RESUMEN
Lipase/metal nanobiohybrids, generated by growth of silver or gold nanoparticles on protein matrixes are used as highly effective dual-activity heterogeneous catalysts for the production of enantiomerically enriched 2,5-dihydrofurans from allenic acetates in a one-pot cascade process combining a lipase-mediated hydrolytic kinetic resolution with a metal-catalyzed allene cycloisomerization. Incorporating a novel strategy based on enzyme-polymer bioconjugates in the nanobiohybrid preparation enables excellent conversions in the process. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in combination with a dextran-based polymer modifier (DexAsp) proved to be most efficient when merged with silver nanoparticles. A range of hybrid materials were produced, combining Ag or Au metals with Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) or CALB and its DexAsp or polyethyleneimine polymer bioconjugates. The wider applicability of the biohybrids is demonstrated by their use in allenic alcohol cyclizations, where a variety of dihydrofurans are obtained using a CALB/gold nanomaterial. These results underline the potential of the nanobiohybrid catalysis as promising approach to intricate one-pot synthetic strategies.
RESUMEN
The mitochondrial intermembrane space protein AIFM1 has been reported to mediate the import of MIA40/CHCHD4, which forms the import receptor in the mitochondrial disulfide relay. Here, we demonstrate that AIFM1 and MIA40/CHCHD4 cooperate beyond this MIA40/CHCHD4 import. We show that AIFM1 and MIA40/CHCHD4 form a stable long-lived complex in vitro, in different cell lines, and in tissues. In HEK293 cells lacking AIFM1, levels of MIA40 are unchanged, but the protein is present in the monomeric form. Monomeric MIA40 neither efficiently interacts with nor mediates the import of specific substrates. The import defect is especially severe for NDUFS5, a subunit of complex I of the respiratory chain. As a consequence, NDUFS5 accumulates in the cytosol and undergoes rapid proteasomal degradation. Lack of mitochondrial NDUFS5 in turn results in stalling of complex I assembly. Collectively, we demonstrate that AIFM1 serves two overlapping functions: importing MIA40/CHCHD4 and constituting an integral part of the disulfide relay that ensures efficient interaction of MIA40/CHCHD4 with specific substrates.
