Assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor in histological, clinical and pathological staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive epithelial neoplasm with varying degrees of squamous differentiation that arises from the following anatomic sites: the oral cavity, particularly oral soft tissues including the gingival and alveolar mucosa, floor of the mouth, tongue, soft and hard palate, tonsils and oropharynx. In normal epithelium EGFR is localized to basal cell layer, while its expression beyond basal localization in cancerous tissue suggest that correlation of EGFR and tumor progression might exist. The present study aimed to assess epidermal growth factor receptor in histological, clinical and pathological staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The current study was performed on subject with confirmed histological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of age group between 35 and 70 years reported to Kempe-Gowda Institute of Medical Science and Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital Bangalore and KIDWAI Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore between December 2019 and March 2021. Total of 30 subjects included in the study of age group between 35 and 70 years. In the selected subject for the study, tumor was resected and preserved in 10% formalin, which was sent to department of pathology for analysis and PTNM was recorded. Immunohistochemical evaluation of EGFR was done. Total score of EGFR of each subject was co-related with pathological prognostic factor. Results: Correlation of EGFR with adjuvant therapy and histological grading, P values were 0.001 and 0.005, respectively. The obtained results were tabulated statistically using Chi square test and significance was set at P < 0.05. Conclusion: A preventive approach and assessment of EGFR in early stage of SCC provide better results. Subjects with higher EGFR value have poor prognosis and have to undergo postsurgical adjuvant therapy for long term-survival.

Two Episodes of Trigeminocardiac Reflex During a Pan facial Fracture Surgery, a Rare Phenomenon - Case Report and Review of Literature.

Trigeminocardiac reflex is a sudden physiologic response due to mechanical manipulation of any of the branches of trigeminal nerve. Trigeminocardiac reflex occurs due to pressure effect or stretching of trigeminal nerve which causes fall in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate. In this reflex arc, the trigeminal nerve serves as afferent pathway and vagus nerve, which is cardio inhibitory in nature, serves as efferent pathway. Two episodes of trigeminocardiac reflex during maxillofacial trauma surgery is not a common phenomenon. The present case report describes a case of 40-year-old male patient, diagnosed with pan facial fracture in which two episodes of trigeminocardiac reflex were seen intraoperatively during fracture reduction and fixation of left zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture and inferior orbital rim fracture. Intraoperative management of trigeminocardiac reflex was done by withholding the stimulus and administration of atropine.

Epidermal growth factor receptor: Role in human cancer.

Cells are constantly exposed to various external stimuli which regulate the growth and survival of the cells. The signal transduction from the external environment to the interior of the cell is carried out by cell surface or transmembrane receptors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a type I receptor tyrosine kinase and along with its ligands, EGFR is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways. EGFR and its signaling pathway have been studied extensively for the biological and pathophysiological role in health and disease. There is enough evidence to suggest that EGFR is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various cancers. This review discusses the structural anatomy and physiology of EGFR and its ligands, the role of EGFR in cancer and EGFR-targeted therapy.

Management of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.

Surgical management of malignant tumors disfigures and demoralizes individuals. Management of such patients requires concern humane approach, meticulous planning and judicious management of a case. It is the responsibility of a dentist to restore the lost function, speech and esthetics. This clinical case report signifies the role of the dentist starting from diagnosis, presurgical phase, surgical phase and postsurgical phase of a patient diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the right maxilla.

Hemifacial hypertrophy: Exploring new avenues of treatment modalities.

Congenital hemihyperplasia is a rare developmental disorder characterized by unilateral overgrowth of one or more body parts resulting in marked asymmetry. We are reporting here, a case of true hemifacial hypertrophy in a young female adult highlighting the clinical features and possible treatment options.

Ocular Injuries Associated with Midface Fractures: A 5 Year Survey.

AIM: The aim of this study is retrospective analysis of ocular injuries after maxillofacial trauma reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at V.S. Dental College and Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Bangalore. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of ocular injuries following facial trauma from 2008 to 2013. RESULTS: Road traffic incident was the most common etiology (55.46 %). Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture was the most common fracture associated with ocular injuries (67.22 %). Out of 119 patients, 5 had severe visual impairment and (0.84 %) had blindness. CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial trauma particularly that associated with Lefort II, Lefort III and Zygomatico maxillary complex fracture may lead to opthalmic injuries and even blindness. A thorough opthalmic examination should be carried out for every patient with maxillofacial trauma and suspected cases should be placed under closed observation so that immediate and active treatment can be taken if necessary.

Hereditary sensory and autosomal peripheral neuropathy-type IV: case series and review of literature.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) IV is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which is characterized by a decrease in the number of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers of peripheral nerves which causes diminished or absent pain sensation leading to increase in self-mutilative habits. A retrospective study of eight cases ranging from age group of 4 to 17 years for oral and digital signs and symptoms is presented. All the patients showed congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis. Oral self-mutilations, such as autoextraction of teeth and severe bite injuries (with resultant scarring) of the finger tips and oral soft tissues (tongue, lip, and buccal mucosa) were found in most patients. Our study suggests that early diagnosis and specific treatment plan are important for prevention of characteristic of the oral as well as digital trauma associated with this disorder.