in the uncontrolled AOBP group. OH was identified as the best variable for predicting blood pressure (p ≤ 0.001) and detecting uncontrolled blood pressure (AUC = 0.832) using multivariate linear regression and ROC analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: BIA-derived OH was the best variable for predicting systolic and diastolic AOBP, outperforming IVCCI% and pitting edema.
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Hipertensión , Diálisis Peritoneal Ambulatoria Continua , Humanos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea/métodos , Edema/diagnóstico por imagen , Edema/etiología , EcocardiografíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common reported renal complication associated with COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of AKI, the predisposing factors, and its impact on the patient's outcomes in COVID-19. METHODS: By collecting retrospective data, we conducted a crosssectional study on hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients in a COVID-19- designated hospital in Shiraz, Iran, from March 2020 to June 2020. Patients' characteristics and laboratory findings were recorded in data gathering sheets. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software Version 16. A P value < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: This study was conducted on 980 patients with COVID-19 (mean age: 51.2 ± 16.2 years and men: 54.8%), of which 32.6% developed AKI during their hospitalization period, and 1.3% ended up requiring renal replacement therapy. Patients with higher AKI stages experienced more severe/critical COVID-19 (stage 3: 71.0%, stage 2: 44.8%, stage 1: 6.5%; P < .001). The multivariate analysis showed that the proteinuria had the highest relationship with AKI (OR = 6.77 [95% CI: 4.39 to 10.41], P < .001), followed by in-hospital death (OR = 5.14 [95% CI: 1.86 to 14.47], P = .002). In addition, in-hospital death was more observed in higher stages of AKI (OR = 12.69 [95% CI: 3.85 to 42.09], P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are vulnerable to AKI, especially those who experienced more severe COVID-19 or require mechanical ventilation, which considerably affects the patients' mortality. The high incidence of AKI in our patients demonstrated that it should be considered as one of the common complications of COVID-19, and diagnostic measures, particularly in severe or critical cases, are recommended. DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7636.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , COVID-19 , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , COVID-19/complicaciones , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudios Retrospectivos , Incidencia , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Organ transplantation can lead to human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) transmission in humans. This report aims to describe the possible complications related to an atypical course of VL after kidney transplantation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old man who suffered end-stage renal failure received a deceased donor kidney transplant after 2 years of hemodialysis. Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone were used for immunosuppressive therapy, and renal function remained stable for 2.5 years. He was referred to our hospital because of fever and malaise. Physical and radiological examinations showed mild splenomegaly and cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Laboratory data showed bicytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein, serum creatinine, and non-nephrotic proteinuria. Bone marrow biopsy aspiration showed no abnormality. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of Leishmania infantum. Anti-leishmanial therapy was initiated with liposomal amphotericin B for 2 weeks, and the patient became clinically stable. So far, there has been no evidence of clinical or biological relapse, and kidney function is stable. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that VL has become increasingly widespread in immunocompromised patients in endemic regions, especially in patients with transplants, it is crucial to screen and rule out VL as a cause of infection in these patients. The probability of this problem should be considered in every patient with a transplant in endemic and nonendemic areas. Furthermore, our study showed that through timely diagnosis using noninvasive methods and standard treatments, mortality caused by this disease can be properly prevented.
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OBJECTIVES: Thiopurine prodrugs are commonly used in kidney transplant recipients. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is an enzyme encoded by the ITPA gene. Alteration of ITPA gene is one of the pharmacogenetic sequence variants possibly involved in thiopurine metabolism. The ITPA 94C>A sequence variant (C-to-A substitution at nucleotide 94) is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions in patients treated with the thiopurine drug. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the ITPA 94C>A gene sequence variant in kidney transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The genotyping of the ITPA rs1127354 variant was performed by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 140 kidney transplant recipients and in 100 control participants. Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant difference between control and nonrejection groups regarding the rs1127354 genotype and allele frequency. No significant difference was found between the rejection and nonrejection groups regarding the rs1127354 genotype and allele frequency. Also, a significant association was observed between the ageofthe control group and age of the rejection group. No significant differences between sex and underlying disease in patients with or without rejection were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed no significant differences between rejection and nonrejection transplant. Further studies are recommended, in a larger population and with different ethnicities.
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Trasplante de Riñón , Humanos , Irán , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Receptores de Trasplantes , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Etnicidad , Pirofosfatasas/genéticaRESUMEN
A rare case of a 35 years old woman presented with renal arcuate vein thrombosis (RAVT) and acute kidney injury (AKI) following upper respiratory tract symptoms and toxic substance ingestion. Histopathological evaluation of the patient's kidney tissue indicated a rare venous thrombosis in the renal arcuate veins. Anticoagulation with Apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), was commenced, and the patient's symptoms resolved during the hospital stay. Hitherto, a limited number of studies have shown the concurrent presentation of RAVT and overt AKI in patients following ingestion of nephrotoxic agents. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of RAVT. We suggest that Apixaban be studied as a suitable alternative to conventionally used anti-coagulants such as Warfarin in patients who lack access to optimal health care facilities.
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BACKGROUND: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who are immunosuppressed, human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection can be reactivated, resulting in BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVN). Considering that BKPyV inhibits CD4+ T cell differentiation, we investigated the effect of BKPyV large T antigen (LT-Ag) on the maturation of CD4+ T cell subsets during active BKPyV infection. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we examined the following groups: 1) five KTRs with active viral infection (BKPyV+ KTRs), 2) five KTRs without active viral infection (BKPyV-KTRs), and 3) five healthy controls. We measured the frequency of CD4+ T cells and their different subsets, such as naive T cells, central memory T cells (Tcm), and effector memory T cells (Tem). All these subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with the overlapping BKPyV LT-Ag peptide pool. In addition, CD4+ T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry for the presence of CD4, CCR7, CD45RO, CD107a, and granzyme B (GB). In addition, mRNA expression of transcription factors (TFs) such as T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3, and STAT-6 was examined. The probability of inflammation with perforin protein was examined by SYBR Green real-time PCR. RESULTS: After stimulation of PBMCs, naive T cells (CD4+CCR7+CD45RO-) (p = 0.9) and CD4+ T cells which release CD107a+ (CD4+CD107a+Geranzyme B-) (p = 0.9) T cells were more abundant in BKPyV+ KTRs than in BKPyV- KTRs. In contrast, central memory T cells (CD4+CCR7+CD45RO+) (p = 0.1) and effector memory T cells (CD4+CCR7-CD45RO+) (p = 0.1) were more abundant in BKPyV- KTRs than in BKPyV+ KTRs. The mRNA expression levels of T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3, and STAT-6 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in BKPyV- KTRs than in BKPyV+ KTRs which may be due to a higher differentiation level of CD4+ T cells. Due to inflammation, the mRNA expression level of perforin was higher in BKPyV+ KTRs, than in BKPyV- KTRs, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.175). CONCLUSIONS: The high number of naive T cells after PBMC stimulation with the LT-Ag peptide pool was observed in BKPyV+ KTRs due to the interaction of LT-Ag with T cells. This means that BKPyV by using its LT-Ag can inhibit the naive T cell differentiation to other T cell subsets like central and effector memory T cells. However, the frequency of CD4+ T cell subsets and the combination of the activities of these cells with the expression profile of the target genes in this study may be efficient in treating and diagnosing BKPyV infections in kidney recipients.
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BackgroundImmunocompromised patients have lower seroconversion rate in response to COVID-19 vaccination. The aim of this study is to evaluate the humoral immune response with short-term clinical outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV; Sinopharm).MethodsThis prospective cohort was conducted from March to December 2021 in Abu Ali Sina hospital, Iran. All transplant recipients, older than 18 years were recruited. The patients received two doses of Sinopharm vaccine 4 weeks apart. Immunogenicity was evaluated through assessment of antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 after the first and second dose of vaccine. The patients were followed up for 6 months after vaccination.ResultsOut of 921 transplant patients, 115 (12.5%) and 239 (26%) had acceptable anti S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels after the first and second dose, respectively. Eighty patients (8.68%) got infected with COVID-19 which led to 45 (4.9%) of patients being hospitalized. None of the patients died during follow-up period. Twenty-four (10.9%) liver transplant recipients developed liver enzyme elevation, and increased serum creatinine was observed in 86 (13.5%) kidney transplant patients. Two patients experienced biopsy-proven rejection without any graft loss.ConclusionOur study revealed that humoral response rate of solid organ transplant recipients to Sinopharm vaccine was low.
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COVID-19 , Trasplante de Riñón , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Estudios Prospectivos , Receptores de Trasplantes , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Needle stick injury (NSI) is the most common cause of infection with blood-borne pathogens (BBP) among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of NSI and it's contributing factors among HCWs of hemodialysis (HD) units in southwest Iran. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 13 HD centers in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 122 employees were enrolled in our study. We used self-administrated questionnaires to collect data about demographics, experiences regarding NSIs, and general health status. The statistical tests used in this study were Chi-square and Independent T-test. A P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 36.1 ± 7.8 years (72.1%: women). Exposure to NSIs was reported by 23.0% of them at least once during the previous six months. NSI prevalence was significantly higher among those with higher age (p = 0.033), work experience > 10 years (p = 0.040), and those who graduated earlier (p = 0.031). The intravenous injection was the most common procedure leading to NSI, and being in a hurry was the most common cause. The average general health was 3.7 ± 3.2, higher among those not exposed to NSI (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: NSI is a prevalent hazard in HCWs of HD units. The high rate of NSI and unreported cases, besides the lack of adequate information, indicates the necessity of implementing protocols and strategies for improving the safety of this personnel. It is difficult to compare the result of this study with those performed among HCWs in other settings; hence, further studies are needed to determine whether HCWs of these units are more exposed to NSIs.
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Lesiones por Pinchazo de Aguja , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Irán , Personal de Salud , Diálisis RenalRESUMEN
Objective: Olfactory dysfunction can be seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We aimed to investigate the effects of olfactory training and curcumin on olfactory dysfunction in CKD patients and compare their impact with a placebo. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in CKD patients, 2021-2022. We enrolled 60 participants in our study into three groups (curcumin, training, and control). Participants were randomized into trials and control groups and assessed using the Iran-smell identification test (Iran-SIT), a questionnaire of olfactory disorders (QOD), and a self-assessment tool. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We gathered 58 participants (mean age of 56.1 ± 2.5, 56.9% men). All the tests showed that curcumin improved olfactory function after the trial, though it was significant in QOD (17.5 ± 11.8 vs. 13.1 ± 9.7, p = 0.045) and self-assessment results (8.5 ± 3.1 vs. 9.5 ± 4.0, p = 0.047). Moreover, compared to baseline, training patients experienced an increase in their olfactory function in Iran-SIT (15.3 ± 4.9 vs. 18.8 ± 2.7, p = 0.001), QOD (19.0 ± 10.4 vs. 12.2 ± 9.9, p = 0.003), and self-assessment tools (6.8 ± 1.8 vs. 8.2 ± 3.1, p = 0.027). In contrast, the olfactory function was unchanged in control in all the tests (p > 0.05). Also, the improved change of Iran-SIT and QOD scores during the trial was more significant in training compared to the curcumin group (p < 0.002). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that olfactory training, even more than curcumin, can improve olfactory function in CKD patients. This information may help manage olfactory dysfunction in the CKD population.
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Since the pandemic began in December 2019, SARS-Cov2 has accentuated the wide gap and disparities in socioeconomic and healthcare access at individual, community, country, and regional levels. More than two years into the current pandemic, up to three-fourths of the patients are reporting continued signs and symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19, and Long COVID portends to be a major challenge in the future ahead. With a comprehensive overview of the literature, we found that most studies concerning long COVID came from high and upper-middle income countries, and people of low-income and lower-and-middle income regions and vulnerable groups with comorbid conditions have been neglected. Apart from the level of income, there is a significant geographical heterogeneity in investigating the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or what we call now, long COVID. We believe that these recognizing health disparities is crucial from equity perspective and is the first step toward global health promotion.
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COVID-19 , Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , ARN Viral , SARS-CoV-2 , GeografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As a medical problem, hypertension is one of the most common disorders in cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure has been identified as one of the most familiar risk factors for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We planned to explore the possible interactions between anti-hypertensive agents and drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 with broad investigations of these medications' mechanism of action and adverse effects. METHODS: Two co-authors searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) to collect papers relevant to the subject. The keywords searched were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs), sympatholytic drugs (alpha-1 blockers, beta-blockers), vasodilators (calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and hydralazine), diuretics, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, interferons, azithromycin, anti-cytokine agents, glucocorticoids, anticoagulant agents, nitric oxide, and epoprostenol. RESULTS: QT prolongation, arrhythmia, hypokalemia, hypertriglyceridemia are the most dangerous adverse effects in the patients on COVID-19 medications and anti-hypertensive drugs. CONCLUSION: This review emphasized the importance of the potential interaction between drugs used against COVID-19 and anti-hypertensive agents. Therefore, caution must be exercised when these medications are being used simultaneously.
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COVID-19 , Hipertensión , Humanos , Antihipertensivos/efectos adversos , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The variability in developing New-onset Diabetes Mellitus After Transplantation (NODAT), together with previously well-established interindividual variation in glucocorticoid sensitivity, led us to hypothesize that polymorphisms in the NR3C1 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor may alter glucose balance in kidney transplant recipients. This study aimed to evaluate the association of three functional polymorphisms, BclI, N363S, and ER22/23EK, on the NR3C1 gene with NODAT in kidney allograft recipients. METHODS: From Jun 2020 to July 2022 in Shiraz, 52 patients with NODAT (case group) and 52 non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients (control group) were randomly screened and recruited in this case-control study. The PCR-RFLP technique determined the genotypes of BclI, N363S, and ER22/23EK polymorphisms. RESULTS: The allelic frequencies of the mutant alleles of BclI, N363S, and ER22/23EK polymorphisms in all patients were 0.36, 0.03, and 0.009, respectively. BclI mutant genotypes (CG and GG) were significantly associated with an increased risk of NODAT (P = 0.016), while the two other polymorphisms disclosed no significant association with NODAT development. In the case group, no significant association was detected between the onset time of NODAT and studied polymorphisms, including BclI (P = 0.43), N363S (P = 0.30), and ER22/23EK. P value was not reported for the last polymorphism because all patients with NODAT had the wild-type genotype (GG/GG) and performing statistical analysis was not feasible. Among studied demographic/clinical/paraclinical variables, factors such as higher mean trough level of tacrolimus during the first month after transplantation and higher mean daily dose of prednisolone significantly linked with NODAT development. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that BclI polymorphism significantly affects NODAT development among Iranian kidney allograft recipients.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Trasplante de Riñón , Humanos , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Irán , Polimorfismo Genético , Diabetes Mellitus/genéticaRESUMEN
Early detection of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) would enhance their quality of life and save the allograft. Still, many patients lose their grafted kidneys because of this infection. BKPyV microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected in KTRs during viral infection. BKPyV produces two mature miRNAs that are named BKV-miR-B1-5p and BKV-miR-B1-3p. Additionally, BKPyV associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney transplanted patients cause changes in the expression level of host genes and miRNAs such as IFN-É£, BCLA2A1, has-miR-10, and has-miR-30a. BKVAN can alter viral genes and miRNAs expression level, too, like viral miRNAs and T-Ag. However, their potential value as viral infection markers and the regulatory network produced by their expression during viral-host interactions needs more consideration since there are no approved medications for treating BKPyV-related diseases in KTRs. Hence, it is vital to recognize complicated facts regarding the impact of BKPyV infection on the distribution of miRNAs and mRNAs within the host cell and the virus. This article is categorized under: Translation > Regulation RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Virus BK , Trasplante de Riñón , MicroARNs , Infecciones por Polyomavirus , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , ARN Viral/genética , Calidad de Vida , MicroARNs/genética , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/etiología , Virus BK/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Renal transplantation stands as the sole remedy for individuals afflicted with end-stage renal diseases, and safeguarding them from transplant rejection represents a vital, life-preserving endeavor posttransplantation. In this context, the impact of cytokines, notably IL-27, assumes a critical role in managing immune responses aimed at countering rejection. Consequently, this investigation endeavors to explore the precise function of IL-27 and its associated cytokines in the context of kidney transplant rejection. METHODS: The study involved the acquisition of blood samples from a cohort of participants, consisting of 61 individuals who had undergone kidney transplantation (comprising 32 nonrejected patients and 29 rejected patients), and 33 healthy controls. The expression levels of specific genes were examined using SYBR Green Real-time PCR. Additionally, the evaluation encompassed the estimation of the ROC curve, the assessment of the relationship between certain blood factors, and the construction of protein-protein interaction networks for the genes under investigation. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences in gene expression levels were observed between the rejected group and healthy controls, encompassing all the genes examined, except for TLR3 and TLR4 genes. Moreover, the analysis of the Area Under the Curve (AUC) revealed that IL-27, IL-27R, TNF-α, and TLR4 exhibited greater significance in discriminating between the two patient groups. These findings highlight the potential importance of IL-27, IL-27R, TNF-α, and TLR4 as key factors for distinguishing between individuals in the rejected group and those in the healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of kidney rejections occurring within the specific timeframe of 2 weeks to 2 months post-transplantation, it is crucial to emphasize the significance of cytokines mRNA level, including IL-27, IL-27R, TNF-α, and TLR4, in elucidating and discerning the diverse immune system responses. The comprehensive examination of these cytokines' mRNA level assumes considerable importance in understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying kidney rejection processes during this critical period.
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Rechazo de Injerto , Interleucina-27 , Trasplante de Riñón , Humanos , Citocinas , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
The retroperitoneum (RP) might be affected by a variety of infections, inflammations, and tumors, including benign and malignant ones. Although primary malignant tumors are the most prevalent ones in this anatomic area, metastatic and invasive tumors rarely involve the retroperitoneum. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered as the most common tumors that invade the retroperitoneum, but, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time a surgery team has encountered the appendiceal tumor as a huge retroperitoneal mass. A 68-year-old man was referred to the emergency department with abdominal distension and weight loss. In his course of hospitalization, a huge right retroperitoneal mass was detected by a computed tomography (CT) scan; after that, the patient underwent laparotomy, evacuation of massive mucinous tissue located in the right retroperitoneum, and right hemicolectomy due to appendiceal tumor. The histopathological examination showed "mucinous appendiceal neoplasm." This is the first case study showing the invasion of an appendiceal tumor through the visceral peritoneum into the retroperitoneum, so an invasion of the peritoneal tumor to the retroperitoneum should be considered when a urologist approaches retroperitoneal masses.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation remains a common opportunistic infection with a prominent role in immune reconstitution in organ transplant recipients. CMVs as important drivers of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation has been indicated to prompt several phenotypic and functional alteration in these cells. We aimed to monitor the reconstitution of NK cells and change the signature of inflammatory proteins at the critical phase of CMV reactivation over six months after kidney transplantation. The present study indicated that CMV reactivation is associated with the development of IL-6, IL-10, and cytotoxic granules, including granzyme-B and granulysin, and the drop in the frequency of CD16 + NKG2A-CD57 + NK cell subset in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with reactivation versus non- reactivated ones. Our findings describe distinct immune signatures that emerged with CMV reactivation after kidney transplantation, which may be helpful in the timely management of CMV infection in KTRs.